reversion, principle of, 140
Richmond, George, 2
Rio Negro, Northern Patagonia, 25, 33, 34
rock-pigeon (Columba livia), 82
Romanes, George J., 301; CD’s 7 March 1881 letter to, 197
Rosa (plant), 120
Royer, Clémence-Auguste, 162
Rubus, 120
Ruskin, John, 272
Rydal Water, Lake District, 293
Saint Hilaire, Isidore Geoffroy, 93
Santa Maria, island of, 28
Santiago, Cape Verde, 14
Sarandis River, 25–26
Saturday Review, 24 December 1859, 154
scenery, 15–16, 20, 26–27, 217–18, 222–23, 249–53, 257, 292–93. See also nature
science, 62, 71, 158, 232, 234–39, 254, 259, 265; and arguments from results, 68; and brother’s chemistry experiments, 4; and causes, 237; and caution, 236; CD’s influence on, 299, 300; CD’s inspiration concerning, 10; CD’s love for, 254, 256; and Chambers, 94; and Darrow, 305; and design, 136; facts, general laws, and conclusions in, 9–10; and false views, 237; and freedom of thought, 224; Gray on, 156; Julian Huxley on, 302; T. H. Huxley on, 153; incomplete and incorrect hypotheses in, 142; and Lyell, 271; non-biological, 292; Sedgwick’s encouragement in, 22. See also hypothesis; observation
scientific laws, 10, 54, 93, 114, 115, 116, 126, 133, 145, 303; of battle, 185; and CD’s mind, 253, 258; designed, 134, 135; general, 124; and human origins, 173; secondary, 166; and variability, 128. See also gravity
Scott, Sir Walter, 291–92
séances, 238
sea-sickness, 14
Sebright, Sir John, 83
Sedgwick, Rev. Adam, 9, 22; letter to Darwin, 24 November 1859, 151
seeds, 108–9, 139, 141
sentient beings, 135–36, 219
sexes, 185–88. See also gender
sexual selection, 181, 183–84, 185–89. See also reproduction
Shakespeare, William, 257
Shaw, George Bernard, Back to Methuselah, 302
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 257
shooting, 6, 7
Shrewsbury, gravel beds in, 9
Shrewsbury School, 3, 4, 6
Silas Marner (Eliot), 291
Silk, George, 160
slavery, 30–32, 61, 232, 233, 264
snuff, 281, 290–91
society, human, 207–14, 233
soul, 56, 222
South America, xi, 11, 26, 28–29, 69, 107, 234
species, 53–58, 68, 71, 117–21, 235; adaptation by (see adaptation); classification of, 65, 70, 89, 112; and community of descent, 117; competition between, 111, 119; as created, 71, 92, 114, 285; definition of, 67, 117, 118; descendants of, 108; descent of, 93, 95; difficulty of distinguishing, 94, 117–18; diversification of, 119–20; domesticated, 53, 122, 125, 138, 139, 140; dominant, 119; exactness of, 55; extinct, 26, 84, 108, 110, 111, 114, 129–30; increase of, 66–67, 120; and individual creations, 67; individuals of same, 138; modification of (see modification); as mutable productions, 173; new, 58, 95, 97, 119, 129, 136, 149; and new conditions of life, 120; as not immutable, 65; origin of, 57, 93, 102, 107, 114, 155, 285; and Powell, 95; relation of oldest forms to existing, 150; and selection in nature, 53; and Spencer, 94; stability of, 48; and sterility, 67; and struggle for existence (see struggle, for existence); and sub-species, 117; survival of (see survival, of fittest); theory of, 85, 86; transmutation of, 54, 69; and tree simile, 111–12; variation among (see variation/variability); warring of, 57–58; weaker structures in, 56. See also animals; plants; population
S. Pedro, Chonos Archipelago, 35
Spencer, Herbert, 147–48, 272–73; “Essays,” 94
spiritualists, 237–38
Sprengel, C. K., Das entdeckte Geheimnis der Natur, 57
Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 238
St. Jago [Santiago], Cape Verde islands, 24
