—LETTERS: to E. B. Aveling, 13 October 1880, 224; to Abraham D. Bartlett 5 January [1870], 202–3; to Charles Bradlaugh, 6 June 1877, 192; to Alphonse de Candolle, 6 July 1868, 174; from J. V. Carus, 15 November 1866, 161; to John Chapman, 16 May [1865], 230–31; to Frances Power Cobbe, 23 March [1870], 190; to John Collier, 16 February 1882, 258; to Syms Covington, 30 March 1849, 86–87; to Syms Covington, 23 November 1850, 88, 208–9; to James Croll, 19 September 1868, 163; to James Croll, 31 January [1869], 163; to J. D. Dana, 8 October 1849, 87; to J. D. Dana, 29 September [1856], 80; to Caroline Sarah Darwin, 30 March–12 April 1833, 39–40; to Caroline Sarah Darwin, 13 November 1833, 18; to Caroline Sarah Darwin, 13 October 1834, 18; to Caroline Sarah Darwin, 10–13 March 1835, 18–19; to Caroline Sarah Darwin, 29 April 1836, 240; to Emily Catherine Darwin, 22 May–14 July 1833, 234; to Emily Catherine Darwin, 22 May [–14 July] 1833, 31–32; to Emily Catherine Darwin, 6 April 1834, 42; to Emily Catherine Darwin, 14 February 1836, 21, 207; from Emma Wedgwood Darwin, 21–22 November 1838, 61; from Emma Wedgwood Darwin, 23 January 1839, 61–62; from Emma Wedgwood Darwin, c. February 1839, 62; to Emma Wedgwood Darwin, 5 July 1844, 68; to Emma Wedgwood Darwin, 20–21 May 1848, 63; to Emma Wedgwood Darwin, [23 April 1851], 75; to Emma Wedgwood Darwin, [28 April 1858], 251–52; from Erasmus Alvey Darwin, 23 November [1859], 150–51; to Horace Darwin, [15 December 1871], 237; to Robert Waring Darwin, 31 August [1831], 11–12; to Robert Waring Darwin, 8 February–1 March [1832], 13–14; to Robert Waring Darwin, 10 February 1832, 14; to Susan Elizabeth Darwin, 14 July–7 August [1832], 16; to Susan Elizabeth Darwin, 4 August [1836], 21; to William Erasmus Darwin, 3 October [1851], 75; to Anton Dohrn, 4 January 1870, 236; to Anton Dohrn, 15 February 1880, 238; to Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, 25 June 1859, 76–77; to T. H. Farrer, 29 October [1868], 141; to Henry Fawcett, 18 September [1861], 235, 240; to Robert FitzRoy, [4 or 11 October 1831], 13; to Robert FitzRoy, [19 September 1831], 33; to Robert FitzRoy, 1 October 1846, 255; to John Fordyce, 7 May 1879, 223; to W. D. Fox, May [1832], 25; to W. D. Fox, [12–13] November 1832, 16; to W. D. Fox, [9–12 August] 1835, 21; to W. D. Fox, 15 February 1836, 266; to W. D. Fox, [7 June 1840], 73; to W. D. Fox, [24 April 1845], 91; to W. D. Fox, 17 July [1853], 78–79; to W. D. Fox, 3 October [1856], 80; to W. D. Fox, 8 February [1857], 71, 75–76; to W. D. Fox, 13 November [1858], 76, 228; to W. D. Fox, 24 [March 1859], 71, 255; from W. D. Fox, 28 November [1864], 277; to Francis Galton, 23 December [1869], 196; to Asa Gray, 20 July [1857], 71; to Asa Gray, 4 July 1858, 99; to Asa Gray, 11 November [1859], 72; to Asa Gray, [8 or 9 February 1860], 127; to Asa Gray, 3 April [1860], 127; to Asa Gray, 22 May [1860], 133–34; to Asa Gray, 3 July [1860], 135, 159; to Asa Gray, 22 July [1860], 267; to Asa Gray, 10 September [1860], 267; to Asa Gray, 5 June [1861], 232; to Asa Gray, 10–20 June [1862], 77, 162, 232–33; to Asa Gray, 23[–24] July [1862], 167; to Asa Gray, 28 May [1864], 255; to Asa Gray, 28 January 1876, 257; to Albert Gunther, 12 April [1874?], 37–38; from J. S. Henslow, 24 August 1831, 11; to J. S. Henslow, [5 September 1831], 12; to J. S. Henslow, [26 October–] 24 November 1832, 34; to J. S. Henslow, 18 April 1835, 249; to J. S. Henslow, 