Ancell, Samuel (58th) 65, 162, 211, 248, 288, 337; begins journal 55; on bombardments 189, 194, 201, 202, 212, 237, 311; on bravery 310; on the Buck 77–8; on cattle 154; on coinage 70–1; on conditions in Spanish camp 82–3, 306; on Darby’s convoy 184, 185, 188, 203–4; on death 179, 217, 269; description 55; on deserters 167; early life 54–5; on Eliott 297; on expected assault 129–31; on fireships 136–7; on first shots 56; on floating batteries 275, 276, 287, 307, 314, 318, 322, 324, 335; on gunboats 140–1, 144; on improved defences 148; on inhabitants 56–7, 205; on lack of supplies/rotten food 69, 82, 92–3, 159, 182, 298; on marauding soldiers 163, 196–8; on Minorca 175; on peace 364, 365; on prices 183; on prisoners-of-war 338; on punishments 219, 220, 363; on red-hot shot 287, 309, 310, 325, 326–7; on Rock Gun 64; on Rodney’s convoy 96, 106, 110, 113; on scurvy 262; on smallpox 133; on the sortie 249, 255; on street paving removed 169; subsequent career 376; verse 305; on the Young Sabine 165–6
Andalusia, Spain 1, 16, 310, 365
apes see monkeys
Ape’s Hill, Morocco 87, 149, 176, 374
Apollo 107, 266, 267
apothecaries 95, 398; see also diseases, surgeons
Aranda, Count of 272
Ardent 39, 44
army see artificers, artillery, barracks, cavalry, engineers, militia, fencibles, officers, rank-and-file, regiments
artificers (Soldier-Artificer Company) 13, 94, 128, 243, 246, 269, 277, 280, 325; see also Ince, Jackson, Koehler, Lloyd, Parsons, Paterson, Richmond, Rogers, Whitham, Williams
artillery (Royal Artillery, artillerymen, gunners) 13, 28, 31, 52–4, 80, 166, 170, 224, 231, 243–4, 246, 248, 250, 251–3, 255, 261, 263, 264, 280–1, 286, 322–9, 344, 368, 370, 379–80; matrosses 29, 241, 253, 258; Spanish 32 , 177, 242, 245, 248–9, 251; see also Bell (Charles), Brand, Campbell, Cuppage, Dixon, Freire, Godwin, Grumley, Hartley, James, Lloyd, Martin, Paterson, Paton, Webber
artillery (weapons) 52–4; experiments 169–70, 178–9, 358; see also cannons, howitzers, mortars
artillery parks 129, 161, 238, 356
Atlantic Ocean 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 79, 184, 203, 352, 385
Atlas Mountains 16
Ayala, Ignacio Lopez de 11–12, 14, 75–6
bakers xx, xxi, 82, 83, 159, 182; see also bread, flour
Balchen, John xx, xxii
Barbary see Morocco
Barboza, Joseph 249
Barcelo, Antonio (navy) 111, 135, 138, 140–2, 146–7, 159, 163; good officer 30; pirates 24; reconnaissance 142; replaced 211; his ships/squadron 25, 30, 76, 78, 109–10, 121–2, 136, 142
Barcelona, Spain 7, 229
barracks 13, 36, 95, 98, 99, 167, 190, 191, 195, 208, 224, 278, 293, 394; Bedlam (Bethlam) 57, 207, 213; South 13, 141, 201, 213, 225, 238, 360, 394; Town Range 394
barrels/casks xviii, xxii, 28, 53, 64, 69, 72, 198, 204, 205, 206, 225, 238, 269, 282, 294, 296, 340
bastions 16, 227; Montague’s (Montagu’s) 164, 167, 190, 321, 401; Orange’s 321, 347, 356; South Bastion 65, 286, 322, 337, 363; see also King’s Bastion, Line Wall
