Hearne, Samuel, 111
Henry, William, Chemical Catechism, 4
Henslow, Rev. John Stevens, 9, 22, 24, 229, 268; 24 August 1831 letter to CD, 11; CD’s [5 September 1831] letter to, 12; CD’s [26 October–] 24 November 1832 letter to, 34; CD’s 18 April 1835 letter to, 249; CD’s 6 May 1849 letter to, 227
Herbert, J. M., CD’s 2 June 1833 letter to, 32
Herbert, John Rogers (artist), 279
Hereditary Genius (Galton), 196
heredity, 63, 108, 137, 138–43, 194
hermaphrodites, 85, 86, 87, 89, 169
Herschel, Sir John, 95, 151–52; A Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy, 10
Hieracium, 120
Hippocrates, 141
history, 3
hive-bees, 190–91, 199–200
HMS Beagle, xi, xiv, xvi, 11–23, 24, 40, 43, 69, 107, 217, 226, 244
Hodge, Charles, 164
Holmgren, Frithiof, CD’s 18 April 1881 letter to, 247–48
home-sickness, 18, 21
Hooker, Joseph Dalton, 71, 100; and CD as forestalled, 100–101; and CD on Abutilon darwinii, 169; and CD on Chambers, 91; and CD on cruelty of nature, 70; and CD on death of son, 76; and CD on descent, 68; and CD on Drosera, 168; and CD on end of earth, 252; and CD on experimentation, 235, 236; and CD on hermaphrodites, 85, 86; and CD on Jenkin, 163; and CD on Lamarck, 90; and CD on observation, 85; and CD on orchids, 165, 166–67; and CD on primordial soup, 145–46; and CD on priority, 99; and CD on species, 68–69; and CD on spiritualism, 237–38; and CD on variation, 88; CD’s disagreements with, 96; CD’s friendship with, 269; and CD’s health, 227–28, 229–30; and CD’s hothouse, 168; and CD’s use of creation as term, 145; character of, 268; and German, 292; legacy for, 259; CD’s [11 January 1844] letter to, 90; CD’s 11 January 1844 letter to, 65; CD’s [7 January 1845] letter to, 91; CD’s [16 April 1845] letter to, 165; CD’s 11–12 July 1845 letter to, 68; CD’s 10 September 1845 letter to, 68–69; CD’s [3 September 1846] letter to, 165; CD’s [2 October 1846] letter to, 84–85; CD’s [6 November 1846] letter to, 85; CD’s 10 May 1848 letter to, 85, 86; CD’s 13 June [1850] letter to, 88; CD’s 5 June [1855] letter to, 165; CD’s 13 July [1856] letter to, 70; CD’s 15 January [1858] letter to, 227–28; CD’s [29 June 1858] letter to, 76, 99; CD’s 13 [July 1858] letter to, 100–101; CD’s 23 January [1859] letter to, 101; CD’s 1 September [1859] letter to, 228; CD’s 30 May [1860] letter to, 158–59; CD’s 4 December [1860] letter to, 168; CD’s 15 January [1861] letter to, 269; CD’s 23 [April 1861] letter to, 229; CD’s 19 June [1861] letter to, 165; CD’s 30 January [1862] letter to, 166–67; CD’s 9 February [1862] letter to, 235; CD’s 9 [April 1862] letter to, 229–30; CD’s 24 December [1862] letter to, 233; CD’s 15 February [1863] letter to, 168; CD’s 26 [March 1863] letter to, 236; CD’s [29 March 1863] letter to, 145; CD’s [27 January 1864] letter to, 168; CD’s 26[–27] March [1864] letter to, 230; letter of [11 June 1864] to CD from, 279; CD’s 9 February [1865] letter to, 252; CD’s [29 July 1865] letter to, 270; CD’s 25 December [1868] letter to, 269; CD’s 16 January [1869] letter to, 163; CD’s 1 February [1871] letter to, 145–46; CD’s 23 July [1871] letter to, 169; CD’s 18 January [1874] letter to, 237–38; and Wallace, 102; Wallace’s 6 October 1858 letter to, 101
Hope, T. C., 4
Horace, 274