6 May 1849, 227; to J. M. Herbert, 2 June 1833, 32; to Frithiof Holmgren, 18 April 1881, 247–48; to J. D. Hooker, [11 January 1844], 90; to J. D. Hooker, 11 January 1844, 65; to J. D. Hooker, [7 January 1845], 91; to J. D. Hooker, [16 April 1845], 165; to J. D. Hooker, 11–12 July 1845, 68; to J. D. Hooker, 10 September 1845, 68–69; to J. D. Hooker, [3 September 1846], 165; to J. D. Hooker, [2 October 1846], 84–85; to J. D. Hooker, [6 November 1846], 85; to J. D. Hooker, 10 May 1848, 85, 86; to J. D. Hooker, 13 June [1850], 88; to J. D. Hooker, 5 June [1855], 165; to J. D. Hooker, 13 July [1856], 70; to J. D. Hooker, 15 January [1858], 227–28; to J. D. Hooker, [29 June 1858], 76, 99; to J. D. Hooker, 13 [July 1858], 100–101; to J. D. Hooker, 1 September [1859], 228; to J. D. Hooker, 30 May [1860], 158–59; to J. D. Hooker, 4 December [1860], 168; to J. D. Hooker, 15 January [1861], 269; to J. D. Hooker, 23 [April 1861], 229; to J. D. Hooker, 19 June [1861], 165; to J. D. Hooker, 30 January [1862], 166–67; to J. D. Hooker, 9 February [1862], 235; to J. D. Hooker, 9 [April 1862], 229–30; to J. D. Hooker, 24 December [1862], 233; to J. D. Hooker, 15 February [1863], 168; to J. D. Hooker, 26 [March 1863], 236; to J. D. Hooker, [29 March 1863], 145; to J. D. Hooker, [27 January 1864], 168; to J. D. Hooker, 26[–27] March [1864], 230; from J. D. Hooker to CD, [11 June 1864], 279; to J. D. Hooker, 9 February [1865], 252; to J. D. Hooker, [29 July 1865], 270; to J. D. Hooker, 25 December [1868], 269; to J. D. Hooker, 16 January [1869], 163; to J. D. Hooker, 1 February [1871], 145–46; to J. D. Hooker, 23 July [1871], 169; to J. D. Hooker, 18 January [1874], 237–38; to Leonard Horner 29 August [1844], 29; from A. von Humboldt, 18 September 1839, 279; to T. H. Huxley, 26 September [1857], 71; to T. H. Huxley, 2 June [1859], 71–72; to T. H. Huxley, 27 November [1859], 80–81; to T. H. Huxley, 28 December [1859], 152; to T. H. Huxley, 3 July [1860], 159, 270; to T. H. Huxley, [5 July 1860], 158; to T. H. Huxley, 22 November [1860], 160; to T. H. Huxley, 22 February [1861], 228–29; to T. H. Huxley, 30 January [1868], 202; to Henrietta Darwin Litchfield, [8 February 1870], 242; to Henrietta Darwin Litchfield, [March] 1870, 243; to Henrietta Darwin Litchfield, 20 March 1871, 179–80; to Henrietta Darwin Litchfield, 4 September 1871, 63; to Henrietta Darwin Litchfield, 4 September [1871], 78; to Henrietta Darwin Litchfield, 4 January 1875, 247; to John Lubbock, 5 September [1862], 77, 235; to Charles Lyell, 30 July 1837, 53–54; to Charles Lyell, [14] September [1838], 54; to Charles Lyell, [2 September 1849], 87; to Charles Lyell, 4 November [1855], 81; from Charles Lyell, 1–2 May 1856, 71, 80; to Charles Lyell, 18 [June 1858], 98; to Charles Lyell, [25 June 1858], 98–99; to Charles Lyell, 20 September [1859], 72; to Charles Lyell, [10 December 1859], 151–52; to Charles Lyell, 10 April [1860], 92, 155, 156, 272; to Charles Lyell, 4 May [1860], 174, 209; to Charles Lyell, 17 June [1860], 124, 134–35; to Charles Lyell, 20 [June 1860], 165; to Charles Lyell, 3 October [1860], 120, 124; to Charles Lyell, 14 November [1860], 168; to Charles Lyell, [1 August 1861], 136; to Charles Lyell, 12–13 March [1863], 95; from Charles Lyell, 15 March 1863, 161; from Charles Lyell, 16 January 1865, 285; to Victor A. E. G. Marshall, 7 [September] 1879, 272; to Frederick McDermott, 24 November 1880, 224; to N. A. von