relapsing fever 124
Repulse 237, 273
rice 68, 69, 127, 175
Rich, Thomas (navy) 23, 51
Richmond, Thomas (‘Shell’, artificer) 269
Rock Guard 64
Rock Gun (Rock Guard, Midshipman’s Look-out, Sky Battery) 64–5
Rodney, George Brydges 96–7, 111, 113–14, 116, 117, 120, 125, 129, 135; Battle of the Saintes 288–9, 290; Caracas Company fleet 100; career 96–7; and Duff 120–1; and Eliott 111, 116; Moonlight Battle 100, 102–4; on Spanish hatred of French 114; to West Indies 121; on Spanish prisoners 114, 119, 159; wife Henrietta 98, 121
Rodney’s convoy/ships 96–7, 99, 102, 105, 106, 107–8, 109, 110, 111, 112, 120, 125, 126, 149, 173, 185, 203
Rogers, John (artillery) 258
Roman Catholic 11; burials 92; conversion 230; hospitals 95, 306–7; leave Gibraltar 213; mass 306–7; offerings to saints 62; priests 172, 337, 339, 340; Reconquest 5–6; working parties 169; see also Genoese, Messa, Spanish church
Rooke, George (navy) 7
Rosia Bay 15, 16, 137, 140, 172, 187, 363
Ross, Charles (39th/72nd) 248; admirers 174; appointed to 72nd Regiment 173; behaviour 124–6, 152–3, 173, 243, 357; career 20, 395; commanded sortie 243, 249; court-martial 152–3; death 383; and Eliott 51, 153, 173, 249; feud with Boyd 124–6, 152–3, 357; hosted dinners 149, 173; Member of Parliament 357; to Portugal 226; stuck in Spain 3; in verse 174
Ross, Donald (73rd) 232–4, 235
Ross, John Lockhart (navy) 97, 118–19, 121, 125, 186, 203–4, 301
Royal Artillery see artillery
Royal Battery 288
Royal Engineers see engineers
Royal George xvii–xxvi; bodies from wreck xxv; commemorative medal 387; Cumberland (Richard) xx; in Darby’s convoy 185–6, 301; Duff 120–1; Green (Mrs) 119; in Hardy’s Channel Fleet 41, 43; Horn (Elizabeth) xxii; in Howe’s convoy xvii, 301, 348; Ingram xviii, xxii; Ross (John) 185–6, 203; Kempenfelt xxi; Lark xviii, xx, 302, 372; Portsmouth 301; Prince William (William IV) 373; prostitutes 301; Rodney’s convoy 97, 104, 119; salvage of 372–3; sank xviii, xx, 302–4, 373; survivors xviii, xxii, 373
Royal Navy xvii–xxvi, 6–7, 8, 11, 13, 19, 22–4, 31, 33, 37, 38–40, 41–5, 46, 49, 79, 80, 96–122, 135–7, 170–1, 176–7, 185–7, 266–7, 300–4; see also Darby’s convoy, gunboats, Howe’s convoy, Marine Brigade, press-gangs, Rodney’s convoy
rum see alcohol
St Ann 266–7
St Barbara see Fort St Barbara
St Bernard of Clairvaux 5
St Carlos battery (Mill Battery, Tower Battery) (Spanish) 237, 239; built by Mill Tower 163; burned 248; guard 177, 249; mortars 177, 178, 247; range of shells 191, 228, 238; and sortie 241–2, 244, 245, 247, 248, 310
Saintes, Battle of 288–9
St John’s, Canada 14
St Martin’s see batteries
St Paschal’s (Pascual’s) see batteries
St Philip’s Castle see Fort St Philip, Minorca
St Philip’s Castle 258, 259–60, 263, 288
St Vincent, Battle of 389
Salford, England 9
sandbags 28, 162, 167, 293, 294, 345
Sandwich, Earl of (First Lord of the Admiralty) 43–4, 97, 186, 208, 288
Sandwich 97, 104
Sandy Bay, Minorca 228, 229
San Julian 103, 104–5
San Miguel (St Michael) 347–8, 350, 356, 359–60, 361, 362, 363, 364
