Elliot, John 121, 135
Elliott, Roger 49, 396
Elsegood, Private (56th) 236
Engineer Lane 58, 75
engineers (Royal Engineers) 11, 13–14, 15, 20, 28, 30–1, 49, 51, 63, 93–4, 243, 261, 274, 344; Spanish/French 239, 274; see also d’Arçon, Evelegh (John), Green (William), Holloway, Phipps, Skinner, Watson (Justly)
English Channel 33–4, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42–3, 98, 203, 304
Enterprise (Enterprize) 23–4, 135–6, 146, 166; Captain Leslie 151; frigate 22, 135; Minorca 210–11; sailed to England 213, 219; Thomas Rich 23
espionage see spies
Estepona, Spain 16, 350
Europa/Europa Point 15, 16, 76, 137, 143, 145, 208, 311, 352, 363, 372; batteries 72, 145, 165; Europa Advance (battery) 72; Marine Brigade 305; temporary shelters 205, 216, 305
Eustace, Private (58th) 61
Evelegh: Ann 93, 112; Henry 93–4; John (engineers) 93–4, 112, 398; John (72nd) 83
Exeter, Devon 93
Fagg, George 77–8, 79, 134
Falmouth, Cornwall 37, 38
Fancourt, Bulleine (56th) 149
Faro, Portugal 3, 158, 290, 347
Farrell, Patrick (58th) 89, 94
Farrington’s see batteries
fascines 28, 32, 129, 162, 167, 170, 213, 227, 238, 247, 248, 298–9, 309, 310
fascine park 85, 238
fencibles 35–6
Fenix (Phoenix) 103, 108, 109
Ferdinand II of Aragon 5–6
Ferdinand IV of Castile 5
feu de joie 262–3, 266, 288–9, 370
Fife, Scotland 22
firelocks see muskets
fires (conflagrations): barricades 313; destroyed buildings in town 192, 194, 204, 207–8, 212–13; burning grass 149, 292; eastern approach 298–9; floating batteries 328, 330–1, 333, 334–7, 341–2, 349; gunpowder barrels 296; huts 90, 162; Mahon battery 309; palisades 162; Peace and Plenty 73; Santa Catalina 266; Santo Domingo exploded 102, 105; siegeworks 270; in the sortie 248–50, 252, 253–5, 257; Spanish laboratory 222–3; water engines (fire engines) 194, 329, 368, 380; see also carcasses, fireships, red-hot shot
fireships 136–9, 140, 184, 187, 222
firewood see fuel
fireworks 370, 379
First World War 386
fish 22, 48, 67, 69, 93, 229, 237, 371; salt 127, 159
fishermen/fishing 2, 12, 86, 93
fishing boats 86, 116, 164
flags of truce/parleys 83–4, 162, 296, 339, 345, 359, 360, 364–5
Flewter, Andrew 376
flints see muskets
floating batteries (battering ships, junk ships) 140, 281, 287, 290–2, 307, 311, 340, 341, 344, 345, 347, 349, 351, 353, 356, 359, 361, 362, 369, 372; armament 321; attack 317–29; casualties 338–9; construction 275, 291–2; converted ships 275, 278, 282; d’Arcon’s plan 273–6, 278–9, 291, 319, 327, 376–7; destruction of 330–43, 353; feast of St Louis 299; first trial 294–5; on medals 386, 387; preparations for attack 307–8, 312–16, 318; priests 337, 340; red-hot shot 280, 319, 324–8, 331, 339
flogging see punishments
flour 25, 159, 205, 288; cargo 106, 165–6, 171, 175; hair powder 25; personal store 120; price of 92, 174; shortage of 82–3, 92, 182; see also bakers, bread
flux (fever) 83, 127, 268, 279; see also typhus
Folkestone, Kent 77
Fontenoy, Battle of 49
