laundry 81
League of Armed Neutrality 160
Leeward Islands 96, 288
Leghorn (Livorno), Italy 199, 258, 265, 279, 288
lemons 34, 62, 113, 160–1, 262, 298
Leningrad siege 4
Leonetti, Antonio 289, 290
Leslie, Patrick (navy) 138, 151, 160, 172
Lexington, America 9
lightballs (fireballs) 65–6, 73, 379–80
lighting/lights 118; black-out 167; candles 166, 174, 233, 340; from fires 249, 250; lamps 62, 370, 380; lanthorns/lanterns 83, 200, 233; moonlight 65, 110, 166, 167, 184; for working parties by night 32, 65; see also lightballs
Lindsay, Colin (73rd) 315; on Curtis 335; expected assault 329; floating batteries 319, 323, 324, 325, 327, 328, 332, 333, 336; French and Spanish fleet 315, 327; on hatred of French and Spaniards 341; on officers 322; on priests 340; on survivors 331, 332, 335
Lindsay, Martin Eccles (73rd) 253, 405
Lines see King’s Lines, Prince’s Lines, Queen’s Lines, Spanish Lines
Line Wall 16, 62, 86, 100, 169, 172, 313, 320–1, 331
Lisbon, Portugal 7, 71, 119, 145, 158, 262, 355
Little Bay 137
Liverpool, England 171
Lloyd, Vaughan (artillery) 51–2, 55
Logie, Charles 3, 24–5, 105, 111, 147, 173
London, England 35, 40, 75, 80, 97, 98, 153, 156, 165, 173, 181, 217, 218, 226, 265, 346, 376; Ancell 54–5; Benider 217; Cranfield 60, 260, 378; Creswell 81; Cumberland (George) xx; Eliott 18, 49, 251, 378, 379, 382–3; Green (Mrs) 289; Israel (Moses) 199, 207, 212; Koehler 261; Lloyd’s Coffee House xxv; Macdonald 378; Nelson 382; news sent to 35, 37, 40, 228, 240, 241, 251, 267, 313; Pepys 7; Rawlinson 378; Wheate 37; Upton (Catherine) 383–4
long guns see cannons
Louis XIV 7
Louis XV 49, 292, 304
Louis XVI 9, 45
Lovell, William (navy) 372
macaques see monkeys
Macbride, John (navy) 101, 108
Macdonald, John (73rd) 36, 116, 117; career 36; and Eliott 378, 379, 381; invasion fleet 38; piper 36, 99, 116; and regimental hospital 117, 126–7; Rodney’s convoy 99, 100, 101; teacher 36
McDonald, Owen (97th) 362–3
Mackay, George 191, 255, 378, 382
Mackellar, Donald 145, 146
Mackenzie, George (73rd) 36, 117, 151
McLorg, Captain 165–6
Maddin, William (12th) 279
Madrid, Spain 3, 87, 130, 159, 296, 297, 323, 339, 342, 344; Cordoba 354; Crillon (duc) 296–7, 343–4, 377; Grantham 35; Langara 377; news from 120, 159, 354
magazines 161, 224, 239, 247, 257, 261, 273, 285, 311; ammunition 257; destruction of 248, 249, 250, 255, 273, 281–2, 334; gunpowder in 28, 285
Mahon see Port Mahon
Mahon battery see batteries
Main Guard 27, 118, 235
Main Street 27, 57, 58, 116, 244, 368
Majorca 142
Maker, Cornwall 36, 37, 39, 98
Malaga, Spain 3, 23, 351
Malta siege 4
Manchester, England 9, 81–2, 94; see also regiment (72nd)
Mann, Thomas 289
Marbella, Spain 16, 350
Marie-Antoinette 4, 304
Marine Brigade 305–6, 327, 334, 362
market gardens see gardens
marksmen 29, 163, 198
Marlborough 37, 102
Marsden, William 304
Marseilles, France 228
martial (military) law 12, 18, 95, 220; see also courts-martial
Martin, Corporal (artillery) 258
Martin, Philip (artillery) 310–11
matches 54, 55, 138, 246
Mawhood, Charles (72nd) 117, 125, 149–51, 152, 173, 400
mayonnaise 8, 394