Horner, Leonard, CD’s 29 August [1844] letter to, 29
horses, 25
humble-bees, 110
Humboldt, Alexander von, 269; letter to CD, 18 September 1839, 279; Personal Narrative, xii, 10
hunting, 6
Huxley, Henrietta Anne Heathorn, 202, 228–29
Huxley, Julian, 302
Huxley, Thomas Henry, 71, 153, 154, 157; character of, 269–70; on CD, 279; CD’s legacy for, 259; CD’s 26 September [1857] letter to, 71; CD’s 2 June [1859] letter to, 71–72; CD’s 27 November [1859] letter to, 80–81; CD’s 28 December [1859] letter to, 152; CD’s 3 July [1860] letter to, 159, 270; CD’s [5 July 1860] letter to, 158; CD’s 22 November [1860] letter to, 160; CD’s 22 February [1861] letter to, 228–29; CD’s 30 January [1868] letter to, 202; and Darrow, 305; letter to F. Dyster, 9 September 1860, 158; Nature obituary of CD by, 300
hypothesis, 142, 162, 239, 304–5. See also science
Ichneumonida, 134
iguana, land, 48
iguana, marine, 47
imagination, 221, 302
immortality, 221–22
indigenous peoples, 39–44, 176, 178, 193–94, 233, 255, 258–59; and belief in God, 220; elimination of weak, 210; and Fuegians as savages, 39–40; and gender, 187–88; mental requirements of, 174; and sexual selection, 181; skulls of, 183
induction, 151, 162
industrialization, xiii innate qualities, 10
Innes, J. B., 279–80
insects, 15, 55, 57, 65, 109, 111, 115, 120, 167, 235, 280
instincts, 47, 54, 67, 73, 114, 128–29, 132, 148, 181, 191, 198–201, 207, 221, 246, 255
intellect, 55, 178, 183, 193–97, 211–12, 213–14, 221
Iquique, Chile, 19
James, Alice, Diary, 303
Jameson, Robert, 4–5
Jenkin, Fleeming, 163
Jenny (orangutan at London zoo), 56–57
Jenyns, Leonard, 280
Journal (C. Darwin), 61, 70, 88
Journal of Researches (C. Darwin, 1839), xii; Beagle voyage in, 15–18, 19–21; and Galápagos Archipelago, 45–48; geology in, 25–28; and indigenous peoples, 44; and natural history collecting, 33–37; nature in, 249–51; religion in, 218; and slavery, 31; society in, 207–8; and transmutation of species, 54
Journal of Researches (C. Darwin, 1845), 49
Kant, Immanuel, 190
King’s College Chapel, Cambridge, 7–8
Kingsley, Rev. Charles, 144; A. R. Wallace’s 7 May 1869 letter to, 284–85
Kirby, William, 37
Krause, Ernst, Life of Erasmus Darwin, 263–64
lacrymal glands, 204
Lake District, UK, 292–93. See also Wordsworth, William
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste, 90, 92–93, 95, 154, 161
Lamb, Charles, 265
language, 177, 193
Lavater, Johann Kaspar, 13
laws. See scientific laws
Lawson, Mr. (resident on Galapagos), 45
Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 273
“A letter, containing remarks,” 1836 (FitzRoy and Darwin), 40, 43–44
Lettington, Henry (CD’s gardener), 280
Lewis, John (carpenter in Downe village), 281
Licinus beetle, 76
life, origin of, 144–46; as hidden from man, 67; as mystery of mysteries, 49
The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (F. Darwin, ed.), 258, 286–87, 288–93, 294–96, 297
Life of Erasmus Darwin (Krause), 263–64
Lincoln, Abraham, 303
Linnaeus, Carl, 238–39
Linnean Society of London, 99, 100, 102, 103, 229–30, 258, 280, 302
lion-ant, 37
Litchfield, Henrietta Emma Darwin (daughter), 78, 227, 281, 287, 293, 305; CD’s [March] 1870 letter to, 243; CD’s [8 February 1870] letter to, 242; CD’s 20 March 1871 letter to, 179–80; CD’s 4 September 1871 letter to, 63; CD’s 4 September [1871] letter to, 78; CD’s 4 January 1875 letter to, 247; Emma Darwin, 61