batteries 16, 27, 52, 60, 162, 246–8, 276–7, 285, 287, 310, 325, 341, 358, 364, 375; Farrington’s 72, 277; Grand Battery 162, 190, 254, 309; Green’s Lodge 51, 54, 55, 58, 60, 63, 72, 278; Mahon (Spanish) 292, 293, 309, 310, 345; on Minorca 259, 263; Princess Ann’s 258, 281–2; Prince William’s 228; Queen Charlotte’s 51, 54; Royal 288; St Martin’s (Spanish) 239, 242, 244, 246–7, 310; St Paschal’s (Pascual’s) (Spanish) 239, 242, 244, 347; Spur 269; Well 167; see also floating batteries, mortar batteries, St Carlos, Willis’s
battering rams 3
battering ships see floating batteries
Baynes, Alexander 94
Baynes, Arthur 93, 94, 96, 124, 127–9, 131, 132–4, 150, 160
Bay: of Algeciras 15, 275, 315; of Gibraltar 15, 16, 17, 79, 108, 161; and passim
bayonets 30, 197, 290
Bayside 135, 162, 244, 250, 313, 345, 367
Bedford 101, 103
Bedlam (Bethlam) Barracks 57, 207, 213
beef see meat
Belfast, Ireland 71, 292
Bell, Charles (artillery) 241, 242
Bell, John 256
Benider, Abraham 217, 218
Bickerton, Richard 41
Bienfaisant 101, 103, 108
birds 143, 227, 296, 298, 316; see also poultry
biscuits 120, 174, 204, 206
blackstrap/blackstrapped 78, 79
Black Town 213, 217; see also Hardy’s Town
blockade xxvi, 3, 24, 30, 47, 71, 87, 113, 164, 171, 176, 288, 340, 345, 354, 356; of Brest 185; food supplies affected 25, 68, 155; lifting 80, 121–2; of Port Mahon/Minorca 175–6, 177, 263; Spanish strategy 22, 31; evaded by vessels 24, 27, 71–3, 76, 87, 127, 134, 135, 142, 199, 262
bomb-boats see mortar boats
bombproofs 148, 190, 195, 214, 221–2, 223, 232, 247
bombs see shells
Bonaparte see Napoleon Bonaparte
books/reading 49, 85, 200, 204, 249, 374, 383–4, 388–9
booksellers 81, 82
Bourbon, Duc de 294, 295, 297, 306, 308
Boyd, Arabella 20, 21
Boyd, Robert (39th, Lieutenant-Governor) 51, 151, 196, 214, 245, 249, 260, 298, 322, 357, 377; Arabella (his wife) 20–1; early career 19; and Eliott 19, 21; feud with Ross 124–6, 152–3, 173–4, 243; gout 368; as governor 383; King’s Bastion 320; officers’ pay 181; red-hot shot attack 309
Boyd’s journal 253, 268, 310, 322, 339, 402; authorship 196, 260, 402; on bombardment of Gibraltar 216–17, 221, 230, 269, 279, 281–2, 311, 344, 359, 366; on floating batteries 321; on marauding soldiers 195, 201–2, 215, 312; on merchants 201–2, 214; on navy 207; on punishments 220, 363; on sortie 250; on tunnelling 285, 359
Brand, John (‘Shot’, artificer) 269
bread 24, 61, 67, 68, 82, 90, 113, 154, 182, 183, 197, 238, 347; see also bakers, flour
Brest, France 34, 44, 45, 46, 96, 108, 185, 240
Brilliant 171, 176–7, 210, 211, 246, 344, 363, 369
Britannia xxvi, 41, 185, 208
Brookes, Sergeant (12th) 221
brushwood see fascines
Buck 76–9, 80, 134
Budworth, Joseph (72nd) 9, 195, 398
Buena Vista 145, 205, 359, 363
bullocks see cattle
Bumper 13