meat 44, 68, 69, 92–3, 373; beef 1, 69, 72, 107, 127, 127, 159, 165–6, 171, 173, 175, 219, 297, 340, 370, 371; pork 1, 69, 107, 127, 159, 165–6, 171, 175, 297; salt/salted 1, 69, 83, 111, 157, 159, 164, 165–6, 175, 182, 205, 327; see also birds, cattle, pigs, poultry, sheep
medals 385–7
medicine see amputation, diseases, hospitals, surgeons
Medina Sidonia, Duke of 6
Mediterranean Sea 5, 6, 12, 15, 16, 17, 79, 96, 108, 175, 228, 348, 357, 384–5, 387
Mendoza, Joaquin de 1, 2, 3, 83
Mercier, John (39th) 58, 59, 235, 238
Mercury 260, 262
Messa, Francisco 62–3, 86, 91, 202, 257; bombardment of Gibraltar 187–8, 189–90; Catholic priest 62–3; College Lane (house) 191–2; fireships 137–8; and Prince William 116; Spanish church 62–3, 116, 187–8, 189–90, 191–2, 193, 204; tent 202, 204, 213; valuables 192–3, 200–1, 204
Middle Hill 61, 63, 72; Guard 167
Middleton: Robert Gambier (navy) 388; Susanna 388
Midshipman’s Look-out see Rock Gun
midwives 9, 95, 220, 398
militia 9, 35–6, 37, 227, 239
milk 157, 175
Mill Battery see St Carlos Battery
Minden, Battle of 19, 50
Minerva 351
mines/miners 37, 64, 143, 277–8, 281, 287, 306, 358–9, 368–9
Minorca 10, 115, 116, 134, 142, 201, 213, 229, 289; and d’Arçon 272; Boyd 19, 126; Byng 19; Crillon (comte) 259; Crillon (duc) 228, 229, 259–60, 270, 274, 283, 308, 377; Curtis 176–7; disputed territory 8, 9, 171, 175–6, 387; French forces from 242, 266, 270, 274, 278, 283; George III 387; Houdan-Deslandes 192; Jews 265; Murray (governor) 259–60; siege 175, 176, 228, 229, 258, 262, 263, 266, 270, 387; supplies from England 96, 97, 99, 117, 120, 121, 229; supplies to Gibraltar 71, 148, 155, 160, 174, 175, 210–11, 289; see also Fort St Philip, Port Mahon
Minorca 211
minute guns 151, 269
mirandas (towers) 61
money/currency/cash 38, 159, 175, 196, 197, 199, 207, 216, 270, 297, 363; captured ships xxiii, 120; cobs 70, 92, 146, 180; dollars 69, 70, 93, 183, 286; doubloons 70; exchange rate 25–6, 69–70, 173, 174, 181; fund for Royal George victims xxv–xxvi; with Howe’s convoy 351; loans 75; merchants acquire wealth 201; officers repaid debts 181–2; pistoles 70, 345; quarts 70; reals (rials) 25, 69, 70, 92–3, 173, 174, 183; rewards given by Eliott 258, 286, 337; and Rodney 97; see also prize-money
monkeys (Barbary macaques) 143–4, 387–8
Montague’s see bastions
Montefiore, Sarah 200
Moonlight Battle 101–5, 107–9
Moore, Samuel (56th) 67
Moorish castle see castles
Moreno, Buenaventura (navy) 211, 319, 320, 326, 330, 332
Moreno, Juan 192, 200
Morocco (Barbary) 5, 26, 76, 136, 147, 165, 176, 187, 262, 350; Logie (British consul) 24, 147; macaques 143–4, 387–8; pirates 148; supplies from 25, 71, 87, 112, 147, 198, 369; viewed from Gibraltar 16, 87, 149; visited from Gibraltar 2
mortar batteries 32, 172, 187, 228, 237, 239, 291; construction of 32, 247, 260, 309, 344; destroyed 254; see also St Carlos
mortar boats (bomb-boats) 208, 210, 221, 222, 223, 230–2, 307–8, 314, 327–8, 341, 344, 360; attacked St Michael 359–60; daytime attack 363–4; description 178; returned after first attack 224–5; trials 178
mortars 131, 189, 199, 250, 254, 255; brass 32, 246, 247; construction 239, 247; firing 52–3, 58, 59–60; range 52; Rock mortar 178; as Spanish supplies 32 ; sea 225, 285; spiking 246; see also cannons, shells
mosques 62, 369