Litchfield, Richard, 63
lizards, 46–47, 48
Locke, John, 56
love, 221
Lubbock, John, 89, 270, 280, 298; CD’s 5 September [1862] letter to, 77, 235
Lyell, Charles, 53, 70, 96, 100, 256, 264; character of, 270–71; CD’s 30 July 1837 letter to, 53–54; CD’s [14] September [1838] letter to, 54; CD’s [2 September 1849] letter to, 87; CD’s 4 November [1855] letter to, 81; letter to CD of 1–2 May 1856, 71, 80; CD’s 18 [June 1858] letter to, 98; CD’s [25 June 1858] letter to, 98–99; CD’s 20 September [1859] letter to, 72; CD’s [10 December 1859] letter to, 151–52; CD’s 10 April [1860] letter to, 92, 155, 156,
272; CD’s 4 May [1860] letter to, 174, 209; CD’s 17 June [1860] letter to, 124, 134–35; CD’s 3 October [1860] letter to, 120, 124; CD’s 14 November [1860] letter to, 168; CD’s [1 August 1861] letter to, 136; CD’s 12–13 March [1863] letter to, 95; letter to CD of 15 March 1863, 161; letter to CD of 16 January 1865, 285; Principles of Geology, 24, 29; and Wallace, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102
Lyell, Mary Horner, 81
Lytton, Edward Bulwer, 84
Mackintosh, James, 271–72
Malay archipelago, 102
Malthus, Thomas Robert, xii, 57, 66, 107, 162; An Essay on the Principle of Population, 58
mammals, 193
mandrills, 187. See also ape(s)
mankind: as ape vs. angel, 161; as architect, 124; arrogance of, 55; baboon as grandfather of, 56; beauty as created for, 128; as created from animals, 55; as descended from apes, 157, 158, 177, 299, 305; as descended from other species, 93; as designer, 133; dignity of, 174; as discoverer, 237; and divine design, 135; and domesticated animals, 83, 122, 125, 138, 186, 211; early progenitors of, 176–77, 193, 206; intellect of (see intellect); mental disposition of, 194–95; as mutable production, 173; and natural selection, 182; nature of, 134, 162; origin of as hidden from, 67; origins of, xi, 115, 124, 131, 173–80, 236; population of, xii, 209–10; power over selection, 111, 122, 125, 138, 149, 186 (see also animals, domesticated); and preservation of weakness, 211; races of, 181–84, 195; reproduction of, 182; society of (see society, human); structure of, 131, 176–77; and struggle for existence, 182, 207–8; and tail, 176
marriage, 59–64, 191–92, 210, 213, 233
Marshall, Victor A.E.G., CD’s 7 [September] 1879 letter to, 272
Martens, Conrad, 33
Martineau, Harriet, 281
Marx, Karl, 162, 303
mastodon, 25
materialism, 55
mathematics, 292
matter, origin of, 145
Matthews, Patrick, “Naval Timber & Arboriculture,” 92
McCormick, Robert, 37
McDermott, Frederick, CD’s 24 November 1880 letter to, 224
medicine, 5, 210, 226. See also health
Megatherium, 16
Mengden, N. A. von, CD’s 8 April 1879 letter to, 223
Messiah (Handel), 251
metaphysics, 56, 302
mice, 110, 134
migration, of plants and animals, 130–31
Mill, John Stuart, 162
Milton, John, 257; Paradise Lost, 34, 254
Mimosa, 289
misletoe, 108
missionaries, 43–44
Mivart, George St. J., 179
mocking-birds, 46
modification, 120, 166; descent with, xiii, 65–72, 92, 129, 131; and domestication, 83; and Galapagos birds, 49; for good of another species, 123; and natural selection, 108; and small vs. large areas, 119; and Spencer, 94. See also variation/variability