burials (funerals, cemeteries) xxvi, 89–90, 216, 217, 227, 237, 314, 345, 377, 378; Catholic 92; destroyed in bombardment 258; of Eliott 382–3; on isthmus (near Governor’s Meadow) 17, 90, 92, 238; Jews 92; in King’s Bastion 383; in King’s Chapel 14, 92, 151; of Mrs Green 289; on red sands 92; of Royal George victims xxv–xxvi, 303; at Southport 92, 150–1, 235, 398; of Spanish officer 345; of von Helmstadt 256–7
Burke, Edward 83, 162, 235
Burleigh, Charles (39th) 29
butter 112, 127, 166, 171, 174, 204, 297
Byng, John 8, 19, 126
Cabrita Point, Spain 148, 161, 165, 184, 187, 323
Cadiz, Spain 23, 46, 158–9, 228, 272, 279, 315; floating batteries 274–5, 290; Moonlight Battle 102, 104–5; port 7, 35; Spanish fleet 35, 46, 100, 158, 186, 228, 315
Cairncross, Andrew (73rd) 117, 156–7, 161, 232–3, 234
Calpe 4
Camp Bay 172
Campbell, Private (artillery) 252
camps 36, 37; Coxheath Camp 35; Gibraltar 28, 205–6, 208, 211, 213, 216, 217, 279, 350, 360, 361; Spanish/French 30, 48, 60, 82, 84, 90, 113, 114, 129–31, 153–4, 161, 223, 225, 227, 239, 242, 270, 278, 283, 290, 296, 305, 308, 330, 332, 343, 347, 364, 374, 375, 376; see also Hardy’s Town, tents
cannonballs see shot
cannons (guns, long guns) 116, 131, 169, 250, 254, 255; brass 246, 247, 291, 321, 361–2, 369, 372; burst 166; carriages 18, 32, 48, 52–3, 246–7, 248, 281, 3
58, 369; Carron 166; depressing gun carriages 261–2; dismounted 72; elevated carriage 358; firing 52–3; of floating batteries 275, 291, 307, 321, 323, 328, 333, 361–2, 369, 372; in gunboats 141, 165, 334, 347; iron 361, 372; moving/hauling 27, 32, 48, 63–5, 72; naval xvii, xix, xxvi, 76, 103, 111, 301–2, 305, 372; range 18, 190–1, 261, 358; shells fired 58, 59, 60; spiking 246; stolen goods hidden 220; in tunnels 287; see also howitzers, mortars, shells, shot
Cape Finisterre 99, 186
Cape Mola, Minorca 228
Cape St Vincent 101, 186
Cape Spartel 105; Battle of 352–3
carcasses 73, 298, 309, 326
Careless, Jack 197–8
Carlos II (of Spain) 7
Carlos III (of Spain) 9, 138, 272, 342, 344
Carpenter, John 39–40
Carrell, Ned xix, 394
Cartagena, South America 14; Spain 172
Carteia, Spain 48
Carter, Francis 15, 16, 48, 142, 143
carts xxvi, 55, 56, 90–1, 129, 238
casemates 195, 202, 205, 208, 214, 220, 227
castle and key (coat-of-arms) 6
castles 3–4, 17; Harlech 3–4; Moorish 27, 54, 92; Southsea xviii, xx; see also Fort St Philip (Minorca)
Catalan Bay 375
Catholic see Roman Catholic
cats 26, 183, 227
cattle/bullocks 69, 112, 113, 154, 155, 369; see also cows, meat, oxen
cavalry 4, 13, 26, 32, 49–50, 56, 65, 84, 134, 154, 209, 307, 344
caves 15, 143, 214, 279, 284, 285, 312, 358
Cawsand, Cornwall 39, 98
Cerberus 266, 267
Ceuta, north Africa 4, 24, 25, 122, 146, 148,170, 177, 272, 352, 374; Abyla 4; Spanish territory 5–8, 25, 113
chandeliers 162, 165, 167
Channel see English Channel
Channel Islands 34
Charles II (of England) 6
cheese 166, 171, 204, 297
Childers 22, 23
