]
molecular interventions for, [>]
See also Reconnection; Regeneration; Reweighting of synapse; Rewiring of brain
Fox, Michael J., [>]
Fracastoro, Girolamo, [>]–[>]
France, Anatole, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Franklin, Rosalind, [>], [>]
Freezing of body constituents, [>]–[>]
Freezing of corpses, [>]
Freischütz, Der (von Weber opera), [>]
Fried, Itzhak, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Frith, Uta, [>]
Frontal lobe, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
and autism, [>]
and linguistic functions, [>]
and schizophrenics, [>]
Frontal lobotomy, [>], [>]–[>]
Frost, Robert, [>]
Fukushima, Kunihiko, [>]
Futuristic fantasies, [>]
Galaxy Zoo project, [>]
Galileo Galilei, [>], [>], [>]
Gall, Franz Joseph, [>], [>], [>]
Galton, Francis, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Gambling, [>]
and Pascal’s Wager, [>]–[>]
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), [>], [>]
Gauguin, Paul, [>]
Gauss, Carl, [>]
Geigy, J. R., pharmaceutical company, [>]
General intelligence as simplistic, [>]
Genes, [>]
and autism or schizophrenia, [>]
Bernal on future manipulation of, [>]
and connectome, [>], [>], [>]
expressing of, [>]
and growth of axon, [>]–[>]
Mendel’s discovery of, [>]
and neuronal connectome, [>]
neurons influenced by, [>]
in study of C. elegans, [>]–[>]
and synapse creation, [>]
in wiring of brain, [>], [>]
Gene therapy, [>]
for Parkinson’s disease, [>]
Genetic code, [>]
Genetic engineering, and mental disorders in animals, [>]
Genetic testing
on fetus, [>]
for Huntington’s disease (HD), [>]–[>]
Genie (abused child), [>], [>], [>]
Genome, [>], [>], [>]
multiple meanings of, [>]
Genome, human
excerpt from, [>]
as explanation of differences, [>]
of fraternal twins, [>]
as unchangeable, [>], [>], [>]
viewing of, [>]
Genomics, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
and autism or schizophrenia, [>]–[>]
and connectomes, [>]
progress of, [>], [>]
Giza, pyramid of, [>]–[>]
Glial cells, [>]
Glutamate, [>], [>]
God
humanity making itself into (transhumanism), [>]
and Pascal’s Wager, [>]–[>]
Gödel, Kurt, [>]
Goldschmidt, Richard, [>]
Golgi, Camillo, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Golgi staining method, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Gould, Elizabeth, [>], [>], [>]
Graham, Sonny, [>]–[>]
“Grand challenges,” [>]
“Grandmother cell” theory of perception, [>]
Gray matter, [>], [>], [>]. See also Cortex
Greeks (ancient), and Fates, [>]
Greenough, William, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Grey, Aubrey de, [>]
Grossberg, Stephen, [>]
“Growth cone,” [>]
Gujrat, Pakistan, shrine in, [>]–[>]
Hall, David, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Harris, Kristen, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Harvard University, ultramicrotome in, [>]–[>], [>]
Harvey, Thomas, [>]
Hawking, Stephen, [>]–[>]
Hayek, Friedrich, [>]
Hayworth, Ken, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Heaven, [>]
as computer simulation, [>]–[>]
Hebb, Donald, [>]
Hebbian synaptic plasticity, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
disabling of, [>]
as learning, [>]
and potential to learn, [>]
variant of, [>]
Hebbian strengthening, [>]
Heidelberg, [>]
Helmstaedter, Moritz, [>]
Hemispherectomy, [>]
Hierarchical organization of neurons, in perception, [>]
and memory “grounding,” [>]–[>]
Hierarchical perceptron model for brain, [>]
Hippocampus, [>], [>], [>]
fluoxetine effect on, [>]
posterior, [>]
and schizophrenia, [>]