Moubray, Henry 145
Mount Pleasant (The Mount) 14, 119; bombardment 141, 222, 361; bombproof 221–2; Green family home 14, 49, 57, 117–19, 141, 221–2, 361, 388; Middletons 388; Prince William 117–19; temporary shelters 57, 129; writing at 118–19
Moutray, John (navy) 158
mules 25–6, 55–6, 83, 90–1, 135, 167, 178
Murray, Dennis (39th) 312
Murray, James 259–60
music 257, 313, 370
muskets (firelocks) 29–30, 244, 251, 279, 313; Brown Bess 29; drill 198; firing 29–30; flints 29, 30, 198, 243; lead balls 29–30, 84, 197, 198; marksmen 29; musket-shot (distance) 260; prepared cartridges 29–30; rate of fire 30
Muslims 5, 6; see also Morocco, mosques
Napoleon Bonaparte 290, 292, 385
Nassau, Prince of 320, 326, 330, 331
naval hospital, Gibraltar 13, 94–5, 137–8, 202, 219, 262, 281, 292, 350; appearance 95; Baynes 94; bombardment 221, 225, 230–4, 344, 361; Burke 235; Gibson 170; overcrowded 202, 205, 268; prisoners-of-war 109, 126, 252, 338; supplies for 160; surgery 231–4, 235–6, 256; temporary shelters 213; Upton (Mrs) 202, 205; von Helmstadt 256
navy, French/Spanish 9, 11, 24, 33–5, 36–41, 42–5, 46, 76, 100, 101–5, 108, 121, 158, 176–7, 187, 203, 228–9, 240, 278, 288, 314–16, 327, 340–1, 343–4, 347–50; see also floating batteries, gunboats, mortar-boats, Royal Navy
Nelson, Horatio (navy) 382, 388, 389
Newcastle, England 80
Newfoundland, Canada 13, 14, 22, 97, 127
New Mole 16, 24, 76, 95, 96, 106, 132, 172, 184, 224–5, 274, 307, 320; booms 206, 288, 305; colliers scuttled 206; fireship attack 136–8; forges for heating shot 339; gunboats 164, 166, 288, 334, 336, 337, 363–4; gunfire from 145; landing of 73rd Regiment 116; unloading ships 110, 172, 187, 191, 203; von Helmstadt 256–7; water pollution 287–8; Young Sabine 165
New Mole Parade 228
newspapers 347; advertisements 155–6; on Eliott 381, 382–3; on floating batteries 292; Gibraltar Chronicle 375, 388; on Howe’s convoy 347; on invasion threat 37–8; reports of Gibraltar siege xvii, 174, 272, 274, 353, 354; reports of Minorca siege 229, 259; on Royal George xxiv, xxv, 372, 373; sent to Gibraltar 24, 174, 211
Nicolls, Oliver 314, 315, 326
Nile, Battle of 385
the Notch, Gibraltar 277, 281, 285, 287
Nottingham, England 81
Nottingham 112
Nutwell Court, Devon 2
officers (army) 19–21, 70, 84, 125, 152, 173, 181, 243, 306–7, 309, 355, 370
Old Mole 237, 239, 281, 320, 336, 364, 374; anchorage 16, 281; artillery 169–70, 178, 225, 230, 358, 364
Orange Grove, Spain 279, 294, 311; description 48; and floating batteries 275, 307, 317, 319; landing place 48, 225, 294, 307; prisoners 173
oranges 48, 62, 87, 112, 113, 160–1, 262, 279
Orange’s bastion 321, 347, 356
oxen 32, 93, 380
Palerano, Maria 279, 406
Palmones river 86, 161, 169
Panther 22, 23, 24, 135, 137, 140, 141–2, 348, 349
Paoli, Pascale 289–90
Paris, France 259, 272, 295, 304, 342, 361, 366
Paris, Treaty of 8, 387
parleys see flags of truce
Parsons, Joseph (artificer) 269
Pasley, Charles William 373
Pastora (floating battery) 319, 408; armament 321; damage 326, 328–9, 330–1, 332, 333, 334; flagship of Moreno 319, 320; and King’s Bastion 320, 323; losses 326, 328
Paterson, Thomas (artillery) 24, 31–2, 58, 59–60, 64, 72, 76, 78, 108, 111, 280