San Roque/ San Roque common, Spain 349, 374; camp 30, 114, 306, 354; children with smallpox 74; countersign 254; and d’Arçon 272; families spent summer 2; headquarters of Spanish governor/general 1, 16, 159, 162, 237, 254; hospital 154, 307; in Peninsular War 375–6; view towards Gibraltar 31, 237, 376; visits by Eliott 1, 3, 367–8; women 225; see also camps (French/Spanish)
San Sebastian, Spain 100
Santa Catalina 266
Santo Domingo 102
scarlet fever 21
Scilly Isles 38
Scotland 8, 20, 21, 36, 49, 126, 145, 146, 153, 378, 398; see also regiment (73rd)
Scud Hill 243
scurvy 34, 113, 127, 155–7, 161, 164, 262, 263, 264–5, 279
Searle, Richard (navy) 302
Second World War 15, 387–8
sedan chairs 108, 368
settees 23, 113, 172, 401
Seven Years’ War 9, 33, 50
sheep 72, 112, 149, 189, 202, 214, 229, 297
shells (bombs) 60, 163, 211, 214, 224, 293, 310, 341, 364, 372, 373; bombardments 189, 192, 196–7, 194, 201, 205, 212, 221, 230; broke 60; Christmas Day 361; church hit 192; cost 257; deserters targeted 84; explode/burst 58–9, 169, 190, 195, 196, 197, 198, 227, 231, 232, 235, 250, 254, 258, 270, 281–2, 286, 296; fires caused by 192, 194, 208, 213, 230; fired at floating batteries 321, 322, 323, 324, 328, 331, 333; firing 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 178, 358, 360; fuses 58–9, 222, 223, 231, 232, 235, 238, 258, 268, 286; and howitzers 169–70; killed birds 227; manufacture 59, 192, 213, 231, 286; Mercier’s development 58–9, 238; numbers fired 110, 208, 225, 227, 228, 230, 236, 237, 257, 260, 264, 339, 344; range 191, 224, 225, 228, 231, 238; ricochets in streets 57, 169; Spanish supplies 32, 222–3; splinters 58, 59, 195, 198, 212, 213, 217, 231, 232, 238; spotting incoming fire 264, 268–9; Terrible hit; working parties targeted 56, 58, 59, 65, 164, 170, 238, 281–2; see also laboratories, magazines, mortar boats, mortars, Shrapnel
shoes/shoemakers 94, 98, 201, 376
shot (cannonballs) 177, 220, 224, 228, 236, 258, 286, 314, 372, 373; costs 257; deserters fired at 84; firing of 53, 54, 261–2; first Spanish shots 86–7, 91–2; in floating battery attack 275, 291, 321–4, 333, 341; in gunboats 141, 166, 167, 230, 361; incoming shot spotted 268–9; numbers fired 60, 208, 225, 236, 237, 264, 339; ricochets 57; range 87, 91, 191, 262; from Rodney’s convoy 116; Royal George 302; Spanish bombardment 189–91, 194, 197, 201, 211, 212, 217; Spanish supplies 32; stunned by 310–11; Terrible hit 110; weight 53, 58, 86, 91, 141, 221; woman injured 91–2; working parties hit 56, 65, 164, 282; Young Sabine hit 165; see also red-hot shot
Shrapnel, Henry 59
sickness see diseases
Siebe, Augustus 373
sieges 3–4, 27, 52, 195, 256; Cartagena 14; Ceuta 7, 394; Gibraltar (13th) 14; Great Siege (14th) passim; Minorca (Fort St Philip) 126, 228, 258–9, 262, 263–6, 283; Tangier 7; Yorktown 240
siegeworks: covered ways (lines of communication/approach) 60, 90, 161, 167, 178, 237, 239, 269, 285, 309, 345; eastern parallel 237, 239, 244, 245, 298; see also batteries, isthmus, Lines, tunnels
Sierra Carbonera see Queen of Spain’s Chair
siesta 212, 225, 288
Sinclair, John 384–5
Skinner: Jane Frances 55, 92; Thomas (engineers) 55, 201; William 55; William Thomas 92
Sky Battery 64–5 see Rock Gun