food see bread, butter, cheese, dinners, fish, fruit, meat, poultry, rations, vegetables
Forbes (Lower Forbes) 162, 180, 244, 250, 277, 313, 367
Fort St Barbara, Spain 17, 245, 251, 287, 374; bombardment 18, 90, 236; Childers 23; Peace and Plenty 71–4; reconnaissance 162; reconstruction 32, 47–8; and Spanish Lines 17, 251
Fort St Philip (St Philip’s Castle), Minorca 8, 229, 258–9, 260, 263–6
Fort St Philip, Spain 48, 299, 374; bombardment 18, 47, 86, 89, 91, 228; reconstruction 32; in sortie 250–1, 255; and Spanish Lines 17
Fort Tunara, Spain 344
Fortune 135, 210, 211
Fox, Charles James 356–7
Franklin, Benjamin 198
Freire, Don Vicente Vasquez (artillery) 251, 260, 405
fruit/fruit trees 14, 48, 127, 156, 229, 258, 279, 298; see also lemons, oranges
fuel 28, 80–1, 82, 111, 159, 182, 216, 280, 325; coal 80, 82, 91, 111, 166, 203, 206, 280, 325, 346, 367, 371; firewood/wood 72, 80, 82, 86, 92, 138, 159, 275, 280, 367, 371
Fuller, Trayton 111
Fullingford, John (56th) 180
funerals see burials
furniture 49, 142, 192, 193, 205, 206, 207, 217, 225
fuses see shells
gabions 28, 227
galleys (row galleys) 24, 71, 76, 80, 96, 142, 145–6, 176
gangrene 233
gardens/gardeners 12, 13, 14, 48, 71, 117–18, 163–4, 238, 258, 297, 362, 374; market 17, 22, 71, 83, 86, 135, 162, 163, 164, 177, 178, 244, 250, 345
garlic (poultice) 134
Garrison Library 47, 374, 388, 389
Geary, Francis (navy) 185
General Court Martial see courts-martial
Genoese: fishermen 93; inhabitants 12, 71, 193, 198, 201, 282–3, 312; ruled Corsica 289; in working parties 18–19, 27; see also Roman Catholic
George II xxvi, 49, 50
George III xxvi, 97, 240, 289, 300–1, 305, 369, 387; birthday celebrations 2, 224, 280; Eliott 50, 379–80, 385–6; Hanover 115; and Royal Navy 43–4, 186, 208–9
German regiments see regiments (Hanoverian)
Gibraltar 135
Gibson, Lieutenant (navy) 170
Gledstanes: Elizabeth 157–8, 159; George (72nd) 157, 158
goats 87, 297
Godwin, John (artillery) 51, 151
Gordon, Walter (73rd) 288–9, 339, 340, 361, 399; on Boyd 322; on conditions in Gibraltar 117, 175, 258; on fire-fighting 194, 329; on floating batteries 333–4; on Moonlight Battle 105; on peace 365; on shells 59; on sortie 241–2, 244–5
Gosport, Hampshire xxiv, 34, 301, 303
gout 22, 368
Governor’s: Look-out 116; Meadow 90, 163; Parade 91; Street 91
Grand Battery see batteries
Grand Parade (John Mackintosh Square) 18, 57, 152, 153, 173, 204, 213, 215, 243, 244
Grantham, Lord 35, 354
grapeshot 72–3, 83, 146, 163, 165, 276
Grasse, François Joseph, comte de (navy) 185, 240, 288
Green, Charlotte 14, 124, 128, 131–2, 222, 226