Paton, Private (artillery) 252
pay/wages xxv, 29, 69–70, 157, 181, 301
peace 9, 171, 295, 359, 361, 363, 364–5, 366–7, 376
Peace and Plenty 71–3, 74, 76, 77
pensions/pensioners 234, 293, 378, 386
Philip II (of Spain) 6
Philip V (of Spain) 7, 8
Phipps, John (engineers) 149
Phoenix see Fenix
Picton, William (12th) 149, 182, 257, 293, 308; arrived from England 117; on floating batteries 333, 336–7; Mawhood’s funeral 151; medal 386–7; Rodney’s convoy 125; sortie 243
Piedro, Bernardo 362
pigs 174, 175, 197
Pillars of Hercules 4–5, 6
pistols 152, 290
plays 8, 362
Plymouth, Devon 34, 36, 37, 42, 97; Ardent 39; Curtis 353; defences 36; dispatches from Gibraltar 353; Hardy 38, 42; Howe’s convoy 346; invasion fleet 37–8, 39, 40, 41, 42; Latona 353; Macdonald 36, 98–9; Pownoll 107; Rodney’s convoy 97–9; Royal George 304; Vernon 42, 99
Plymouth Sound 36, 38, 39, 99
Point Mala, Spain 48, 317
polacres 23, 165, 171
Porcupine 135, 211, 246, 344
pork see meat, pigs
Port Mahon, Minorca 8, 176, 177, 207, 210, 228–9, 260
Portsmouth, Hampshire xxvi, 8, 33, 34, 36, 42, 44, 113, 185, 346, 385; Balchen xx, xxii; bodies from wreck xxiv; Byng 8; Cumberland (Richard) xx, xxii, xxiv; Curtis 176; Darby’s convoy 185; Green (Mrs) 153; Hardy 42–3; invasion threat 40; prostitutes xxiii, xxiv, xxiv, 215; Rodney’s convoy 97–8, 112; Royal George xvii, xxi, xxii, 301–3; Speedwell 170
Portsmouth Point xxii, xxiii, xxiv
Portugal 3, 5, 6, 7, 26, 148, 160, 226, 238, 262, 274, 279; see also Faro, Lisbon
post-chaise 112
potatoes 166, 171, 297, 339, 380
powder see gunpowder
Power, Barry and Sarah 55
Pownoll, Philemon 107, 112
prames 225, 237, 273
press-gangs xxiii, 35, 38
Price, Rice (56th) 26, 84, 90; on blockade 22, 87; on Buck 76–7; on Burke 235; captain of guard at Landport 73; career 85; on deaths and injuries 191, 202, 213; description of town 207–8; on deserters 67, 84, 180, 237; on fireballs 66; on fireship attack 138–9; on first shots 91; governor’s orders 25–6; on gunboats 221, 224; on incoming shot/shells 58, 195, 217, 227–8, 236, 257–8; marriage 398; on outgoing shells 68; on Peace and Plenty 72; on Phoenix 109; on street paving removed 57–8; on vegetable raids 83; on working parties18–19, 27, 65; on Young Sabine 165
prices/costs: of ammunition 257; of floating batteries 354; of fuel 92, 216; of houses 378; of provisions 67, 69, 70, 71, 82, 92–3, 117, 127, 135, 155, 173, 174–5, 181, 182, 183, 194, 197, 216, 355, 367; of provisions in Spanish camp 68, 113; of siegeworks 255
priests see clergymen
Prince George 97, 103, 104, 115, 186, 373
Prince of Orange’s bastion see Orange’s bastion
Prince’s Lines 27, 58, 67, 73, 83, 261, 284, 311
Princess Ann’s Battery 258, 281–2
Prince William (Guipuscoana) 100–1
Prince William (William IV) 97, 99, 100, 115–16, 117–18, 119, 186, 373
Prince William’s battery 228
prisoners-of-war 24, 159, 266; British 3, 120, 126, 138, 146, 157–9, 173, 351, 360; from Caracas convoy 101; from floating batteries 331–2, 337–9, 344, 345; Genoese 282; and Minorca 259, 260, 265; from Moonlight Battle 109, 110, 111, 114–15, 119, 120, 126; from St Michael 348, 350, 356; from sortie 251–2, 256–7, 260
privateers 22–3, 24, 71–2, 74, 77, 107, 134, 263
