octopods
Octopus dofleini. See giant Pacific octopus (GPO) (Octopus dofleini)
Octopus Enrichment Notebook
octopuses: anatomy
arms
autotomy and autophagy
color-changing ability
ctenoglossans
defense mechanisms
and evolution
in fiction and folklore
in films
habitat, water-column
intelligence
neurons
and personality
predation
prey puzzles
propulsion and navigation
reproduction
resting behavior
sensory system
siphon
and size
skin color and texture changes
solitary behavior
suckers
“tool use”
octopus species: blue-ringed octopus
mimic octopus
Octopus wolfi
Taningia danae
two-spot octopus
Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis.
See also giant Pacific octopus (GPO) (Octopus dofleini)
Octopus wolfi
octopus wrestling
Ogasawara Islands (Japan)
Ordovician period
otoliths (organs)
Owen, Richard
oxygen: and circulatory system
gills
and ocean levels
and water temperature
Packard, A. S.
Painlevé, Jean
paper nautilus
Papoulias, Bill
Parkinson’s disease
Pasteur, Louis
Patton, Paul
penicillin
“pen” squid
Pepperberg, Irene
PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals)
pharmaceuticals. See medicines
photophores
Piccot, Theophilus
Pieribone, Vincent
Plectronoceras
Plum Island, Massachusetts
poison. See toxins
Portugal
predation: bioluminescence used for
and evolution
and food chain
and intelligence
prey puzzles
Prince Edward Island mussels
propulsion and steering: ability to “fly”
and evolution
mantle used for
and octupuses
Providence College
pseudomorph
Purdy, Jesse
puzzles: cuttlefish maze
prey puzzles
Pynchon, Thomas
radula
Ramón y Cajal, Santiago
rays, torpedo
Rehling, Mark
reproduction. See mating and reproduction
respiration: and gills. See also oxygen
resting behavior
robotics
Roeleveld, Martina
Rollinson, Amy
Romer, Alfred
Roper, Clyde F.: Architeuthis research
bitten by Humboldt squid
on cephalopod intelligence
on species terminology
sperm whale expeditions
on squid “counter-shading”
Royal Society
Ruby, Edward
Ruderman, Joan
Rush, Richard
“Sammy” (GPO)
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
Sapolsky, Robert
Schaik, Carel van
Schlinger, Barney
sea hare (Aplysia)
Sea of Cortez
Seattle Aquarium
sea turtles
sea urchins
self-mutilation
self-recognition studies
sensory system
chemoreceptors
and intelligence
smell receptors
taste buds. See also eyesight
“serendipitous” findings, in science
sharks
Shedd Aquarium
Shelley, Mary
shells, and evolution
Shimomura, Osamu
shrimp
Shubin, Neil
skin, and communication
skin coloration. See color-changing ability
smell receptors
Smithsonian Institution
Architeuthis specimen displayed in.
See also Roper, Clyde F.
snails
social behavior, and intelligence
“social learning”
Southern Ocean
Southwestern University (Texas)
spermatophores
sperm whales
sponges
squid: age-determination methods
and aggression
anatomy
body translucence
chromatophores
circulatory system
defense mechanisms
and diet
and evolution
fossil study
habitat, water-column
intelligence
juvenile
life span
mating and reproduction
medical research applications
migration patterns
nervous system
and predation
resting behavior
sensory system
shared human characteristics
and size
skin color and texture changes
social behavior
speed and mobility
squid species: Asperoteuthis
acanthoderma
bathyscaphoid squid
Caribbean reef squid
Euprymna scolopes (Hawaiian bobtail squid)
Heteroteuthis dispar
Japanese flying squid
Loligo opalescens
long-armed squid
Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni (colossal squid)
Moroteuthis robusta
Taningia danae
Vampyroteuthis infernalis
See also giant squid (Kraken) (Architeuthis); Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas); Loligo pealei
Squids4Kids program
Squires, Daniel
Staaf, Danna
Stanford University
statoliths (organs)
Stewart, Julie: Architeuthis dissection (2008)
Humboldt squid population research
Monterey Bay research cruise (November 2009)
Ocean Sciences 2010 presentation
stomachs
Stow, Dorrik
strandings, sea life
Strömgren Allen, Nina
sucker rings
suckers
and bioluminescence
chemoreceptors in
and “suction cups”
teeth and hooks on
surf clams
tags, tracking
Taningia danae. See Dana octopus squid (Taningia danae)
taste buds
Tchernichovsky, Ofer
teeth, sucker
temperament
frustration behavior
temperature, water: effect of, on oxygen levels
tentacle elasticity
tentacles
and brain function
toxins in. See also feeding tentacles
teuthology
Thompson, J. J.