study as enlarging, [>]
“Hive mind,” [>]
Homunculus, motor or sensory, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Hubel, David, [>], [>]
Human Connectome Project, [>], [>]
Human Genome Project, [>], [>], [>]
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), [>]
Hume, David, [>]
Huntington’s disease (HD), [>]–[>], [>]
Huxley, Aldous, [>]
HVC (region of bird brain), [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Hypothermia, and memory, [>]–[>]
Hypotheses, role of in science, [>]
and tools of measurement, [>]
I Am Your Child Foundation, [>]
IBM, and Markram, [>]
Ideas, abstract, [>]
Image analysis, automating of, [>]
Imipramine, [>]–[>]
Immortality, [>]–[>]
as information preservation, [>]–[>]
Implicit (nondeclarative) memory, [>]–[>]
of birds, [>]–[>]
acquisition of, [>]–[>]
as synaptic chain, [>]–[>], [>]
Inbreeding, [>]
Individual differences
and averages, [>]
and brain, [>], [>], [>], [>]
connectionism as explaining, [>]
connectomes as basis for, [>]–[>], [>]
and smaller connectomes, [>]
between twins, [>]
Inductive (“data-driven”) approach to science, [>]
Inferior colliculus, [>]
Inferior parietal lobule, [>]
Infinite regress, and neuronal explanation of perception, [>]
Information, self as, [>]–[>]
Information theoretic death, [>]
Inherited traits, DNA as source of, [>]. See also Nature-nurture relation
Inhibition, need for, [>]
Inhibitory neurons, [>]–[>], [>]
and divergent synaptic chains, [>]
and sedatives, [>]
Inhibitory synapses, [>], [>]
Insanity. See Mental disorders and disabilities; Schizophrenia
Intelligence, [>]
and brain size
correlation between, [>]
in Anatole France and Ivan Turgenev, [>]–[>]
and Galton’s approach, [>]–[>], [>]
multiple, [>]
Pearson’s categorization of, [>]
Intelligence Amplification (IA), [>]
Intermarriage between cousins, and microcephaly, [>]
Interneurons, [>]
Intracellular recording, [>]–[>]
Inverted-image telescope experiment, [>]
Ion channel, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
iPhone, as modern miracle, [>]
Iproniazid, [>]–[>]
IQ
as simplistic, [>]
frontal and parietal lobes correlated with, [>]–[>]
Irreversibility, [>]–[>]
Jain, Viren, [>]–[>]
James, William, [>]
Jesuit maxim on childhood indoctrination, [>]
John the Baptist, [>]
Kandel, Eric, [>]–[>], [>]
Kanizsa triangle, [>], [>]–[>]
Kanner, Leo, [>]–[>], [>]
Karten, Harvey, [>]
Kasparov, Garry, [>]
Kasthuri, Narayanan “Bobby,” [>]
Keith, Sir Arthur, [>]
Kelvin, Lord, [>]
Kennard Principle, [>]
Khufu (pharaoh), [>]–[>]
Knives, [>]
Knott, Graham, [>]
Knudsen, Eric, [>]–[>], [>]
Koch, Christof, [>]
Koch, Robert, [>]
Koskinas, Georg, [>]
Kurzweil, Ray, [>], [>]
Labyrinth, [>], [>]
Lander, Eric, [>]
Language
Broca-Wernicke model of, [>], [>], [>]
replacement for, [>]
and hemispherectomy, [>]
learning of in childhood, [>]
by Genie, [>]
in left hemisphere, [>]
and stroke, [>]
and synaptic chain, [>]
Languages, lost, [>]–[>]
Large Hadron Collider (LHC), [>]
Lashley, Karl, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Las Vegas, [>]
Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), [>], [>]
Lateralization, cerebral, [>], [>]
Law of Dynamic Polarization, [>]
Laws of Behavior Genetics, [>], [>]
Learning
and connectomes, [>]
connectome change as cause, [>]
critical period for, [>]–[>], [>]
and vision experiments, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
as expansion of cortical areas, [>]
and four R’s of connectome change, [>] (see also Reconnection; Regeneration; Reweighting of synapse; Rewiring of brain)
by machine, [>], [>]