monkeys, 56, 177, 191, 202–3, 258, 272. See also apes
Montagu, Ashley, 305
morality, 56, 64, 190–92, 209, 217, 219, 221, 225, 264, 298, 302
Morning Post, obituary of CD in, 299
morphology: and adaptation, 56, 67, 108–9, 111, 142; and animals of Galápagos, 48, 49; and ants, 128–29; and design, 135–36; of embryos, 112–13; of man kind, 131, 176–77; modification of, 83, 131, 166; and natural selection, 124, 142; of orchids, 166; and pigeons, 83; of Primula, 169; as similar in different species, 131
Muller, J.F.T., CD’s [before 10 December 1866] letter to, 267
Munchausen, Baron, 16
Murchison, Sir Roderick, 269
Murray, John (publisher), 81, 176; CD’s 14 June [1859] letter to, 240; CD’s [3 November 1859] letter to, 150
music, 7–8, 223, 257, 291
Napoleon III, 209
nations: competition between, 209; laws, customs and traditions of, 214
natural history, xvi, 14, 15–16, 23, 33–38, 45
naturalists, 11, 12, 15–16, 18, 21, 112, 153, 175, 188–89, 236
natural selection, xi, xiii, 77, 122–26; acceptance of theory of, 96, 175; and adaptive changes of structure, 142; and ants, 129; for benefit of other species, 123; and brain, 174; CD forestalled concerning, 98, 99, 100–101; and CD’s reading of Malthus, xii, 58; deification of, 124; and design, 133, 136; and domesticated animals, 53, 111; and extinction, 130; and hive-bees, 199–200; and human architect analogy, 124; and human intellect, 194; as implying choice, 148–49; and individuals of same species, 138; and instincts, 198, 201; as intelligent power, 125–26; and mankind, 182; and Matthews, 92; and modification, 108; and new and improved forms, 130; of orchids, 166; and preservation of varieties, 148; and primogeniture, 233; and progress, 213–14; Shaw on, 302; and structures, 124; and struggle for existence, 98; and suffering, 220; and survival of fittest, 147–49; and United States, 212; and variation/variability, 120, 122, 125, 133, 149; and Wallace, xii, 98, 99, 100–101, 102, 147–48, 174, 233
nature, xiii, 115–16, 130, 249–52; adaptation in, 124–25; Conway on, 276; cruel works of, 70; degrees of perfection in, 123; economy of, 56, 70; history of productions of, 114; illimitable schemes & wonders of, 87; personification of, 125, 126; and Sedgwick, 151; selection in, 53; and variation, 120, 122; war in, 57, 66–67; and wedge metaphor, 56, 67, 109. See also design; scenery
Nature, obituary of CD in, 300
“Naval Timber & Arboriculture” (Matthews), 92
negroes, 30–32, 187
Nevill, Lady Dorothy, 281
Newman, Henry, 110
New South Wales, Australia, 36–37, 208
Newton, Sir Isaac, 134, 299, 302
New York Times, obituary of CD in, 299
New Zealand, 21, 123
North, Marianne, 281–82
Norton, Charles Eliot, 282
Notebook B (C. Darwin), 54, 55
Notebook C (C. Darwin), 55
Notebook D (C. Darwin), 56, 57–58
Notebook E (C. Darwin), 181
Notebook M (C. Darwin), 56, 256
Notebook N (C. Darwin), 57
observation, xii, xvi, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 68, 84, 85, 165, 166, 235, 236, 237, 240, 254–55. See also experimentation; science
Ogle, William: CD’s 6 March [1868] letter to, 141; CD’s 22 February 1882 letter to, 238–39
