Hallet, Stephen
Hamilton, Alexander, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2
Assumption Plan of, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2
British trade promoted by, 4.1, 4.2
and Constitution ratification
death of
and election of 1800
as mercantilist, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2
“Report on Manufactures” of
as treasury secretary, 4.1, 4.2
and Washington’s Farewell Address, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2
Hamilton, William, 2.1, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
Hammersmith, England
Hampden, John, 2.1, 2.2
Hampton Court
harmony of mankind and nature, prl.1, prl.1, 9.1
Harvard University, botanic garden at
Haswell, Anthony
Hedysarum coronarium (sulla)
Heely, Joseph
Hemings, Sally, 6.1, 9.1
Hessian fly, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 9.1
hickory trees, 9.1, 9.2
Hoban, James
holly
Homer
honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), 1.1, 4.1
honeysuckle
honeysuckle (Lonicera canadensis; American fly honeysuckle)
honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens), 1.1, 3.1, 8.1
hornbeam
Horticultural Society (New York)
hospitality, eighteenth-century
Houdon, Jean-Antoine
House of Representatives, U.S., 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2
see also Congress, U.S.; Senate, U.S.
Hudson, N.Y.
Hudson River, 7.1, 7.2
Hudson River School
Hudson River valley, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
hyacinth, 8.1, 8.2
Illinois, 9.1, 9.2
Indianapolis, Ind.
Indian bean tree (Catalpa bignonioides; southern catalpa), 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 8.1
Indian Queen
Ingenhousz, Jan, 9.1, 9.2
iris
irrigation
Irving, Washington
Italy, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1
James Madison Landmark Forest
jasmine (Jasminum officinale), 2.1, 9.1
Jasminum officinale (jasmine), 2.1, 9.1
Jay, John, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1
Jay Treaty, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1
Jefferson, Lucy
Jefferson, Martha (daughter), see Randolph, Martha Jefferson
Jefferson, Martha Wales, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Jefferson, Mary, 4.1, 7.1, 8.1
Jefferson, Thomas, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
Adams’s friendship with, 2.1, 4.1, 8.1, 8.2
Adams’s rift with, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1
as agricultural innovator, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 9.1, 9.2
agriculture promoted by, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 9.1
as Anglophobe, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1
boredom as anathema to
botany as interest of, 4.1, 6.1, 9.1, 9.2
in British trade negotiations, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7
capital site issue and
Capitol design and
captial site issue and
Cobham’s influence on, 2.1, 2.2
crop rotation adopted by, 5.1, 5.2
death of
in dispute over “degenerate” American environment, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 7.1, 7.2
in election of 1796, 5.1, 5.2
in election of 1800
in English garden tours, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 3.1, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2
as Enlightenment thinker, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
as enthusiastic about transportation revolution
gardens as fascination of, 2.1, 6.1
grandchildren and, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Hamilton’s economic policy opposed by, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6
“Heart vs. Head” letter of
Inaugural Address of (1801)
Jay Treaty opposed by
Lewis and Clark expedition and, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
library of
Louisiana Purchase and, 7.1, 8.1
Madison’s friendship with, 4.1, 4.2
maple sugar production promoted by, 4.1, 4.2
merchants disliked by, 6.1, 9.1
meticulous recordkeeping by, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
Monticello home of, see Monticello
New England botanical excursion of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
personal debt of, 8.1, 9.1
as plantation owner, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 9.1
Poplar Forest estate of, 6.1, 8.1
as president, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 9.1
as reluctant politician, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 8.1, 9.1
republican style of, 6.1, 6.2
reserved nature of
in resignation as secretary of state
in retirement at Monticello, 8.1, 8.2
in Rights of Man controversy, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
as secretary of state
seed collecting and sharing by, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2
as slave owner, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2
slavery issue and
tobacco trade and
in tour of France and Italy
as vice president
and Washington, D.C. design, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Washington attacked by
weather diary of
westward expansion and, 7.1, 7.2
Whig influence on
at White House, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1
and White House design, 6.1, 6.2
wide-ranging scientific interests of
Jeffersonia
Jeffersonia diphylla (twinleaf)