Green, Miriam (Mrs Green) 15, 87–8, 117, 129, 145, 172, 190; on artillery experiments 169–70; attitudes to Spaniards 14, 31, 119, 129, 142; on bombardments 164, 167; on bombproofs 148, 221–2, 223; on Boyd 125, 126, 152; children 14, 118, 128, 131–2, 225–6; criticism of Duff/navy 23, 47, 79–80, 107, 121, 145, 146, 184; death 289; on deserters 61, 158, 168, 179; diary/journal 30, 79, 118, 123–4, 223; on duel 151; on Eliott 50; on Dixon (Betty) 132, 133–4; on fireships 137, 141; on first shots 55, 91–2, 110; on funeral party fired at 90; on gunboats 211, 222, 223; illness 123–4, 159–60, 222, 225; on inoculation 96, 112, 128, 133, 145; on lack of supplies/bad food/high prices 25, 107, 127, 145, 147, 159, 166, 171, 173; on Langara 108; letters 118, 172; life 13–14, 289, 388; on Logie 25, 147; on Mawhood 150–1; on Mrs Gledstanes 157–8, 159; on punishments 89, 181–2; on street paving removed 57; on Peace and Plenty 74; on Prince William 117–18; on privateers 23; returned to England 223, 225–6; on Ross (Charles) 124–5, 126, 149, 152–3, 173; on secret dispatches 170; on smallpox 74, 93, 94, 112, 127–8, 131–2, 133–4, 144–5; on storms 168–9; on telescopes 31, 142; The Mount 14, 49, 141, 221, 388; on Rodney’s convoy 106–7, 110, 112; on William Green 13, 52, 160; on Young Sabine 165–
6
Green, William (engineers) 13, 91, 134, 169, 226, 277, 357; American Club 319; bereavement 289; bombproof 148; career 13, 376; court-martial of Ross 152; and Duc de Crillon 367; and Eliott 50, 51–2, 277, 285; family 13–14; on floating batteries 314, 320–1, 326; fortifications of Gibraltar 15, 274, 320; health 117, 134; Holloway 30–1; on Howe’s convoy 315; at Mawhood’s funeral 151; The Mount 14, 57, 361, 388; official residence 75; Soldier-Artificer Company 94
Green Island (Isla Verde), Spain 25
Green’s Lodge see batteries
grenades 243
Grumley, John (artillery) 28–9
Guadaranque river 86, 161, 344
Guillasa, Bartholome 86
gunboats 140–2, 144, 164, 167, 172, 210, 220, 224, 236, 239, 285–6, 294, 313, 351; attacks on camps 216, 221, 223, 230–1; attack New Mole 164, 166; and black-out 167; and Darby’s convoy 187, 199, 203; Darby’s warning 208; daytime battle 363–4; description 141, 165; Dolphin captured 145; in floating battery attack 278, 291, 295, 307–8, 314, 327–8, 341; hospital targeted 221, 231, 361; in hurricane 347; King’s Bastion targeted 232; of Royal Navy 266, 270, 278–9, 280, 288, 334–6, 344, 360, 361; St Michael attacked 359–60, 361; try to destroy Panther 140–1; see also mortar boats, prames
gunfire (morning/evening) 51–2, 121
gunpowder (powder) 3, 136, 322, 361; barrels 53, 73, 269, 296; brought by ordnance vessels 266, 286; cartridges 29–30, 54, 103, 281, 325, 340; from Howe’s convoy 351; manufacture 53; in mining 278, 287, 358; Minorca 263; for mortars 60; for muskets 29–30, 198; from Rodney’s convoy 116, 192; shells 58, 59, 60, 213, 231; smell 54, 197; Spanish 53; thrown overboard 334; see also magazines, shells (manufacture)
guns see cannons
the Gut 15, 76, 105, 176, 187; see also Strait of Gibraltar
hair 25, 89
Halliday, William 82
Hamilton, Henry (56th) 195, 217, 221
Hamilton, Mr (merchant) 146
Hamilton, Mrs 91–2, 146
Hammerton, Edward (12th) 270
hanging see punishments
Hanover, Germany 115
Hanoverian see regiments
