60. Charles Spencer, Daily Telegraph, 2 March 1998.
61. Dymkowski, Tempest, p. 34.
62. Kate Kellaway, Observer, 15 August 1993.
63. Irving Wardle, Times, 3 May 1978.
64. Suchet, "Caliban," p. 172.
65. Cicely Berry, in The Tempest, RSC Education Pack, 1995.
66. In 1974 Jeffrey Kissoon played the part in The Other Place as "a slave simply because of his color" (Charles Lewsen, Times, 24 August 1974).
67. Lindley, Tempest, p. 91.
68. Kate Bassett, Independent on Sunday, 12 May 2002.
69. Dymkowski, Tempest, p. 48.
70. RH, Sunday Times, 12 May 2002, p. 16.
71. Charles Spencer, Daily Telegraph, 9 May 2002.
72. The Tempest, RSC Education Pack, 1995, p. 23.
73. David Nathan, Jewish Chronicle, 20 August 1993.
74. Quoted in Trewin, Peter Brook, p. 135.
75. John Peter, Sunday Times, 15 August 1993.
76. Michael Billington, Guardian, 9 May 2002.
77. David Thacker, The Tempest, RSC Education Pack, 1995.
78. James McDonald, interview with Rex Gibson, Times Educational Supplement, 27 October 2000.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND
PICTURE CREDITS
Preparation of "The Tempest in Performance" was assisted by two generous grants: from the CAPITAL Centre (Creativity and Performance in Teaching and Learning) of the University of Warwick, for research in the RSC archive at the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust; and from the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) for a term's research leave that enabled Jonathan Bate to work on "The Director's Cut."
Picture research by Helen Robson and Jan Sewell. Grateful acknowledgment is made to the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust for assistance with picture research and reproduction fees.
Images of RSC productions are supplied by the Shakespeare Centre Library and Archive, Stratford-upon-Avon. This library, maintained by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, holds the most important collection of Shakespeare material in the UK, including the Royal Shakespeare Company's official archives. It is open to the public free of charge.
For more information see www.shakespeare.org.uk.
1. Frank Benson as Caliban (1897). Reproduced by permission of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
2. Alan Badel as Ariel (1951). Angus McBean (c) Royal Shakespeare Company.
3. Directed by Ron Daniels (1982). Joe Cocks Studio Collection (c) Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
4. Directed by Sam Mendes (1993). Malcolm Davies (c) Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
5. Directed by Peter Brook (1957). Angus McBean (c) Royal Shakespeare Company.
6. Directed by Michael Boyd (2002). Manuel Harlan (c) Royal Shakespeare Company.
7. Directed by Rupert Goold (2006). Manuel Harlan (c) Royal Shakespeare Company.
8. Bakary Sangare as Ariel in La Tempete. Directed by Peter Brook (1990) (c) Gilles Abegg.
9. Reconstructed Elizabethan Playhouse (c) Charcoalblue.
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Act 1 Scene 1
1.1 Location: a ship at sea
1.1 Boatswain ship's chief officer
2 cheer news/encouragement
3 Good good fellow/good, you're there
3 yarely swiftly
4 Bestir be active
5 hearts hearties
5 Cheerly heartily, willingly
5 Yare quick
6 Take ... topsail reducing the sail lessens the force of the wind pushing the ship toward land 6 Tend pay attention to
6 Blow ... enough blow until you burst, as long as we have enough rock-free sea to maneuver in 8 have take
9 Play the act like
12 mar ruin
15 Hence be gone
15 roarers waves/riotous people
19 counsellor adviser/member of the king's council
20 work ... present calm the current events
20 hand handle
23 hap happen
25 he ... gallows "he that is born to be hanged shall never be drowned" (proverbial) 26 mark ominous indicator
27 rope of his destiny i.e. the hangman's noose
28 cable anchor rope
30 Down ... topmast reduce the height of the ship's main mast (to increase stability) 31 to ... course i.e. as near as possible to a standstill 32 our office we are as we undertake our work
33 o'er up
35 pox plague
38 cur dog
40 warrant ... drowning guarantee he will not drown
41 unstanched promiscuous/sexually unsatisfied/menstruating freely 43 Lay her ahold keep the ship steady by sailing close to the wind 43 Set ... to raise both foresail and mainsail in order to drive the ship into open sea 46 must ... cold i.e. must we die/must our prayers be ineffective 50 merely completely
51 wide-chopped loud-mouthed/with mouth wide open
52 ten tides pirates were hanged on the shore where their bodies remained during three tides 53 hanged yet i.e. will survive to be hanged on land 55 at wid'st wide open
55 glut swallow
56 We split the ship is splitting apart/we are shipwrecked 61 furlong 220 yards