smallpox 156; children at San Roque 3, 74; crew of Bienfaisant 108; Evelegh’s children 93–4; inoculation 96, 112, 128–9, 132–3, 145; Jewish children fell ill 74–5; major epidemic 112, 123, 127–9, 131–4, 144–5; seamen of French invasion fleet 37
Smith-Dorrien, Horace 386
Smyth, James Carmichael 101
snows 80
soldier-artificers see artificers
songs/singing 8, 198, 308, 312
sortie (sally) 190, 242–55, 260, 261, 262, 281, 357; at Minorca 259
South Barracks see barracks
South Bastion 65, 286, 322, 337, 363
South Mole 16; see also New Mole
South Parade 337
Southport (Southport Gate) 213; burial ground 92, 150, 235, 398; camp in ditch 360; families flee 188; Farrell hanged 89; gate through walls 189, 200–1, 244; shells reached 191, 344; streets dug this far 169; town walls 150, 242
Southsea, Hampshire xvii
–xviii, xx, xxi
Spain, resentment towards France 114, 119, 341, 342; opinion of the French 274, 298, 341, 342
Spanish church (St Mary the Crowned) 116, 193, 194, 244; belfry dismantled 63; description 62; destroyed 204, 258; Genoese conscripted 27; marauding soldiers 215; and Messa 62–3, 187–8, 189–93, 200; and Prince William 116; Roman Catholic burials 92
Spanish Lines (The Lines) 17–18, 65, 67, 83, 84–5, 87, 163, 167, 299, 316, 326, 343, 344, 348; affected by weather 90; batteries ready 162; bombardment started 189; on Corpus Christi 224; cheering at explosion 282; d’Artois visited 292–3; fired at Terrible 110; and fireship attack 138; firing decreased 227; first shots towards 54–5; in floating battery attack 278, 329, 339, 341; guardhouses 57, 60; guards/sentries 26, 55–6, 84; guns remounted 32; inspected by d’Estaing 162; Langara in carriage 119; lightballs 66; mule strayed 83; purpose 17; range of guns 18, 191; reinforced 32, 47, 161, 162; sentries 26; in sortie 245, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254, 257; working parties 48, 55–6, 58, 60, 164; see also Fort St Barbara, Fort St Philip
Spanish Succession, War of the 7
spectators/tourists 58; Buck 78; destruction of Mahon battery 310; expected naval battle 349–50; floating battery assault 305, 308, 317–18, 319, 322–3, 337; Price 109; public punishments 215; victory procession 337; visiting warships xx–xxi, xxiii, 119
Speedwell 170, 172, 176, 206, 236
spies/espionage 18, 31, 34, 68, 84, 142, 228, 262, 266–7; see also deserters, telescopes
Spilsbury, John (12th) 86, 162, 268, 285, 294; on artillery experiments 358; career 47; on coinage/currency 70; criticism of Duff/navy 47, 77, 80; criticism of surgeons 231–2, 234, 235; criticism of St George’s Day celebrations 370; on first Spanish shot 87; on food prices/shortages 69, 288; journal 47; on officers’ treatment of Jews 181–2; on officers’ stage play 362; on parsons 294; on punishments 219–20; on rebuilding 368; on removal of street paving 57; on Ross 243; on salvaged guns 361–2; on Spanish casualties 336; on tunnelling 284; on venereal disease 360, 362; on victory procession 361; on weather 149, 287
Spithead, England xxiii, 33, 170; bodies from Royal George wreck xxv–xxvi, 303; Channel Fleet 43; Darby’s convoy 186; Howe’s convoy xvii, xxvi, 301, 304, 346, 348; prostitutes xxiii; Royal George xvii, xx–xxi, 304, 372, 373
Spur battery 269
Stanhope, Henry 352–3, 354