Hardy, Charles (navy) 38–9, 40, 41, 42–3, 44–5, 46, 96, 97, 185
Hardy, Josiah 35
Hardy’s Town 213, 214, 294; see also Black Town
Harlech Castle, Wales 3–4
Hartley, Caleb (artillery) 286
Hassan, Abraham (58th) 294; Hannah 294, 406
hats xix–xx, 67, 115, 310–11; bonnets 98
Havana, Cuba 50, 379
Heathfield, Lord see Eliott
Heathfield, Sussex 379, 382–3
Heighington, Captain 262
Henry 260
Hercules 4–5
Heriot, John 248–9, 250, 251–2, 255, 257
Holland/Netherlands 6, 7, 49, 68, 160, 295, 361
Holloway, Charles (engineers) 24, 30, 32, 60, 65, 71–2, 395
Hood, Samuel 113–14
Hope 218, 219
Horn, Elizabeth (‘Betty’) xxii, 373; John (navy) xxii, 394
Hornsby, George (56th) 180
Horsbrugh, James (39th) 23, 24, 83–4, 172, 259, 273; on artillery experiments 56, 178; on bombardments 56, 86–7, 190–1, 204, 205, 224–5, 228; on Boyd 20, 245; career 19–20; on Darby’s convoy 211; on deserters 61, 67, 130, 138, 177, 238; diary/journal 23; on Eliott 21–2, 50–1, 116, 245; family 19–20, 21, 395; on floating batteries 275; on food 171; on fuel 86; on gunboats 140–1, 166, 167, 224; on Hanoverian troops 179–80; on marauding soldiers 196; on Langara 120; on miners 281; on mules 83–4, 135, 167; on Palerano 406; on Prince William 115–16; on Rock Gun 63–4; on Rodney’s convoy 110; on Ross (Charles) 152; on sodomy 270; on sortie 243, 245, 249–50, 253–4; on Spanish camp 113, 225; on Spanish casualties 57, 251; on Spanish preparations 48, 130, 134–5, 167, 237–8, 278; Spanish-speaking 108; on temporary shelters 57; on tunnelling 281; on vegetable raids 163; on water 126; on weather 83, 90, 149, 244
Horsbrugh, Margaret (‘Peggy’) 19–20, 21, 50, 395
horses 16, 25–6, 37, 52, 55–6, 57, 84, 90, 134, 154, 227, 367, 383
hospitals 63, 91, 95, 117, 127, 154, 156, 202, 259, 264–5, 306–7, 324; see also naval hospital
Houdan-Deslandes, François-Silvain-Denis 313; authorship 406; bombardment 298–9, 309, 311, 345; career 292, 377; Comte d’Artois 292–3, 306–7; on Curtis 339; death 377; Duc de Bourbon 306–7; on floating batteries 307–8, 312, 314, 315–16, 318, 320, 321, 322, 326, 328, 330, 332, 333, 334, 338, 341–2; French and Spanish forces 293–4, 295, 296, 298, 349; on Howe’s convoy 349; on hurricane 347; religious service 306–7
Howe, Richard (navy) 176, 300, 345–6
Howe’s convoy xvii, 300–1, 304, 315, 345–54, 354, 355; see also Royal George
howitzers 52, 53, 169, 324, 328
hunting/shooting 2, 143
huts 48, 90, 154, 162, 205, 213, 214, 217, 225, 279, 347
Hyaena 114, 166, 170
ice 296, 298
illness see disease
Ince, Henry (artificer) 277–8, 281, 284, 285, 287, 359, 368
influenza/colds 94, 121, 284, 292, 306
Ingram, James (navy) xviii–xx, xxi–xxii, 394
injuries 72, 170, 306, 363; bursting guns 166; caused by shells 59, 68, 197, 201, 205, 213, 217, 221, 223, 224–5, 230–5, 238, 269, 281–2, 360, 361; deserters wounded 84; fireships 138; first civilian 91–2, 146, 195; in floating battery attack 324, 326, 338–9, 350; in flood 170; by gunboats 216–17; by gunpowder explosion 296; in hospital 202, 231; Langara 108, 115; maimed veterans 384; in red-hot shot trial 281, 309–10; by shot 236, 268–9, 359; in sortie 242, 245, 248–9, 251–2, 256