privates see rank-and-file
prize-money/prizes 23, 24, 35, 50, 100, 104, 107, 108, 109, 111, 121, 146, 266, 362, 379
prostitutes xxiii, xxiv, xxvi, 215–16, 301
Protestants: church attendance 89; clergymen at execution 89; hospital 95; left for England 213; soldiers 11, 29; see also King’s Chapel
Puerto Rico 356
punishments12, 195; Byng shot by firing squad 8; flogging 153, 210, 220–1, 270; hanging 85, 89, 180, 210, 218–20, 244, 257, 267, 270, 312, 363; of officers 8, 153, 173, 265; pardoned 180, 267; pillory 270; prison 61, 68; turned out of garrison 19, 27; treated as insane; whirligig 215–16; of wo
men 215–16, 220; see also crimes
Quakers 89
Quartin, Antonio 91
Quebec, Battle of 319, 340
Quebec, Canada 13
Queen 303
Queen Charlotte’s battery 51, 54
Queen of Spain’s Chair (Sierra Carbonera), Spain 31, 130, 222, 225, 278, 322
Queen’s Lines 179, 261, 284–5, 311
raisins 160
rank-and-file (privates, troops) 13, 20, 35, 55, 60, 89, 94, 133, 153, 173, 175, 190, 198, 236, 243, 282, 297, 368, 370; see also deserters, regiments
rations/allowances 44, 71, 92, 107, 117, 159, 183, 279; in Spanish camp 113
rats 183
Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke 378
Raymundo, Maria 201, 403; Peter 201
Read, George (58th) 359
Read, John (58th) 359
reals see money
red-hot shot 291; against floating batteries 324–7, 328, 331; fired at Spanish camp 364; heating and firing 280–1, 286–7, 312, 318, 322, 324–5, 327, 339, 343, 344; Mahon battery attacked 309–10; trials 281, 319; warships vulnerable 273, 311–12, 321
Red Sands, Gibraltar 92, 214–15, 242, 243
regiment, 12th: 13, 74, 168, 181, 231, 237, 241, 242, 243, 245, 250, 257, 386; see also Brookes, Hammerton, Maddin, Picton, Spilsbury, Whetham
regiment, 25th: 351, 360, 378
regiment, 39th: 13, 20, 125, 126, 152, 153, 173, 181, 191, 224, 243–4, 386; see also Boyd, Burleigh, Cranfield, Cuninghame, Horsbrugh, James, Kellett, Mercier, Murray, Ross (Charles), Vignoles, Wilson
regiment, 56th: 13, 85, 180, 223, 386; see also Abercromby, Chisholm, Elsegood, Fancourt, Fullingford, Hamilton (Henry), Hornsby, Moore, Price
regiment, 58th: 13, 61, 243–4; see also Ancell, Eustace, Farrell, Hassan, Read, Ward
regiment, 59th: 351, 360
regiment, 72nd (Royal Manchester Volunteers): 9, 13, 61, 74, 89–90, 149, 151, 168, 173–4, 193, 236, 251, 268, 270, 281, 383, 388, 394; see also Budworth, Delhoste, Drinkwater, Evelegh (John), Gledstanes, Mawhood, Ross (Charles), Upton (John)
regiment, 73rd (Highlanders): 36, 38, 98, 116–17, 119, 126–7, 128, 224–5, 245, 252, 259, 268, 280, 362, 368, 378; see also Cairncross, Gordon, Irving, Lindsay (Colin), Lindsay (Martin), Macdonald, Mackenzie, Ross (Donald), Sutherland
regiment, 97th: 266, 268, 279, 351; see also McDonald
regiments 13, 242–3, 289, 376; Bourbon 84; Bretagne 259, 292; Catalonia 177; Estremadura 130–1; French/Spanish 113, 129, 162, 177–8, 278, 306–7; Hanoverian 13, 29, 51, 61, 74, 115, 179–80, 218, 241, 244, 250, 252, 288, 386, 402, 410; Hardenberg’s 179, 241, 242, 243, 245, 250; La Motte’s 179, 224; numbering 19; Reden’s 179; reviews 125, 126; Sydows’s 179; see also cavalry, Marine Brigade, officers, rank-and-file, surgeons, Walloon Guards