struggle, for existence, xii, 107–8; and American Civil War, 233; and Malthus, 57–58; and mankind, 182; and natural selection, 98, 123, 148, 149; and population size, 66–67, 109, 110; and races of men, 181
sublimity, sense of, 222–23
subsistence, 209–10
suffering, 219–20, 233. See also vivisection
Sullivan, Bartholomew James, 225
Sundew, 289
survival, of fittest, 142, 147–49
Sutton, Seth, 203
Tahiti, 20, 43, 291
taxidermy, 5
theism, 222, 224, 265, 271
theology, 303. See also religion
Thorley, Catherine A., 165
Tierra del Fuego, 39–42, 44, 178, 217, 250
The Times, 152, 232; obituary of CD in, 298–99
Timiriazev, Kliment, 283
toads, 34
Tollet, Ellen, 225
Tollet, Laura, 225
tortoises, 37–38, 45–46
Toxodon, 26
Tree of life, 112
Turin Society, 238
Twain, Mark, 284
Tyndall, John, 284
tyrant-flycatchers, 46
Unitarianism, 265
United States, 158, 209–10, 212; Civil War in, 232, 233
universe, 135
vaccination, 210–11
Valdivia, Chile, 27–28
The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication (C. Darwin), 83, 125–26, 136–37, 139–41, 142, 148–49
variation/variability, 66, 138–43, 150; and adaptation, 67; and chance, 139; and conditions of life, 128; and design vs. natural selection, 133; and human selection, 122; as independent of conditions of life, 121; and instincts, 201; and laws, 128; and natural selection, 120, 122, 125, 133, 148, 149; and organic and inorganic conditions of life, 122; and pigeons, 82–83; slight degrees of, 88; and struggle for existence, 58, 67, 107–8; and suffering, 220; and use and disuse, 128; useless, 142. See also modification
variety (taxonomic), 117, 118, 119
Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (Chambers), 91, 93–94, 154
Victoria, Princess Royal of Russia, 285
vivisection, 246, 247–48. See also suffering
Volute (sea snail), 9
Wallace, Alfred Russel, 95, 116, 304; admiration of for CD, 156, 160; CD as forestalled by, 98, 99, 100–101; CD on modesty of, 157, 273; and CD on sexual selection, 181, 182; CD’s 22 December 1857 letter to, 97, 173, 235; CD’s 18 May 1860 letter to, 157; CD’s 28 [May 1864] letter to, 181, 233; CD’s 15 June [1864] letter to, 182; CD’s 5 July [1866] letter to, 147–48; CD’s 27 March [1869] letter to, 142, 175; CD’s 14 April 1869 letter to, 175; CD’s 20 April [1870] letter to, 273; CD’s agreement with, 97; on completeness of CD’s work, 156; on Darwin’s abilities, 284–85; letter to CD, 2 July 1866, 125, 147; letter to J. D. Hooker, 6 October 1858, 101; letter to Charles Kingsley, 7 May 1869, 284–85; letter to George Silk, 1 September 1860, 160; and natural selection, xii, 98, 99, 100–101, 102, 147–48, 174, 233; on similarities to CD, 301–2; On the Tendency of Species to Form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection, 100; simultaneous announcement of theories with CD’s, xii, 99, 100, 101, 102
Waterton, Charles, 5
Watson, James D., 305–6
Wedgwood, Caroline Sarah Darwin (aunt), 225
Wedgwood, Hensleigh, 238
Wedgwood, Josiah, II, 11–12, 22, 273–74
Wedgwood, Julia, 287; CD’s 1 July [1861] letter to, 135–36
Wedgwood family, 296–97
Whewell, William, 67, 142, 160
Whitley, C. T., CD’s 8 May 1838 letter to, 59
Wickham, John Clements, 13, 30
Wilberforce, Rev. Samuel, 157, 158
will, 137, 204
Wilson, William, 43
Wollaston, Thomas V., 71
wolves, 65
woodpeckers, 108, 165, 252
Wordsworth, William,
257; The Excursion, 254. See also Lake District, UK
worms, 115
writing, xv, xvi, 14–15, 240–43, 289, 290, 293–94
Yaghan people, 41
York Minster (El’leparu), 42
Zoological Gardens, London, 203, 204
Zoological Society of London, 35
zoology, 4, 45–49, 91
Zoonomia (E. Darwin), 90, 93