Mengden, 8 April 1879, 223; to J. F. T. Muller, [before 10 December 1866], 267; to John Murray, 14 June [1859], 240; to John Murray, [3 November 1859], 150; to William Ogle, 6 March [1868], 141; to William Ogle, 22 February 1882, 238–39; to Baden Powell, 18 January [1860], 91–92; to G. J. Romanes, 7 March 1881, 197; from Adam Sedgwick, 24 November 1859, 151; from A.R. Wallace, 2 July 1866, 125; to A. R. Wallace, 22 December 1857, 97, 173, 235; to A. R. Wallace, 18 May 1860, 157; to A. R. Wallace, 28 [May 1864], 181, 233; to A. R. Wallace, 15 June [1864], 182; to A. R. Wallace, 5 July [1866], 147–48; to A. R. Wallace, 27 March [1869], 142, 175; to A. R. Wallace, 14 April 1869, 175; to A. R. Wallace, 20 April [1870], 273; to Julia Wedgwood, 1 July [1861], 135–36; to C. T. Whitley, 8 May 1838, 59
—WORKS: The Autobiography of Charles Darwin, 3–10, 13, 14–15, 22–23, 24, 28–29, 30–31, 53, 57, 58, 63–64, 69, 70, 79, 84, 89, 90, 91, 95–96, 102, 116, 133, 164, 167, 169, 173, 202, 203, 217–20, 222–23, 225, 226, 234–35, 239, 241–42, 253–58, 259, 263–64, 265, 266, 268, 269–73, 274; Beagle Diary, 39, 41–42; The Descent of Man (1871), 142, 175, 176–78, 179, 182–84, 185–88, 190–92, 193–97, 200, 203, 209–13, 220–22, 233, 236–37, 242, 243, 246, 258–59, 299; The Descent of Man (1874), 188–89, 200–201, 213–14; The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, 74, 137, 204–6, 245–46; Journal, 61, 70, 88; Journal of Researches (1839), xii, 15–18, 19–21, 25–28, 31, 33–37, 44, 45–48, 54, 207–8, 218, 249–51; Journal of Researches (1845), 49; “A letter, containing remarks,” 1836, 40, 43–44; Notebook B, 54, 55; Notebook C, 55; Notebook D, 56, 57–58; Notebook E, 181; Notebook M, 56, 256; Notebook N, 57; On the Origin of Species (1859), xi, xii, xvi, 82–83, 89, 95–96, 102, 107–16, 117–20, 121, 122–23, 127, 128–32, 138–39, 142, 144, 150–64, 173, 198–200, 222, 240, 241
, 277–78, 287–88, 294, 298–99, 300; On the Origin of Species (1861), 92–95, 144–45; On the Origin of Species (1869), 142; On The Tendency of Species to Form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means Of Selection, 100; On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects, 124–25, 165–67; Ornithological Notes, 48; Preface to Life of Erasmus Darwin, 275; The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, 83, 125–26, 136–37, 139–41, 142, 148–49
Darwin, Charles Waring (son), 75–76; death of, 76
Darwin, Emily Catherine (sister): CD’s 22 May–14 July 1833 letter to, 234; CD’s 22 May [–14 July] 1833 letter to, 31–32; CD’s 6 April 1834 letter to, 42; CD’s 14 February 1836 letter to, 21, 207
Darwin, Emma Wedgwood (wife), 235; and backgammon, 257; on CD and religion, 223, 225; CD’s 5 July 1844 letter to, 68; CD’s 20–21 May 1848 letter to, 63; CD’s [23 April 1851] letter to, 75; CD’s [28 April 1858] letter to, 251–52; and CD’s enjoyment of nature, 251–52; CD’s love for, 61–64; and children, 287; and death of Anne, 75; and garden walks, 288; health of, 227; letter to CD, 21–22 November 1838, 61; letter to CD, 23 January 1839, 61–62; letter to CD, c. February 1839, 62; letter to Francis Darwin about CD’s religious statement in Autobiography, 225; marriage to CD, xiv, 59–64; and music, 291; and publication of CD’s species theory, 68; and visit of Mrs. Huxley, 228–29
Darwin, Erasmus (grandfather), 95, 256, 265, 278; Zoonomia, 90, 93
Darwin, Erasmus Alvey (brother), 3–4, 56, 92, 219, 237, 264, 265; 23 November [1859] letter to CD, 150–51