inoculation see smallpox
insanity 61
the inundation 13, 17, 22, 67, 90, 163, 244, 277
invasion of Britain 32, 33–46, 47, 135, 228, 272–3, 348
Inverness, Scotland 36
Ireland 50, 68, 89, 199, 376; see also Belfast, Cork, Dublin
Irish Town 57, 58, 62, 74, 116, 180, 197, 219
Irving, John (73rd) 363
Isabella of Castile 5–6
Isle of Wight xvii, 34, 98; see also Spithead
Israel, Abraham 87, 199–200, 207, 212–13, 217; Moses 199, 207
isthmus (neutral zone) 230, 249, 290, 335, 344, 360–1; advance works/siegeworks 18, 161–3, 164, 166, 167, 169, 189, 232, 237–9, 242, 245–55, 257, 260–1, 270, 274, 278, 280, 292, 293–4, 295–6, 308–10, 341, 344, 356; airfield 15; description 17, 374; deserters 144; duel fought 151; expected ground assault 329; flags of truce 162; location 15; neutral territory 17; Peace and Plenty ran ashore 72; in Peninsular War 375; rubbish 162; sand drifts 169; sand dunes levelled 18–19, 27; targeted by guns 261, 358; used for quarantine 26, 74; see also Bayside, Devil’s Tower, Forbes, gardens (market), inundation, St Carlos battery, sortie, Spanish Lines
Jackson, Thomas (artificer) 358–9
James, Thomas (artillery) 17, 62, 80, 92, 95
Jews/Jewish 11, 12, 13, 57; assaulted 181; books 200; burial ground 92; hospital 95; joined army 294; killed 217; left Gibraltar 207, 213, 219, 265; and meat 175; merchants 75, 76, 87, 182, 198–200, 207, 217; and Morocco 75; numbers 75, 214; occupations 75, 76, 294; Portsmouth xix, xxiii, xxiv; and smallpox 74–5, 94; and Spain 6, 27, 75; synagogues 27, 75, 111, 213; in working parties 18–19, 27, 169; see also Hardy’s town
journals/diaries 10, 14, 30–1, 47, 55, 78, 80, 118, 123–4, 395, 402; see also Boyd’s journal
Juanico, Antonio 267
junk ships see floating batteries
Kellett, William (39th) 124, 125, 151
Kelly, Samuel xxv
Kempenfelt, Richard (navy) xxi, 300, 301, 303
Ker, John (navy) 303
King’s Bastion 166, 205, 232, 235, 320, 321
, 363; Boyd 320, 383; floating batteries 322, 323, 324, 332; Mrs Upton 193–5; red-hot shot 281; stolen goods hidden 220
King’s Chapel 14, 62, 92, 151, 235, 377
King’s Lines 232, 261, 284–5, 311
Kite 185
Koehler, George Frederick (artillery) 261–2, 276, 382
laboratories 32, 54, 222–3, 231, 286
ladders 221, 245, 302, 345, 358
Landmann, George Thomas 149, 379–80, 381–2
Landport (Landport Gate) 16, 83, 91, 163, 190, 223, 284, 313–14, 345; deserters 67, 177; entrance/exit to town 16, 26–7; guard 67, 73, 269, 314; sortie 244–5, 250, 253
Land’s End, Cornwall 41
Langara, Don Juan de (navy) 102, 109, 119, 120, 377; and French 114; Moonlight Battle 102–5, 108; and Mrs Green 108, 119; Phoenix/Fenix 103, 108; and Prince William 116; on prisoner exchange 114; and Rodney 102, 108; wounded 108, 115
languages 11, 12, 34, 49, 82, 138, 220; Gaelic 99
Lark xviii, 302, 372
Latona 348, 353