62 acre furlong
62 long heath heather
62 brown furze withered gorse
63 fain rather
Act 1 Scene 2
1.2 Location: the rest of the play is set in various parts of Prospero's island
1.2 Prospero from Latin for "to cause to succeed"; in Italian and Spanish means "fortunate, prosperous"
1.2 Miranda from Latin for "to wonder, marvel"; means "she who is admired"
1 art skill, magic, learni
ng
2 allay calm
3 pitch black substance obtained from boiling tar
4 welkin's sky's
5 fire lightning
6 brave splendid
11 or ere before
13 fraughting souls those constituting the freight (cargo) 14 collected calm, composed
15 amazement fear/wonder
22 whence I am where I am from
22 more better of a higher rank
23 full poor cell very humble dwelling, often that of a hermit or monk 24 no greater father no more important a father than this cell suggests 25 More to know desire to know more
26 meddle with mingle with/intrude upon
33 provision foresight
35 perdition loss, damage
36 Betid happened
41 bootless inquisition useless inquiry
44 ope open
48 Out fully
52 Hath ... remembrance remains in your memory
54 assurance certainty
55 warrants guarantees
56 tended cared for/waited upon
59 backward past period
59 abysm abyss, gulf
60 aught anything
67 piece exemplar, image
70 no worse issued (you are) of no less noble birth
73 blessed fortunate
76 holp helped
78 o'th'teen of the trouble
78 turned you to caused you
79 from absent from
81 mark pay attention to
82 perfidious treacherous
84 manage management
85 signories domains/governing bodies of Italian states
86 prime foremost
87 liberal arts seven scholastic disciplines: grammar, logic, rhetoric, music, astronomy, geometry, arithmetic 90 state country/role as duke
90 stranger estranged
90 transported And rapt absorbed and enraptured
94 perfected skilled (in)
94 suits petitions, requests
96 trash for over-topping rein in for being overly ambitious 96 new ... mine promoted or gave new positions to Prospero's officials (creatures) 97 changed 'em substituted others for them/altered their duties 98 new formed 'em created new positions/changed their allegiances 98 key control (plays on senses of "musical key" and "tuning key") 100 that so that
101 ivy ... trunk the rapid growth of ivy on a tree's trunk can choke or poison the tree 102 verdure sap/vitality/power
105 worldly ends i.e. state or governmental duties 106 closeness solitude
107 but only
107 retired secluded, secret
108 O'er-prized ... rate outstripped the people's understanding/was too precious for the people to value 110 good parent "good parents breed bad children" (proverbial) 110 beget of breed in
111 falsehood ... contrary deception which, in its opposing nature, was 113 sans without
113 lorded made lord
115 else exact otherwise demand
115 one ... lie i.e. one who has lied so frequently that he has made his memory false (a sinner) by coming to believe in his own lies 116 into unto
116 it i.e. the lie
119 out o'th'substitution as a result of having usurped me 120 th'outward face the appearance
124 screen separation/obstacle
125 him i.e. himself; Antonio benefits from playing the role of duke 126 Absolute Milan wholly the Duke of Milan and wielding absolute power 127 temporal royalties practical concerns of state
128 Confederates (he) conspires
129 dry thirsty, desperate
129 sway power
130 tribute payment of an agreed sum
131 Subject ... crown subject himself to Alonso, the king (a duke wore a coronet) 132 yet as yet
135 condition pact/disposition
135 event outcome
136 If ... brother if this might be the action of a brother/if I might be the brother to such a man 138 but anything but
142 inveterate long-standing
142 hearkens listens to
143 he i.e. the King of Naples
143 in ... homage in return for the conditions of allegiance/servility 144 tribute money
145 presently extirpate immediately uproot
151 ministers agents
151 thence away
155 hint experience/occasion
160 impertinent irrelevant
164 durst dared
167 painted dressed up, disguised
168 few brief
168 barque small ship
170 butt barrel
172 hoist launched
175 loving wrong i.e. although they blew us to sea, the winds pitied us 178 cherubin angel
181 decked covered/adorned
181 drops full salt i.e. tears
182 which i.e. Miranda's smile
183 undergoing stomach courage to endure
190 design plan
191 stuffs equipment, provisions
192 steaded much been very useful
192 gentleness nobleness
196 Would I wish
199 Sit still remain seated
201 more profit benefit far more
203 vainer more idle
203 careful caring/painstaking
209 my dear lady i.e. Fortune
210 prescience foresight/visionary power
211 zenith peak of fortune (literally, highest point of the heavens) 212 influence power/invisible substance supposed to stream from stars and affect one's destiny 213 omit ignore