Darwin, Francis (son), 76–77, 89, 160, 240–41, 244–45, 296; letter from Emma Wedgwood Darwin to, 225; The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, 258, 286–87, 288–93, 294–96, 297
Darwin, George Howard (son), 75, 227, 237, 238, 296–97
Darwin, Henrietta Emma (daughter). See Litchfield, Henrietta Emma Darwin (daughter)
Darwin, Horace (son), 76–77; CD’s [15 December 1871] letter to, 237
Darwin, Leonard (son), 76–77, 227, 286, 288, 294
Darwin, Robert Waring (father), 22, 217, 219, 253–54; CD’s 31 August [1831] letter to, 11–12; CD’s 8 February–1 March [1832] letter to, 13–14; CD’s 10 February 1832 letter to, 14; objections of to CD’s Beagle journey, 11–12
Darwin, Susan Elizabeth (sister): CD’s 14 July–7 August [1832] letter to, 16; CD’s 4 August [1836] letter to, 21
Darwin, Susanna Wedgwood (mother), 253
Darwin, William Erasmus (son), 73–74; CD’s 3 October [1851] letter to, 75; daguerreotype of, 52
Daubeny, C.G.B., 157
death, 210, 250, 252, 288
deduction, 58, 239, 273
Demosthenes, 236
Descartes, René, 273
descent, 68; and Lyell, 271; theory of, 92. See also natural selection
descent, of mankind, 56, 93, 175, 258–59, 304; from apes, 157, 158, 177, 299, 305; from lower form, 176–78
descent, with modification, xiii, 65–72, 129, 131
The Descent of Man (1871) (C. Darwin), 299; adaptation in, 142; descent in, 176–78, 258–59; dogs in, 246; emotions in, 203; instincts in, 200; intellect in, 193–96; morality in, 190–92; natural selection in, 175; race in, 182–84; reception of, 179; religion in, 220–21; science in, 236–37; sexual selection in, 185–88; slavery in, 233; society in, 209–13; style of, 242, 243
The Descent of Man (1874) (C. Darwin): instincts in, 200–201; sexual selection in, 188–89; society in, 213–14
design, xvi, 113, 133–37, 164. See also God/Creator; nature
De Vries, Hugo, 276
diamond beetle, 21
disease, 141, 181, 210
Disraeli, Benjamin, 161
dogs, 17, 59, 134, 183, 200, 203, 221, 244–48, 253, 258, 293
Dohrn, Anton, 276; CD’s 4 January 1870 letter to, 236; CD’s 15 February 1880 letter to, 238
doves, 46
Drosera, 167–68
Duncan, Andrew, 4–5
Dyster, Frederick Daniel, 158
earth, 252, 304; age of, 67, 163; destruction of, 222. See also geology
earthquakes, 27–28
earthworms, 289
Edinburgh Hospital, operation, 5
Edinburgh Review, 155
Edinburgh University, 6
education, 3–10, 23, 78–79, 214
Eliot, George, Silas Marner, 291
Elwin, Whitwell, 81; letter to John Murray, 21 September 1870, 176
embryology, 112–13, 164
emigration, 209, 210, 212
Emma Darwin (Litchfield), 61
emotions, 202–6, 221, 244
Engels, Friedrich, 162, 303
England, 31–32, 40, 207
Das entdeckte Geheimnis der Natur (Sprengel), 57
Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, CD’s 25 June 1859 letter to, 76–77
An Essay on the Principle of Population (Malthus), 58
“Essays” (Spencer), 94
“Essays on the spirit of inductive philosophy, unity of worlds, and the philosophy of creation” (Powell), 94–95
Euclid, 3, 8
Europe, 123, 212
Europeans, 41, 207
Evidences of Christianity (Paley), 8–9
evolution, xi, xii, xvi, 223, 302, 303. See also descent, with modification
The Excursion (Wordsworth), 254
experimentation, xiii, 4, 235, 236, 294. See also observation
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (C. Darwin), 74, 137, 204–6, 245–46
eye, 127
facial expressions, 202, 204–5
facts, false, 237
Falconer, Hugh, 276–77
famine, 57–58
Farrer, T. H., CD’s 29 October [1868] letter to, 141