Jenifer, Daniel of St. Thomas, 1.1, 3.1
Jones, Inigo
judiciary branch, 3.1, 3.2
Juniperus horizontalis (creeping juniper)
Juniperus virginiana (red cedar), 1.1, 1.2, 2.1
Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel), 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 5.1, 8.1
Kennedy, Lewis
Kent, Nathaniel
Kent, William
Kentucky, 4.1, 6.1, 9.1
Kentucky coffee tree (Gymnocladus dioicus)
Kew Gardens, 2.1, 9.1
kidney bean
Knox, Henry
kohlrabi
lady’s slipper orchid
Lafayette, marquis de, 1.1, 4.1, 9.1
land ownership, as basis of freedom
Langley, Batty, 1.1, 1.2
Larix laricinia (tamarack)
larkspur
Latrobe, Benjamin Henry, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1, 8.2
Leasowes, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 5.1, 8.1
Lee, Eliza Collins
Lee, James
legislative branch, 3.1, 3.2
leguminous plants
L’Enfant, Charles Pierre, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4
lesser celandine
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (Dickinson)
Letters from an American Farmer (Crèvecoeur)
Letters on the Beauties of Hagley, Envil and the Leasowes (Heely)
Lewis, Meriwether, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 9.1
death of
scientific training of
Lewis and Clark expedition, 7.1, 7.2
Jefferson’s instructions for
specimens collected by, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1
Lewisia
Liberty Tree
Library of Congress
licorice-root (Ligusticum verticillatum)
Ligusticum verticillatum (licorice-root)
lilac, 1.1, 8.1
lilac (Syringa persica)
lilac (Syringa vulgaris)
Linnaeus, Carl, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1
Linum lewisii (prairie flax), 7.1, 7.2
Liquidamber styraciflua (sweetgum), 2.1, 3.1
Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip poplar; tulip tree), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
live oak (Quercus virginiana), 1.1, 3.1, 3.2
Livingston, Robert
Lobelia cardinalis (cardinal flower)
Locke, John, 2.1, 2.2
Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra; L. “Italica”), 6.1, 6.2, 7.1
London Public Advertiser
Lonicera canadensis (“honeysuckle of the garden”; American fly honeysuckle)
Lonicera sempervirens (trumpet honeysuckle), 1.1, 3.1, 8.1
Louisiana
Louisiana Purchase, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1
Louisville, Ky.
Lyttelton, George
Maclura pomifera (Osage orange), 7.1, 7.2, 9.1
Madison, Dolley, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5
as hostess, 9.1, 9.2
Madison, James, prl.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5
as agricultural innovator, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
agriculture as interest of, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 9.1
as Anglophobe
and capital site issue, 6.1, 6.2
at Constitutional Convention, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.1, 9.1
and Constitutional ratification
death of
as driving force behind Constitutional Convention
as enthusiastic about transportation revolution
environmentalism of, prl.1, 9.1
Hamilton’s economic policy opposed by, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 6.1
Jay Treaty opposed by, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Jefferson’s friendship with, 4.1, 4.2
manure as interest of, 5.1, 9.1
merchants disliked by
meticulous recordkeeping by
Montpelier home of, see Montpelier
New England botanical excursion of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
as plantation owner, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 9.1
as president, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2
as proponent of strong central government
in retirement at Montpelier, 9.1, 9.2
as secretary of state, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1
seed sharing by
and 1796 presidential election, 5.1, 5.2
as slave owner, 5.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
slavery issue and, 9.1, 9.2
weather diary of
Magellan, Ferdinand
Magnolia grandiflora (southern magnolia), 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 5.1
Magnolia tripetala (umbrella magnolia), 1.1, 8.1
Malta, 3.1, 6.1
Malthus, Thomas, 9.1, 9.2
Malus angustifolia (crab apple)
Malus coronaria (crab apple), 1.1, 1.2, 8.1
Malus sylvestris (crab apple)
Man and Nature (Marsh)
Mandans, 7.1, 7.2
“Mandan tobacco” (Nicotiana quadrivolus), 7.1, 7.2
manure, 5.1, 9.1
Adams’s interest in, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1
Madison’s interest in, 5.1, 9.1
Washington’s interest in, 1.1, 3.1, 5.1
maple, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 4.1
mapleleaf viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)
Marsh, George Perkins
Marshall, Humphry, 3.1, 3.2, 9.1
Martin, Alexander, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
Maryland
in navigation rights dispute with Virginia
Mason, George, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4
Massachusetts, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1
Massachusetts constitution
Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture, 3.1, 5.1
mastodon, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1
Mazzei, Philip
McMahon, Bernard, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
Megalonyx,
Melia azedarach (chinaberry), 8.1, 9.1
Memphis, Tenn.