215 dullness sleepiness
216 it way in to it
218 Ariel as well as having connotations of "airiness," the name is Hebrew for "lion of God"; also the name of a magical spirit in various occult texts; perhaps evocative of the archangel Uriel 219 Grave learned, respected, dignified
222 task instruct
223 quality skills/other spirits
225 to point in every respect
227 beak prow
228 waist middle
229 flamed amazement appeared as a terrifying fire
231 yards crossbars on masts
231 bowsprit long pole that holds a sail
232 Jove's ... thunderclaps thunder and lightning were the chief weapons of the king of the gods 234 sight-outrunning quicker than the eye can follow
235 Neptune Roman god of the sea
237 trident three-pronged spear, carried by Neptune
239 coil turmoil
242 of the mad such as mad people suffer
242 played ... desperation displayed symptoms of despair, recklessness 245 all afire i.e. the ship caught fire
246 up-staring standing on end
254 sustaining necessary/buoyant
256 troops groups
258 cooling of cooling
259 angle nook, corner
260 sad knot i.e. folded, a sign of melancholy
266 dew a common ingredient of magic potions
267 still-vexed Bermudas the Bermuda islands were famed for fearful storms 268 under hatches i.e. below deck
269 charm spell
269 suffered labour i.e. the tiring work performed during the storm 272 float sea
279 mid season noon
280 two glasses two hourglasses (so it is about 2 p.m.) 281 preciously valuably
282 pains work, effort
283 remember remind
285 Moody ill-humored/stubborn/willful
288 time be out fixed period of service is over
292 or either
293 bate me deduct from my term of service
297 tread ... deep walk on the muddy sand of the ocean floor 304 Sycorax name of uncertain origin, possibly derived from Greek sus ("pig") and korax ("raven"), animals associated with witchcraft 305 hoop i.e. bent posture
308 Algiers seaport capital of Algeria, in North Africa 314 for ... life probably meaning that Sycorax was pregnant and therefore could not be executed 317 blue-eyed with dark circles under the eyes or with blue
eyelids, thought to be a sign of pregnancy 317 hag witch
317 with child pregnant
320 for because
320 delicate fine in quality/ethereal
321 earthy coarse/of the earth
322 hests commands
323 ministers assistants
324 unmitigable impossible to assuage
325 cloven cleft, split
329 As ... strike as often as each blade of a waterwheel hits the water 330 litter give birth to (term applied to animals)
331 whelp puppy, son of a bitch
331 hag-born born of a witch
333 Caliban anagram of "can[n]ibal"; perhaps derived from the Romany word caulibon ("dark thing") 334 Dull thing may refer to Ariel or Caliban
335 in service as a servant
337 wolves ... bears i.e. even moved fierce beasts 341 gape open
344 murmur'st complain
344 rend tear apart
345 peg fasten
345 entrails innards (literally, intestines)
348 correspondent responsive, obedient
349 spriting magical actions of a sprite (spirit)
349 gently quietly, tamely
351 discharge free
360 Heaviness sleepiness
364 villain base, lowborn/wicked person
366 miss do without
367 offices duties
369 earth earthy thing/low creature/piece of dirt
373 quaint ingenious/elegant
376 got conceived
377 dam mother
379 fen swampy ground
380 southwest winds from the southwest were thought to bring damp, disease-ridden air 383 urchins hedgehogs/spirits in hedgehog form
384 vast expanse/long period
385 exercise work
386 As ... honeycomb i.e. as many times as there are cells in a honeycomb/so that you resemble a honeycomb 387 Than than the
387 'em i.e. honeycombs
392 berries possibly grapes to make a mild wine, or juniper berries, which would create a kind of gin 393 bigger ... less i.e. the sun and moon
396 brine-pits pools of saltwater
397 charms spells
398 light alight
400 sty pen up, confine
401 hard rock cave
404 stripes lashes of a whip
404 kindness good will/natural feeling/kinship
404 used treated
405 humane human/benevolent
406 violate ... child i.e. rape Miranda
409 I ... else otherwise I would have populated
412 print imprint, image
413 capable ... ill only susceptible to evil/able to perform any kind of evil 418 race innate disposition
422 more more punishment
424 red-plague red sores were caused by, among other diseases, the plague 424 rid destroy
425 learning teaching
426 Hag-seed offspring of a witch
427 thou'rt best you would be better off
430 rack torture
430 old cramps plentiful cramps/cramps of old age/cramps similar to those Caliban has experienced previously 435 Setebos a Patagonian god mentioned in sixteenth-century travel narratives 436 vassal servant, slave
441 whist (become) silent
442 Foot it featly dance skillfully
444 burden chorus, refrain
448 strain song