Harris, Delilah
Harris, Ella
Harris, Orris
Harris, Rachel
Harris, Sallie
Harrison, B. E.
Harrison, Samuel
USS Hartford
Haskins, Joseph
Hawkins, Eliza
Hawthorne, J. B.
Hayes, Rutherford B.
Hazel, Dennis
Head, Elbert
Heather, Mr.
Henderson, Albert
Henderson, Henry
Henderson, Morris
Henderson, Phoebe
Herrin, Evie
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth
Highgate, Edmonia G.
Hildebrand, Reginald
Hoke, Mrs.
Holland, William H.
Holloway, Harriet
Holloway, Richard
Holman, Charlie
Holmes, Benjamin
Holmes, George Washington
Holmes, James H.
Holmes, Louisa
Holt, Harriet
Holt, Joseph
Holt, Orange
Holt, W. R.
Hood, James Walker
Hopley, Catherine
Horn, Celia
Horn, Reese
House servants and slaves
Howard, Oliver O.
Howard University; Medical School
Hoy, Martha
Hughes, Frank
Hunt, Adella
Hunter, David
Hunter, William
Impressment
Indian Territory
Industrialism
Inferiority, white belief in black
Ingram, Linton Stephens
Ingram, Wash
Insubordination, black
Insurrections
Irvin, Squire
Isabelle, Robert H.
Iverson, Gabriel P.
Jackson, Maggie
Jackson, Martin
Jackson, William
Jacobs, Elizabeth
Jacobs, Harriet
Jacobs, Turner
Jacoway, Lucinda
James, Eliza
Jameson, George W.
Jasper, John
Jefferson, Mr.
Jefferson, Israel
Jefferson, Thomas
Jenkins, Lewis
Johnson, Andrew
Johnson, Anna
Johnson, Hannah
Johnson, J. R.
Johnson, Marcia
Johnson, Milly
Johnson, Prince
Johnson, W. B.
Johnson, William
Jones, Dudley
Jones, Harriet
Jones, Julius
Jones, Mandy
Judicial system
Kamper, Jane
USS Kearsarge
Keaton, Francis
Keckley, Elizabeth
Keithfield plantation
Kelley, William D.
Kelly, Georgiana
Keyes, Alan
Kinnard, Richard
Kinship bonds
Kock, Bernard
Ku Klux Klan (KKK): establishment of; white violence and
Labor unions
Laird, Robert
Land: efforts to prevent blacks from acquiring; given by planters to former slaves; Sea Islands blacks required to return; speculators in
Land ownership; battles over; distribution program; freedmen victimized by false sales; moral rights to; myth of redistribution in South; passion for; struggle for
Lands, Susan
Lane College
Langley, Jack
Langston, John M.
Lawson, John
Leary, Matthew N.
Lee, Anna
Lee, Candace
Lee, Elvira
Lee, Jim
Lee, Martin
Lee, Robert E.
Lee, Samuel J.
Leland University
Lew, Barzillai
Lewis, Matilda
Libby Prison
Liberia
Lincoln, Abraham; assassination of, and impact; attitudes and beliefs about blacks; and black freedom; and black prisoners of war; blacks on; Douglass on; election of; and Fort Sumter; image as Great Emancipator; letters to; meetings and encounters with blacks; military orders and decisions; on objective of Civil War; observances of his death; opposition to candidacy of; plan for emancipation; reassures Southerners regarding slavery; resolutions honoring memory of; Southerners’ opposition to; and Thirteenth Amendment; visit to Richmond. See also Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln, Mary Todd
Literacy and illiteracy. See also Education
Littlefield, Colonel
Livingstone College
Lockwood, Lewis C.
Logan, Rayford
Lomax, Thomas
Long, Thomas
Longshoremen
Louisiana: black insubordination in; white violence in
Louveste, Mary
Love, Nat
Love, Willis
Lucas, James
Lumpkin, Frank
Lynch, James
Lynch, John R.
Lynchings
Mack, Delia
Mack, Richard
Mackey, T. J.
Maddox, Jack
Maddox, Rosa
Magee, Primus
Maho, Charles
Manning, Allen
Mapps, Samuel
Marital relations. See also Gender roles
Marlow, John Wesley
Marriage bonds, legislation of: after emancipation
Marriage(s): arranged; ceremonies and weddings; after emancipation; importance among slaves; interracial; and the law; multiple; and separation; between siblings
Marrow, George
Marrs, Elijah P.
Marshall, Ann
Martin, James
Martin, J. Sella
Massachusetts, military in
Massacres; of freedmen
Massie, Israel
Matthews, W. D.
Matthews, William
Mayo, Jordina
Mayzck, Sallie
McCarty family
McClellan, George B.
McCree, Mary Pope
McCullum, James
McGaffey, Henry Lewis
McNair, Chaney
McNeil, Bill
Medical care
Menard, John W.