“tool use”
toxins: domoic acid
mercury levels
and octopuses
and squid
tracking tags
translucence, body
“Truman” (GPO)
two-spot octopus
ubiquitin
UCLA
University of Colorado at Boulder
University of Illinois
urbilateria
Vale, Ron
vampire squi
d (Vampyroteuthis infernalis)
Van Sommeran, Sean
Verne, Jules
Video-Enhanced Microscopy
Voss, Gilbert
Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis. See deep-sea octopus (Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis)
Waal, Franz de
Walpole, Horace
water-column habitat
water temperature: and oxygen
wavelengths, light
whales. See blue whales; sperm whales
Wilson, E. O.
Wood, James B.
Woods Hole, Massachusetts. See Marine Biological Laboratory
Yale University
Yeomans, Rob
Young, John Zachary
zebra finch
Zeidberg, Lou
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
WENDY WILLIAMS is the author of several books, including the recent Cape Wind: Money, Celebrity, Class, Politics, and the Battle for Our Energy Future on Nantucket Sound. Her journalism has appeared in Scientific American, Science, the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, Parade magazine, Conservation Biology, the Boston Globe, and in many other publications. She has won a number of awards for investigative reporting, and in 2007 Cape Wind was named one of the year’s ten best environmental books by Booklist and one of the year’s best science books by Library Journal. She lives in Mashpee, Massachusetts, on Cape Cod.
EDITOR: David Cashion
DESIGNER: Sarah Gifford
PRODUCTION MANAGER: Alison Gervais
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Williams, Wendy.
Kraken : the curious, exciting, and slightly disturbing science of squid / by Wendy Williams.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8109-8465-3 (alk. paper)
1. Squids. I. Title.
QL430.2.W55 2010
594’.58—dc22
2010032489
Text copyright © 2010 Wendy Williams
Published in 2011 by Abrams Image, an imprint of ABRAMS.
All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher.
Abrams Image books are available at special discounts when purchased in quantity for premiums and promotions as well as fundraising or educational use. Special editions can also be created to specification.
For details, contact specialmarkets@abramsbooks.com or the address below.
www.abramsbooks.com
WENDY WILLIAMS is the author of several books, including most recently Cape Wind: Money, Celebrity, Class, Politics, and the Battle for Our Energy Future (with Robert Whitcomb). Her journalism has appeared in Scientific American, Science, the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, Parade magazine, Conservation Biology, the Boston Globe, and many other publications. She has won a number of awards for investigative reporting, and in 2007 Cape Wind was named one of the year's ten best environmental books by Booklist and one of the year's best science books by Library Journal. She lives on Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
Cover design by Sarah Gifford
Author photograph by Greg Auger
Front jacket: Cover artwork from Kunstformen
der Natur (1904) by Ernst Haeckel
115 West 18th Street
New York, NY 10011
www.abramsimage.com
PRAISE FOR WENDY WILLIAMS
KRAKEN:
THE CURIOUS, EXCITING, AND SLIGHTLY DISTURBING SCIENCE OF SQUID
“Kraken extracts pure joy, intellectual exhilaration, and deep wonder from the most unlikely of places—squid. It is hard to read Wendy Williams's luminous account and not feel the thrill of discovery of the utterly profound connections we share with squid and all other living things on the planet. With wit, passion, and skill as a storyteller, Williams has given us a beautiful window into our world and ourselves.”
— NEIL SHUBIN, AUTHOR OF YOUR INNER FISH
“Wendy Williams's Kraken weaves vignettes of stories about historical encounters with squid and octopus, with stories of today's scientists who are captivated by these animals. Her compelling book has the power to change your worldview about these creatures of the sea, while telling the gripping, wholly comprehensible story of the ways in which these animals have changed human medical history.”
— MARK J. SPALDING, PRESIDENT, THE OCEAN FOUNDATION
CAPE WIND: MONEY, CELEBRITY, CLASS, POLITICS, AND THE BATTLE FOR OUR ENERGY FUTURE
“A genuine page-turner . . . gleefully entertaining.” —BOSTON GLOBE
“A great summer beach read . . . Cape Wind is less an argument for wind power than an indictment of our money-soaked political process.”
—NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW
“Breezy and informative fun.” —WEEKLY STANDARD
A Booklist Top Ten Environmental Book of the Year
A Library Journal Best Science Book of the Year