starvation/hunger 3, 4, 60, 87, 135, 155, 159, 215–16, 300, 375; of inhabitants/garrison 80, 183, 186, 194, 197; preventative measures 22, 26, 163; of Spaniards 83, 153, 163; weapon of the besiegers 3,4, 68, 135
Stericho, Damian 312
Stobs, Scotland 49
Strait of Gibraltar (Straits, Streights) 5, 6, 15, 16, 71, 78–9, 105, 148, 155, 185, 227, 262, 352
streets ploughed/dug up (against shells) 57–8, 169, 193
Success 266
sugar 111, 112, 145, 161, 166, 174, 175, 196
suicides 150, 180, 219
Superior Battery 51, 55; see also batteries (Green’s Lodge)
superstition/folklore 95, 175, 316, 318–19
surgeons (doctors) xxii, 9, 95, 112, 155–6, 231–5, 236, 256, 264, 265; see also amputation, Baynes, Cairncross, hospitals, Ker
surgeon’s mates 94, 95, 235
Sutherland, Murdoch (73rd) 363
swimming xx, xxiii, 237
swords 84, 173, 243
synagogues see Jews
Talla Piedra 320, 321, 323, 326, 328–9, 330–1, 332, 334
Tangier, Morocco 5, 87, 148, 155, 369; blockaded 148; Logie (consul) 3, 24, 105, 111–12, 147; obtained by Britain 6; port 79, 147; reclaimed by Moors 7; supplies and information from 87, 105, 111–12, 113, 144, 145, 147, 155; Tarik ibn Ziyad 5
Tarifa, Spain 79, 148
Tarik ibn Ziyad 5
Taurel, Mrs 216, 217
taverns 118; see also winehouses
Tavistock, Devon 39, 40
tea 174, 196, 367
telescopes (glasses, spy glasses) xxi, 31, 142, 157, 282, 314, 323
tents 90, 154, 204, 205–6, 211–12, 213, 214–15, 216, 217, 223, 224, 279, 360; Spanish/French 30, 32, 222–3, 225, 227, 278, 282, 312, 330, 347; marquees 154, 205–6, 217
Terrible xxiii, 41, 42, 97, 99, 102, 103, 104, 105, 110
tetanus 233
Tetuan, Morocco 75, 76, 87, 113, 127, 148, 279
theatre 295, 304–5, 362
Thetis 367
tides see currents
tobacco 77, 107, 355, 371; pipes 296
tourists see spectators
tourniquets 233–4, 236
Tovey, Abraham (artillery) 253; Augusta 253
Tower Battery see St Carlos battery
town walls 16, 189; see also Landport, Line Wall, Southport, Waterport
Tracey, William 372
Trafalgar, Battle of 382, 383, 385, 388
traverses 58, 205, 244, 247, 258, 261, 368, 373
treaties 2, 9; see also Paris, Utrecht
trepanning 213, 233
troops see rank-and-file soldiers, regiments
tunnels (mines, galleries) 277–8, 281, 284–5, 287, 358–9, 367, 368–9
Turnham Green, Middlesex 379–81, 383
Twiss, Richard 70, 143
typhus 38, 101, 126–7, 129, 132, 156, 268
Ulloa, Don Antonio (navy) 35
Upton, Catherine (‘Kitty’, Mrs Upton) 157, 183, 217; on bombardment 190, 192, 195, 206, 216; criticism of fishermen/shortage of fish 93; criticism of food 111, 157, 159, 174–5, 182, 183, 205; on Eliott 50; forced to move home 190, 192–5, 202, 205–6, 216; governess 81, 384; on gunboats 206, 216; husband John 50, 82, 383; on lack of fuel 81; on laundry 81; life 81–2; name 396; at Nottingham 81; poet 50, 174, 383–4; ran a school 81; returned to England 217–18, 219, 383–4; on Ross 174; on thunderstorm 212; on newspaper lies 174; verse 50, 174, 384
Upton, Charlotte 82, 157, 202
Upton, John (‘Jack’) (72nd) 50, 81–2, 174, 190, 202, 383–4
Upton, Jack 82, 202, 219
Vanguard 225, 273
vegetables 296, 297–8; Eliott 68, 296; from Morocco 127; high price 174–5; Minorca siege 263; pilfered by Spaniards 135, 163, 244; scarcity 67, 83, 127; and scurvy 156, 157, 264–5, 279; sortie trophies 250