Merritt, Susan
Methodists
Metts, M. A.
Metts, Susanna
Middleln, Miss
Migration, black; of the South. See also Colonization
Military: black officers; blacks in Union; freedmen offering services to Union; objective(s); racism in. See also Army, Confederate; Army, Union; Enlisting in military
Military emancipation. See also Confiscation Acts
Military recruiters and recruits. See also Confiscation Acts
Militia Act
Miller, Mrs.
Miller, Celia
Miller, G. P.
Miller, George Washington
Miller, Joseph
Miller, P. W.
Miller, Wister
Miner, Sarah
Miners and mining companies
Ministers, white: and slaves
Miscegenation
Mississippi, preventing land sales to blacks
Missouri, recruiting parties in
Mitchell, Aaron
Monroe, James
Montgomery, Captain
Montgomery, James
Moore, A. M.
Moore, Amanda
Moore, William
Morehouse College
Morris Brown College
Mosby, John Singleton
Moses, Charles
Moultrie, Magdalen
Moye, Calvin
Mulattoes; elites
Mundy, Lewis
Murphy, Miss
Mutiny, black troops c
harged with
Myers, Isaac
Nalen, Julia
Names and surnames, adoption of
Nash, William
Nashville Colored Tennessean
National Freedmen’s Savings and Trust Company
National Medical Association
National Militia Act of 1792, 5
National Women Suffrage Association
Native Americans; genocidal policies toward; military campaigns against
Navy, Confederate: blacks in
Nelson, James Henry
Nesbit, Ellen
Newbold, Margaret
New England Freedmen’s Aid Society
New Orleans, and Lincoln
New Orleans Black Republican
New Orleans Picayune
New York Herald
New York Times
Nichols, George Ward
“Nigger,” use of term
“No quarter” policy, Confederate
Norfleet, Lizzie
Norfolk County, Virginia
Northern blacks: progress of
Northern Methodist Episcopal Church
Norton, George
Nurses, military
O’Brien, John
Odingsells, Anthony
Ogleby, Beauregard
Ogleby, Drew
Ogleby, Harriet
Oliver, John
Oliver, Mark
Orphans and orphanages
Overton, John
Paine, Adam
Parker, Elijah
Parker, Francis, Sr.
Patterson, Martin
Paul Quinn College
Payne, Daniel
Peake, Mary S.
Pease, Joachim
Penny, Lydia
Penny, Thomas
Perry, Noah
Phillips, Wendell
Physicians, black
Pinchback, P. B. S.
CSS Planter
Poison Spring, Battle of
Political rights. See Civil and political rights
Politicians, black; policies; threat of violence against
Polk, James
Polk, Lizzie
Polk, Nelson
Poor, Salem
Porcher, Frances J.
Porter, David D.
Porter, George
Porter, Sally
Posey, John
Powell, William
Prairie View Normal School
Pratt, B. F.
Prayer; punishment for
Pringle, Ike
Prisoners of war
Property ownership: acquisition of personal items. See also Land ownership
Property rights
Prosser, Gabriel
Prostitution
Pugh, David
Purvis, Mr.
Purvis, Charles B.
Purvis, Hattie
Purvis, Robert
Quahuba
Quaker oaths
Raboteau, Albert
Radical Abolitionist Party
Radical Republicans
Railroads, discrimination against blacks by
Rainey, Joseph H.
Rainey, Mattie
Randall, A. B.
Randall, Millie
Randolph, Franklin
Ransier, Alonzo J.
Rape
Rapier, John
Ravenel, Henry W.
Rawls, Millie
Ray, Aaron
Ray, Alec
Ray, Charles B.
Ray, Julia
Ray, Morgan
Reconstruction Act
Reconstruction era, accomplishments of
Redmoun, Laura
Red Shirts
Reid, Whitelaw
Religion; hypocrisy; secret services. See also Churches; Prayer
Remond, Charles Lenox
Remond, Sarah
Republican Party: diminishing influence of; factions and tensions within; on race and slavery; Radical Republicans
Revels, Hiram
Rice, Minna
Richard, Maria
Richmond, Virginia; liberation and Union occupation of
Riley, Charlotte S.
Robinson, Cornelia
Rock, John S.
Rogers, Joseph
Rogers, Matilda
Rogers, Noah
Rogers, Patsy
Role models, black
Rollin, Charlotte
Rollin, Frances Ann
Rollins, James
Rosecrans, William S.
Ross, Elsie
Ruffin, Josephine
Russell, Rose
Rutling, Thomas
Sailors, black
Saint Augustine’s College
Salem, Peter
Sandles, Charlie
Sasportas, Francis
Sasportas, J.
Savannah, Georgia
Saxton, Rufus
Scantling, Eliza
Schofield, John M.