children 82, 159, 293, 376; British subjects 11; in bombardment 188, 192, 213, 216, 230; in fireship attack 136; in invasion attempt 40; Jewish 74–5, 94, 207, 219; of military families 13–14, 20, 21–2, 71, 82, 88, 92, 93–4, 120, 151, 157–8, 180, 182, 190, 202, 205–6, 216–17, 219, 223, 225–6, 258, 263, 268–9, 324, 351, 360, 383; and peace 365; rescued from floating battery 335; Rodney’s 98; in Royal George xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, 301; scurvy 157; shot dead 279; as servants 13; smallpox 3, 74–5, 93, 112, 128, 131, 133–4, 144–5; see also Green (Charlotte), Evelegh (Henry)
Chisholm, Thomas (56th) 195, 202, 236
Christmas 86, 97–8, 171, 263, 361
Churchill, Winston 387–8
Church of St Mary the Crowned see Spanish church
clergymen (parsons, priests) 89, 90, 172, 289, 294, 337, 339, 340; see also Messa
climate see weather
clothing (dress) xx, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, 11, 67, 152, 190, 192, 200, 201, 206, 207, 363, 376; colonels responsible for 19; of deserters 168, 237; in funeral 156–7; of Hanoverians 180; of 73rd Highlanders 98, 99, 252, 280, 368; laundry 81; lice-infested 101; Moorish 25; of seamen 77, 115, 306, 335
coal see fuel
cobs see money
Cockburn, George 373–5
codes 34–5; see also invisible writing
College Lane 191
Columbus, Christopher 6
Conquy, Samuel 200
the Convent 62, 169, 191, 214, 374; deserters imprisoned 242; Duc de Crillon 368; Eliott 21, 62, 214; Horsbrugh 21; officers dined at 125, 370; tables made for 340
cooking/baking 82, 86, 159, 182, 197, 205
Cordoba, Luis (Cordoba y Cordoba, Don Luis de) (navy) 158, 186, 319, 330, 331, 347, 351, 354
Cork, Ireland 89, 186, 281
Cornwallis, Charles 185, 240, 293, 308
Cornwallis, Edward 19, 20, 21, 240
Corsicans: at Minorca 265; prisoners 369; volunteer soldiers 288, 289, 290, 338, 339, 350
Corunna, Spain 33, 34, 36
costs see money, prices
courts-martial 8, 89, 125, 152–3, 173, 180, 181, 218, 265, 270, 303–4, 312
cows 93; see also cattle
Coxheath Camp, Kent 35
Cranfield, Thomas (39th) 60, 182–3, 191, 260–1, 377–8
Crillon, Félix-François-Dorothée des Balbes de Berton, Comte de 259, 265, 308, 309
Crillon, Louis de Berton des Balbes, Duc de 228, 296–7; career 228, 377; end of siege 364, 366–7; father of Comte de Crillon 308; floating batteries 319, 324, 330–1, 339; Gibraltar siege 270, 272, 274, 283, 287, 292–4, 299, 309, 329, 341, 343–5, 377; letter to Eliott 296; Minorca siege 228–9, 258–60, 263, 283, 377; visited Gibraltar 368–9
crimes 89, 181, 362–3; assault 181–2, 362; Boyd insulted by Ross 152; bribery 259–60; murder 14, 195, 218, 279; mutiny 236; raiding vegetables 83, 135, 163, 250; rape 5, 195, 218; sodomy 270; theft, robbery, looting 89, 180, 195–7, 199–200, 202, 204, 205, 207, 215, 218–20, 270, 312, 335, 362–3; treachery 61, 68, 84, 244, 267, 354; see also deserters, drunkenness, punishments
Cumberland, Richard Dennison xx–xxi, xxii, xxiv, 302–3
Cuninghame, James (39th) 213
Cupar, Scotland 10, 395, 402
Cuppage, William (artillery) 252