and neocortical plasticity, [>]
and redundant representation, [>]–[>]
and sparse connectivity, [>]–[>]
synapse creation/elimination in, [>]
Leeuwenhoek, Antonie van, [>]–[>], [>]
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
and calculus, [>]
optimism of, [>]–[>]
and Kurzweil, [>]
on perception, [>], [>], [>]
on power of reasoning, [>]
and soul, [>]
Leighton, Stephen, [>]
Lenin, Vladimir, embalmed, [>]
Levi-Montalcini, Rita, [>]
LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus), [>], [>]
Lichtman, Jeff, [>], [>]
Life extension, [>]–[>]. See also Cryonics; Plastination
Light microscopy, [>], [>]
serial, [>]
Limitless Future, The (promotional video), [>]
Linear A script, [>]
Linear B script, [>], [>]–[>]
Lissencephaly, [>]–[>], [>]
Live Long Enough to Live Forever (Kurzweil), [>]–[>]
Lobotomy, [>]
Localizationism (cortical or cerebral), [>], [>]
Broca’s discoveries in, [>]–[>]
criticism of, [>]
and genius, [>]–[>]
and Lashley, [>], [>]
and symptoms of brain injury, [>]–[>]
Wernicke’s discoveries in, [>]–[>]
Loci, method of, [>]
Locke, John, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Lock-and-key metaphor for neurotransmission, [>], [>], [>]
Loewi, Otto, [>]
Longitudinal fissure, [>], [>]
Lorente de Nó, Rafael, [>]
Lost languages, [>]–[>]
Machine learning, [>], [>]
Machines
bodies viewed as, [>], [>]
and Leibniz on perception, [>]
and reanimation, [>]
Magic bullet, [>], [>]
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion (dMRI), [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Magnetic resonance imaging, functional (fMRI), [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Map(s), [>]–[>], [>]
Mapping of brain
electrical stimulation for, [>], [>]–[>]
of white-matter axons, [>], [>]–[>]
See also Brodmann’s map
Markram, Henry, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of, [>]
Materialism, doctrine of, [>]
uploader’s rebuke to, [>]–[>]
Maupassant, Guy de, [>]
Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, [>]
Max Planck Society, [>]
Mazur, Peter, [>]
“Meaning of life,” and transhumanism, [>]
Mechanism, doctrine of, [>]–[>], [>]
uploader’s rebuke to, [>]–[>]
Medial geniculate nucleus (MGN), [>]
Medial temporal lobe (MTL), [>]–[>]
and memory, [>]–[>]
Medications. See Drugs
Memory(ies), [>]–[>], [>]
and association, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
of birds, [>]
and case of H.M., [>]
and CA3 region, [>], [>], [>]
connectionist theory of, [>]
and connectomes, [>]
memories read from, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
memories read from (birds), [>]–[>]
memories read from (dead humans), [>], [>]
MTL prominent in, [>]–[>]
“crystallized,” [>]
difficulty in testing hypotheses on, [>]–[>]
dual-trace theory of, [>]–[>]
and stability-plasticity dilemma, [>]–[>]
“grounding” of, [>]–[>]
and hippocampus, [>]
and information overload, [>]
and material structure, [>]–[>]
and persistence of synaptic changes, [>]
and persistent spiking, [>]–[>]
and reconnection, [>]–[>]
and reweighting, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
and sparse connectivity, [>]
types of
declarative (explicit), [>]–[>], [>]
nondeclarative (implicit), [>]–[>]
and “white paper” metaphor, [>]
Mendel, Gregor, [>]–[>]
Mental disorders and disabilities, [>], [>]
Alzheimer’s, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
autism, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>] (see also Autism)
and behavior change, [>]–[>]
bipolar disorder, [>]
and brain connectivity (MRI as finding correlations), [>]