Schools; building and maintaining; burnings of; integration; “native-schools,” . See also Churches, support for education
Schurz, Carl
Schwalm, Leslie
Scott, General
Scott, Carrie
Scott, Charlotte
Scott, Olmstead
Sea Islands
Segregation and desegregation
Self-reliance, black. See also Economic independence
Selman, George
Settlement, black: areas designated for
Seward, William H.
Sexual behavior, and churches; exploitation; relations between African Americans and whites
Shadd, Eunice B.
Shadd, Mary Ann. See Carey, Mary Ann Shadd
Shaw, Robert Gould
Shaw University
CSS Shenandoah
Shepperd, John
Sherman, William Tecumseh
Shingler, W. P.
Shippen, Fannie
Simmons, Robert
Simons, Charlotte
Simons, Clarissa
Simpson, Mr.
Singer, Charles W.
Singleton, Benjamin “Pap,”
Slave auctions
Slave masters: compensating; freedmen returning to their former; violence against
Slaves: escaping to join North; field and house; proposal to ship them out of country; transported to prevent their capture
Smalls, Robert
Smith, Adam
Smith, Amanda Berry
Smith, Berry
Smith, Celey
Smith, Gerrit
Smith, Jane B.
Smith, Martha
Smith, Mary
Smith, Millie Ann
Sneed, John
Sneed,Joseph
Social class divisions, black
Social equality. See also Civil and political rights
Social problems, following emancipation. See also Benevolent and aid societies
Soldiers, black; captured (see also Prisoners of war); charges against; Confederate fear of; confronting racism; “equal protection” to; mortality; nonmilitary activities in field; Northern blacks’ reasons for participating in war,
Soldiers, black (continued) 43-47; as role models; as “soldiers of God,” 46-47; unequal pay; wounded. See also Army, Union; “No quarter” policy
Soldiers, white: pursuing black women
Soldiers’ Aid Society
South Carolina: Low Country; secession from Union
Southern Homestead Act of 1866,
Sowell, Thomas
Speed, Mary
Spelman College
Spencer, Henry S.
Spicer, Anna
Spicer, Laura
Spies, black
Stafford, William M.
Stance, Emanuel
Stanley, Sara G.
Stanton, Edwin
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady
Stearns, Ellen
Stephens, Fannie
Stephens, Quinnie
Stevens, Em
ily Calkins
Stevens, Thaddeus
Still, William
Stone, Lucy
Strikes, labor
Stringer, Thomas W.
Sukins, Tom
Sumler, James
Sumner, Charles
Sumple, Thomas
Sutherlin, John L.
Swayne, N. H.
Swinton, Judith
Synder, Mariah
Talladega College
Taylor, Jim
Taylor, Spencer
Taylor, Susie King
Taylor, William “Red,”
Taylor Barracks
Teachers; black. See also Education; Schools
Tennessee. See Fort Pillow massacre
Terrorist organizations. See also Ku Klux Klan
Texas, white violence in
Theaters, discrimination in
Thirteenth Amendment
Thomas, Clarence
Thomas, Edward J.
Thompson, George
Thompson, Laura
Thompson, Sarah
Tilden, Samuel J.
Tilton, Theodore
Tines, Amelia
Toles, S. H.
Toombs, Robert
Tougaloo College
Towne, Laura M.
Towns, William Henry
Townsend, E. D.
Townsend, William
Townsley, Ella
Transportation, segregation and discrimination in
Travel restrictions
Trotter, James M.
Trowbridge, John
Truth, Sojourner
Tubman, Harriet
Tucker, Alpheus
Turner, Bart
Turner, Henry M.
Turner, James
Turner, Julia
Turner, Nat
Underdue, James
Uprisings, slave
Upshaw, Mattie
U.S. v. Cruikshank
U.S. v. Reese
Vaughan, Carry
Vesey, Denmark
Vesey, Robert
Vetter, John
Vigilantism; vigilante groups
Violence: against blacks by other blacks; against slave masters; white racial
Voting rights; efforts to prevent blacks from voting for Democrats. See also Fifteenth Amendment
Waldrop, Dave
Walker, Captain
Walker, Edwin
Walker, Gilbert
Walker, William
Wall, O. S. B.
Waller, Tom
Wallis, Jane
Walls, J. T.
Walton, Henry
Warfield, William A.
Waring, Williams
Warmouth, Henry C.
Washington, Booker T.
Washington, Lucretia
Washington, Mary
Washington, Robert
Washington, Smart
Waters, J. C.
USS Water Witch
Weathersby, George
Weathersby, Steve
Weehaw plantation
Weeks, Edward
Welch, Isaiah H.
Welles, Gideon
Wells, Ida B.
Wells Brown, William
Wester, Thomas B.
Weston, William O.
Whipper, William
White, Charley
White, Garland H.
Whiton, S. J.
Whittfield, Mr.
Wilberforce University