vegetarians 68, 296
venereal disease 360, 362
Vernon 266
Vernon, Francis (navy) xxiii, 42, 99, 102, 103, 104, 371–2, 376, 410
Victory xxii, xxvi, 41, 304, 346, 349, 351, 352, 353
Vignoles, John (39th) 3, 235
vineyards 22, 229
von Helmstadt, Baron 251–2, 256–7
Vrow Helena 160
wages see pay
waggons 55, 56, 134
Waghorn, Martin 301, 304
Wales 2, 85
Walloon Guards 67–8, 82, 84, 85, 90, 130, 138, 238, 251, 358
Ward, James (58th) 219–20
Washington, George 149, 240
watches 196, 220, 221, 270, 345
watchtowers (signal towers) 90–1, 148, 184, 330
water (drinking) 1, 34, 44, 61, 68, 83, 90, 126, 132, 143, 238, 287, 327
Waterford, Ireland 346
Waterport 16, 56–7, 65, 213, 236, 237
Watson, Jonas 14; Justly 14
weather/climate 27, 127, 304, 315–16, 370; dampness/humidity 101, 142; floods 90, 169, 170, 178, 211–12, 347; fog/mist 16, 66, 71, 83, 149, 160, 187; heat 69, 121, 142, 149, 152, 153, 287, 292, 296; rains 16, 81, 86, 90, 110, 142–3, 150, 168–9, 178, 211–12, 347, 370; sandstorms 90; storms/thunderstorms 75, 86, 142, 168–9, 211–12, 268; see also winds
Webber, Arthur (artillery) 28–9
Well Battery (Spanish) 167
West Indies 96, 99, 1
08, 112, 120, 121, 129, 158, 171, 178, 203
Wheate, Jacob (navy) 37, 41
wheelbarrows/hand barrows 164, 325, 338
Whetham, Thomas (12th) 269
Whirligig Lane 215
White Convent (White Cloister) 61, 62, 219
Whitham, Abraham (artillery) 65, 66, 248
Williams, Griffith (artillery) 358
Willis’s battery 278, 284, 311; boy spotters 268; carcass ignited eastern approach 298; cat killed 227; Crillon visited 368; deserters taken there 242; first shots 54; floods 170; Fort St Barbara targeted 72; lightballs 66, 73; magazines 281; men hit by shot 268; Prince William visited 116; repairs/reinforcement 28, 306; shell exploded 258; Spanish officer bowed 254
Wilson, William (39th) 260, 402
Winchester, Hampshire 40, 101
Windmill Hill 15, 74, 205, 243, 290, 338, 344, 350, 360
winds 5, 71, 78–9, 90, 98, 102, 104, 112, 139, 162, 176–7, 178, 183, 244, 301, 327, 351, 352; hurricane 347–8; Levanters (easterlies) 79, 80, 112, 119, 142, 169, 203, 206; westerlies 76, 79, 80, 86, 136, 222, 312, 315, 340
wine see alcohol
winehouses 89, 118, 180, 196, 238, 241, 312
women 2, 5, 13, 40, 49, 82, 85, 91–2, 98, 121, 136, 157, 159, 183, 188, 192, 201, 216, 218, 230, 293, 361, 365, 376, 377, 381–2, 384, 388; on board Royal George xix, xx–xxii, xxiv, xxv, 301, 373; crimes 215, 220–1; first shot fired 55, 92; Jewish 57, 200, 207, 216–17, 218, 219; left Gibraltar 120, 157, 207, 213, 217–18, 219, 260; and Price 85; prisoners-of-war 146, 157–8, 351, 360; servants/maids xviii, 13, 132–4, 226; wives of soldiers/officers 13, 19–22, 25, 71, 85, 88, 120, 151, 158, 180, 195, 202, 205–6, 217, 221–2, 223, 258, 260, 324, 351, 360, 362, 377–8; see also Adams (Abigail), Boyd (Arabella), Dixon (Elizabeth), Drake (Anne), Duff (Helen), Evelegh (Ann), Gledstanes (Elizabeth), Green (Miriam), Hamilton (Mrs), Horn (Elizabeth), Horsbrugh (Margaret), Isabella of Castile, Marie-Antoinette, Middleton (Susanna), Montefiore, Power (Sarah), prostitutes, Taurel (Mrs), Tovey (Augusta), Upton (Catherine)
Woolwich, England 49
wounded see injuries