currents/tides xxv, 5, 77, 78–9, 110, 303, 348, 349
Curtis, Roger (navy) 267, 348, 351, 357, 369; career 176, 305, 367; carried news to Britain 349, 353; confirmed peace 367; gunboats 270; Marine Brigade 305, 334; Minorca 177, 210–11; passage to Gibraltar 176–7; rescue of Spaniards 334–5, 337, 339, 341
Dallin, Edward 108
dancing 308, 312, 374
Darby’s convoy 185–7, 189, 199, 210, 211, 261, 269, 345
d’Arçon, Jean-Claude-Eléonor Le Michaud 273, 321, 327, 331, 342, 377, 406; attack plan 272–5, 278, 291, 320, 327; floating batteries 273–5, 291, 319–20, 323, 327, 331, 342
Dartmoor, Devon 40
d’Artois, Comte (future Charles X of France) 291, 296, 297, 306, 326, 342; arrival 292–3, 392; Comte de Crillon 308; Duc de Bourbon (cousin) 294; floating batteries 294–5, 326, 342
Deane, Charles and John 372–3
De La Motte, Baron August 51, 151, 257
Delhoste, Peter (72nd) 205–6
Denmark 160
depressing gun carriages see cannons
deserters 61, 144, 153, 167–8, 179–80, 181, 219, 236–7, 267, 270, 313, 359; bodies found 61, 167–8, 237; executed 84–5, 130; fired at 84, 180, 270; flogged 153; seamen from St Michael 359; from Spain 67–8, 84–5, 87, 90, 113–14, 130–1, 138, 154, 158, 177–8, 221, 238–9, 242, 244–5, 267, 299, 358–9, 376; tricked Landport guard 67
d’Estaing, Charles Henri, comte 162, 356
Dettingen, Battle of 49
Devil’s Tower 72, 90–1, 277, 358–9, 360, 375; tunnel 367
diaries see journals
Digby, Robert (navy) 97, 112, 115, 118, 120, 186, 371
dinners 87, 118–19, 149, 173, 222, 308, 361
diseases (illness, sickness) 3, 44, 45–6, 159, 177, 193, 240, 253; Mrs Green 123–4, 128, 159–60, 222, 225; Mawhood 149, 150; see also dysentery, influenza, scarlet fever, scurvy, smallpox, typhus, venereal disease
diving bells 372–3
Dixon, Captain (artillery) 263–4
Dixon, Elizabeth (‘Betty’) 132–4
doctors see surgeons
dogs 26, 159, 183, 227
dollars see money
Dollond, John 31
Dolphin 145–6
donkeys 200; see also mules
d’Orvilliers, Louis Guillouet, comte (navy) 34, 45
Dover, Kent 23, 304, 382, 395
Drake: Anne Pollexfen 49; Francis H
enry 2, 39–40, 49, 396; Francis William 40, 49, 396; see also Eliott
Draper, William 263
dress see clothing
Drinkwater, John (72nd) 2, 58, 109, 129, 161, 162, 211, 262–3, 269, 271, 299, 310–11, 316, 344, 345, 369; on apes 143–4; on artillery experiments 58, 63, 65–6; on bombardments 189, 213, 230, 231, 276; on the Buck 77, 78, 134; career 9, 388–9; on conditions before siege 2; on Corsicans 289–90; on Crillon 309; on currents 79; on Darby’s convoy 187, 206; on deserters 113, 130–1, 237; on Eliott 25, 68, 69, 211, 214, 216, 236; on the expected naval battle 350; on final shot of siege 365; on first shots 23, 91; on floating batteries and assault 283, 294–5, 307, 312–13, 317, 321, 325–6, 332, 333, 338, 340; on flour 25, 205; on fuel 82, 111; on gardens 163–4; on gunboats/mortar-boats 178, 186–7, 359–61, 363–5; on hair powder 25; on houses 61; on Howe’s convoy 349; on the hurricane 347; on