mercantilism, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Mertensia paniculata (northern or tall bluebell)
Michaux, André, 7.1, 7.2
Miller, Philip, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1
Milton, John
Mimulus lewisii
Mississippi River, 7.1, 9.1
Mississippi Valley, 7.1, 7.2
Missouri River, 7.1, 7.2
Great Falls of, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
Missouri River Breaks
mock orange (Philadelphus coronarius)
model cottage movement, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
moldboards, 5.1, 9.1
Monroe, James, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
Montalto
Monticello, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, app.1, 9.1
balance between useful and ornamental plantings at, 2.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1
as embodiment of Jefferson’s ideals, 8.1, 8.2
experimentation at, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1
as expression of Jefferson’s social status
fields at, 8.1, 8.2
flowerbeds at, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5
forest at, 8.1, 8.2
greenhouse at
Grove at, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2
Jefferson’s fanciful schemes for, 2.1, 5.1, 8.1
lack of vegetable staples at
lawn at, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Mary and Martha’s reports on
Mulberry Row at
native species at
North Road approach to, 8.1, 9.1
orchard at, 8.1, 9.1
as ornamental farm, 8.1, 9.1
profusion of vegetable species planted at
as refuge from politics, 4.1, 5.1, 8.1
remodelled house at, 8.1, 9.1
slaves at, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2
vegetable terrace at, prl.1, prl.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
vineyards at, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1
“worthies” gallery at
Montpelier, prl.1, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
classical temple at, 9.1, 9.2
detached kitchen at, 9.1, 9.2
enlargement of house at
forest at, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
ha-ha at
horseshoe-shaped garden at, 9.1, 9.2
lawn at, 9.1, 9.2
ornamental landscaping favored over utility at, 9.1, 9.2
remodelled grounds at
slaves and slave quarters at, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5
visitors to, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
“worthies” gallery at
moose, 3.1, 9.1
Morella pensylvanica (northern bayberry)
Morocco, 2.1, 2.2
Morris, Robert, 3.1, 3.2
mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 5.1, 8.1
Mount Vernon, prl.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 9.1
approach to
bowling green at, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 5.1
as business enterprise
as celebration of American plants, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1
deer park at
as embodiment of Washington’s vision of America, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1
enclosed gardens at, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1
as expression of Washington’s social status
ha-ha at
kitchen garden at
necessaries (outside toilets) at
non-native species at, 1.1, 1.2
old vineyard at
rennovations to house at, 1.1, 3.1
Serpentine Walk at, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 5.1
“shrubberies” at, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1
sixteen-sided barn at
slaves at, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 9.1
soil replenishment experiments at
tenant farmers at
tree and shrub plantings at, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1
visitors to, 1.1, 9.1
West Gate at
“wilderness” at
Mount Vernon Conference, 1.1, 3.1
Muir, John
mulberry
Munroe, Thomas
Napoleon I, Emperor of France
Narcissus jonquilla
nasturtium
National Gazette
National Intelligencer
national parks
Native Americans, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2
Natural Bridge (Virginia), 7.1, 7.2
nature
balance of
harmony of mankind and, prl.1, prl.3, 9.1
as political metaphor, prl.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1
as refuge from political world, 4.1, 4.2
U.S. national identity as shaped by, prl.1, prl.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 9.1
as wilderness, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 9.1
Nelumbo lutea (American lotus)
New England
New Hampshire, 3.1, 3.2
New Jersey, 3.1, 3.2
New Orleans, La., 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 9.2
New Principles of Gardening (Langley)
Newton, Isaac, 2.1, 2.2
New York, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1
New York, Battle of
New York, N.Y.
Federal Hall in
as temporary U.S. capital, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2
War of Independence in
New York Advertiser
New York Daily Commercial Advertiser
Niagara Falls, 4.1, 7.1
Nicotiana quadrivolus (Mandan tobacco), 7.1, 7.2
Nile
nitrogen
nitrogen cycle
North American Review
North Carolina, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
northern bayberry (Morella pensylvanica)
“Notes on Ancient and Modern Confederacies” (Madison)
Notes on the State of Virginia (Jefferson), 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.1, 9.2
Nyssa sylvatica (black gum; black tupelo), 1.1, 2.1
oak, 9.1, 9.2
oat
Observations on Modern Gardening (Whately), 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 5.1, 8.1, 9.1
Ohio, 9.1, 9.2
Ohio valley, 1.1, 5.1
Oliver, Andrew
olive tree, 3.1, 4.1
ornamental farms (fermes ornées), 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1
Osage orange (Maclura pomifera), 7.1, 7.2, 9.1
Osterley House
Pacific Ocean, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
Paine, Thomas, vii, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 7.1
Painshill, 2.1, 9.1
Palladio, Andrea, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Panic of 1819
Panicum maximum (guinea grass)
panther
Papaver rhoeas (red field poppy)
paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
Paris, Treaty of (1783), 1.1, 2.1, 5.1
Parkyns, George Isham
Parliament, British, American colonies’ representation in, prl.1, prl.2
party politics, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1
Passaic River, 4.1, 6.1
Paterson, N.J.
Paulding, James
Peacefield, prl.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1, 9.1
flower garden at, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4
kitchen garden at, 2.1, 5.1
orchard at, 5.1, 5.2
peach tree, 1.1, 5.1, 8.1
Peale, Charles Willson, 7.1, 7.2
Peale, Rembrandt