Fawcett, Henry, CD’s 18 September [1861] letter to, 235, 240
feathers, 127
fertilisation, 57, 110, 139, 165–66, 169
Ffinden, Rev. George, 277
finches, 46, 82
Fitzroy, Mary, 255
FitzRoy, Robert, xi, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 28, 37, 39, 42, 161, 266; CD’s [19 September 1831] letter to, 33; CD’s [4 or 11 October 1831] letter to, 13; CD’s 1 October 1846 letter to, 255; “A letter, containing remarks,” 1836, 40, 43–44; and slavery, 30–31
flowers, 15, 21, 57, 110
Foote, G. W., 304
Forbes, Edward, 91
Forbes, J. D., 160
Fordyce, John, CD’s 7 May 1879 letter to, 223
forests, 217–18
Formica sanguinea, 198–99
fossils, 22, 25–26, 54, 69, 88, 150
Fox, William Darwin (cousin), 244, 266, 277; CD’s May [1832] letter to, 25; CD’s [12–13] November 1832 letter to, 16; CD’s [9–12 August] 1835 letter to, 21; CD’s 15 February 1836 letter to, 266; CD’s [7 June 1840] letter to, 73; CD’s [24 April 1845] letter to, 91; CD’s 17 July [1853] letter to, 78–79; CD’s 3 October [1856] letter to, 80; CD’s 8 February [1857] letter to, 71, 75–76; CD’s 13 November [1858] letter to, 76, 228; CD’s 24 [March 1859] letter to, 71, 255; letter to CD, 28 November [1864], 277
foxes, 35, 48, 65
French government, 34
Freud, Sigmund, 304
Fuegia Basket (Yokcushla), 42
Fuegians, 39–40, 44, 178
Galápagos Archipelago, 37, 45–49, 54, 65, 69, 165
Galton, Francis, 143, 197, 213, 238, 277–78; CD’s 23 December [1869] letter to, 196; Hereditary Genius, 196
Gaskell, Elizabeth, 292
gauchos, 16–17, 33
gemmules, 139–40, 245
gender, 185, 187–88, 191–92, 194–96, 212, 233
genealogical trees, 71
genetics. See variation/variability
geography, 3, 120, 130–31, 150
Geological Society of London, 26
geological time, 120, 121, 122�
�23, 129, 131
geology, xii, 9, 14–15, 24–29, 53, 54, 67, 69, 129; and Chambers, 91; and Croll, 163; Jameson’s lectures on, 4–5; and South American inhabitants, 107. See also earth
geometry, 3
German language, 292
glacier-lake theory, 234
Gladstone, William Ewart, 266, 303
Glen Roy, Scotland, 234
God/Creator, xi, 37, 55, 66, 72, 112, 114, 133–34, 135, 136, 137, 166, 218, 224; and Erasmus Darwin, 265; debates over, xiii; and design, 133, 164; and Kingsley, 144; limited belief in, 220; and original created forms, 144–45; and sense of sublimity, 222–23; and suffering, 219–20; and theory of evolution, 223. See also design; religion
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 93, 278
Gould, John, 55
Grant, Robert, 90
Grasmere, 293
grasses, 15, 166
gravity, 55, 116, 125, 134, 145. See also scientific laws
Gray, Asa, 102, 156, 158, 164, 267; CD’s 20 July [1857] letter to, 71; CD’s 4 July 1858 letter to, 99; CD’s 11 November [1859] letter to, 72; CD’s [8 or 9 February 1860] letter to, 127; CD’s 3 April [1860] letter to, 127; CD’s 22 May [1860] letter to, 133–34; CD’s 3 July [1860] letter to, 135, 159; CD’s 22 July [1860] letter to, 267; CD’s 10 September [1860] letter to, 267; CD’s 5 June [1861] letter to, 232; CD’s 10–20 June [1862] letter to, 77, 162, 232–33; CD’s 23[–24] July [1862] letter to, 167; CD’s 28 May [1864] letter to, 255; CD’s 28 January 1876 letter to, 257
Gray, Jane Loring, 257
Gray, John Edward, 38
Gray, Thomas, 257
Great Britain, 210
Gully, William, 227
Gunther, Albert, CD’s 12 April [1874?] letter to, 37–38
Haeckel, Ernst, 267, 278–79
Haiti/Hayti, 32
Handel, George Frideric, Messiah, 251
Haughton, Samuel, 102
hawks, 46
health, xiv, 18, 63, 88, 97, 226–31, 255, 256, 276, 295–96, 297. See also medicine