On the Origin of Species (1859) (C. Darwin), xvi, 107–16, 287–88; barnacles in, 89; CD’s plans for, xii; difficulties in, 127, 128–32; Galton on, 277–78; human origins in, 173; Huxley on, 300; influence of, 298–99; instincts in, 198–200; natural selection in, 122–23; origin of life in, 144; pigeons in, 82–83; and precursors, 95–96; publication of, xi; responses to, 150–64; species in, 117–20, 121; style of, 240, 241; and theism, 222; tone of, 294; too much attributed to natural selection in, 142; and tree simile, 111–12; variation and heredity in, 138–39; and Wallace, 102
On the Origin of Species (1861) (C. Darwin), 92–95, 144–45
On the Origin of Species (1869) (C. Darwin): altered view on selection in, 142
On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects (C. Darwin), 124–25, 165–67
orangutans, 56–57, 204–5. See also apes
orchids, 165–67. See also adaptation
organs, 130, 132
Ornithological Notes (C. Darwin), 48
Osorno, volcano of, 27
ostrich, 33–34
Otaheite. See Tahiti
Owen, Richard, 26, 155, 157, 272
Pahia, New Zealand, 21
Palaeontological Society, 88
Paley, William, 133; Evidences of Christianity, 8–9; Moral Philosophy, 8–9; Natural Theology, 8–9
Pampas, 19, 69
Panageus cruxmajor, 76
pangenesis, 139, 141, 142, 143, 245
Paradise Lost (Milton), 34, 254
Parana River, 25
Parslow, Joseph (CD’s butler), 282–83
Patagonia, 33
&nbs
p; Peacock, George, 11
peacocks, 127, 186
Personal Narrative (Humboldt), xii, 10
Peru, 19
Phaedo (Plato), 56
philanthropy, 256
Philosophical Club of the Royal Society of London, 227
Philosophical Society of Cambridge, 22
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 234
physics, 292
physiologists, 153
physiology, 248
pigeons, 80–83, 140
pineapples, 20
planets, 130, 134, 136
plants, 65, 115, 280; collection of, 165; competition among, 118; and diverse physical conditions, 118; domesticated, 53, 122; genera of, 120; migration of, 130–31; naming of, 165; parasitical, 15; peculiar to Galápagos Archipelago, 165; progenitors of, 144; and struggle for existence, 58; varieties of, 118–19. See also botany; population; species
Plato, 95; Phaedo, 56
platypus (Ornithorhyncus paradoxus), 36
poetry, 257, 302
politics, 232–33
pollen, 139, 166, 169
Polynesia, 207
poor-laws, 210
population, size of, xii, 57–58, 66–67, 107, 109, 121, 209–10
Port Desire, Patagonia, 33
Portillo pass, 251
Portugal, 84
Portuguese, 32
poverty, 210, 213
Powell, Baden: CD’s 18 January [1860] letter to, 91–92; “Essays on the spirit of inductive philosophy, unity of worlds, and the philosophy of creation,” 94–95
A Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy (Herschel), 10
primogeniture, 212, 233
primordial form, 144
primordial soup, 145–46
Primula, 169
Principles of Geology (Lyell), 24, 29
progress, 213–14, 252, 271
proteins, 145
Protococcus nivalis (red snow), 35–36
psychology, 94, 115
Punch, 161
Quadrumana, 176
Quillota, valley of, 26
rabbits, 143
races, 181–84, 205–6, 211
Raverat, Gwen, 296–97
reading, 254, 257, 289, 291–92
reason, 200, 221, 240, 254–55
red clover (Trifolium pratense), 110
religion, xiii, 61, 154, 217–25, 271, 280, 298, 303. See also God/Creator
The religious views of Charles Darwin (Aveling), 224–25
reproduction, 138, 139–40, 141, 182. See also sexual selection