improved/repaired defences 28, 261; on influenza 292; on the inhabitants 26, 312; journal 10, 389; on marauding soldiers 194–5; on the Minerva 351; on Moroccan ports in Spanish hands 147–8, 155; on peace 366, 367; published books 372, 388–9; on punishments 85; on red-hot shot 286, 309, 311, 325–6, 343; on Rodney’s convoy 107–8; on scurvy 156, 161; on siegeworks 32, 298; on soldiers’ pay 69–70; on siestas 212; on the sortie 245, 252; on spies 266; on spotters of enemy fire 268; on state of provisions 67, 92, 93, 127, 155, 175; on stolen goods 220; on tunnels/mines 287, 358; on wildlife 143–4
drowning xviii, xx, xxii, xxiv–xxvi, 237, 303
drums/drummers 20, 70, 119, 136, 137, 243, 257, 269, 282, 312, 359
drunkenness xxv, 118, 194–7, 199, 202, 210, 218, 219, 335, 374; see also alcohol
Dublin, Ireland 158, 376
duels 151–2
Duff, Helen 11, 22, 394, 395
Duff, Robert (navy) 11, 23–4, 51, 120–1; career 11, 22; criticism of 23–4, 47, 80, 107; left Gibraltar 120–1; ships at Gibraltar 22, 141; and Spanish church 62–3; at White Convent 62
Dumont, Pierre 293
Duncan, Henry (navy) 346, 347, 353
dysentery 287
eagles 316
Edgar 101, 102, 121, 135
Edward I 4
Edward IV 4
Eliott, Anne Pollexfen (née Drake) 50, 396
Eliott, George Augustus (Governor of Gibraltar, Lord Heathfield,) 40, 65, 78, 94, 171, 201, 223, 253, 259, 288, 306, 309, 313, 339, 357, 358, 360, 366, 372, 373; accommodation 62, 214–15, 244; in aftermath 376; and amputation 256; appointed governor 19, 21, 50; arrived at Gibraltar 21; on Cairncross 234; cargo of Vrow Helena 160; cats 26; in cavalry 26; celebrations 369–70; character 21, 49, 50–1, 339, 354; and civilians 18–19; codes 35; and Corsicans 289; and Crillon 296–7, 364, 367–9; criticism of 47, 71, 260; and Curtis 176, 210–11, 335, 348, 353; and Darby 203, 206; early life and career 49–50, 396; death and funeral 382–3; in England 378–80; exchange of gifts 296–7; first shot 55; and floating batteries 319–20, 322, 327, 335, 338, 353; French royalty 294, 296–7; in Germany 380–1; Governor’s Meadow 163; and Hanoverians 218, 386; and Horsbrugh 21–2, 67, 108, 116, 245, 249; illness 379–82; on influenza 284; invited Langara 108; and Koehler 261, 382; letter from Logie 147; letter from Ross 186; letter to Rodney 116; marriage 49, 50, 381–2; medals 385–6; message from Alvarez 162; Minorca convoy 210–11; orders given 18, 22, 25–6, 68, 71, 74, 82, 92, 111, 120, 136, 167, 207, 213, 216, 225, 236, 241, 262, 266–7, 277, 285; petition from officers 181; punishments 61, 89, 153, 173, 180, 182, 218–19, 220, 363; reports for London 218; and Ross 173; salt fish bought 127; San Roque visits 1, 3, 367–8; sleep 66; smallpox inoculation 96, 112, 128–9, 145; sortie 190, 208, 241–6, 248, 249–50, 251; his steward Mackay 191, 255, 278, 382; theatre banned 362; on tourniquets 236; and tunnels 277, 285; vegetarian 68–9, 296; on war with France 2; weakness 235; wine to Francis Drake 2