Index
Adam of Bremen, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Almquist, Bo, [>]
alphabets, [>], [>]–[>]
Althing (meeting of Icelandic chieftains), [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
amber, [>], [>], [>]
Anderson, J. R. L., [>]–[>]
Anderson, Rasmus B., [>]
Andersson, Eva, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, [>], [>]–[>]
anthropology, [>], [>], [>]
forensic, [>]
archaeology
absorption spectrophotometry in, [>]
backhoes and, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
carbon-14 dating methods in, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
diet analysis in, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
DNA analysis in, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
experimental, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
GPS grids in, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
graves in. See graves
Greenland ice cap and, [>], [>]
ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
Icelandic attitudes toward, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
midden (garbage pit) studies in, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
nature of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
permits and, [>]
photography in, [>], [>]–[>]
pollen analysis in, [>], [>], [>]
ransacking in, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
remote-sensing devices in, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
sagas versus, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
soil dating in, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
tephra and tephrochronology in, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
thin-layer chromatography in, [>]
tree-ring studies in, [>], [>], [>], [>]
trowels in, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
underwater, [>]–[>]
volcanic ash studies in, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Ari the Learned, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Arnarstapi, Iceland, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Arneborg, Jette, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Arni Magnusson, [>], [>]–[>]
Arnor Old-Woman’s Nose, [>], [>]
Arthurian literature, [>]–[>], [>]
Asa, Queen, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]. See also Oseberg ship burial astrolabe, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
backhoes, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Baffin Island, Canada, [>]–[>], [>]
baleen, [>], [>], [>]
barley, [>], [>], [>]
Bayeux Tapestry, [>]–[>]
beads
amber, [>], [>]
glass, [>], [>]
in graves, [>], [>]
bearing-dials, [>]
beds, [>], [>], [>]
beeswax, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Beothuck Indians, [>]–[>]
Bergthora, [>]–[>], [>]
birch, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Bird Cove, Newfoundland, [>]
Birka, Sweden, [>], [>]–[>]
bishops
descendants of Gudrid, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
of Greenland, [>]
of Iceland, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Bjarni Herjolfsson, [>], [>]
Bjorkedal, Ottar, [>]
Bjorkedal, Sigurd, [>], [>]
Bjorn Gilsson, Bishop, [>]
Black Death, [>]–[>]
Blondal, Sigurdur, [>]–[>]
bogbean plant, [>]
bog iron, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Bolender, Douglas, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
Bolli, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
bone-jelly porridge, [>]
bones. See also fish bones; graves
of cats, [>]
of dogs, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
excavation of, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
food sources based on, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
human, analysis of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
uses of, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Book of Flatey, [>]–[>]
Book of the Icelanders, The (Ari the Learned), [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Borges, Jorge Luis, [>]
Boron, Robert de, [>]
Brand Saemundarson, Bishop, [>]–[>], [>]
Brattahlid, Greenland
farm of Eirik the Red at, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
modern settlement at, [>]–[>]
Thjodhild’s Church at, [>]–[>], [>]
Breidfjord, Sigurdur, [>]
British Isles. See also Hebrides; Scotland Icelandic settlers from, [>]–[>]
Norse legacy in, [>]–[>], [>]
St. Brice’s Day massacre in, [>]–[>]
brooches, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
buckets, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
bulls, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
burls, [>], [>]–[>]
butter, [>]–[>]
butternuts (white walnuts), [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Byzantium. See Constantinople
Canada
Baffin Island, [>]–[>], [>]
Bird Cove, [>]
L’Anse aux Meadows, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Miramichi River, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
New Brunswick, [>], [>], [>]
Newfoundland, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Quebec, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Straits of Belle Isle, [>], [>]
canoes, [>]–[>]
carbon-14 dating methods, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
carbon isotopes, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
cargo ships, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Carlson, Catherine, [>]
Carter, Hodding, [>]
Carter, Tara, [>], [>], [>]
Cartier, Jacques, [>]–[>]
cats, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Celtic Christianity, [>]–[>]
Center for Textile Research, Copenhagen, [>]–[>]
Change of Ways, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Charlemagne, [>], [>]
cheese, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
chieftains, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Chretien de Troyes, [>]
Christensen, Arne Emil, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Christianity, [>]–[>]. See also bishops; popes
attitudes toward death and, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
burial customs, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Celtic, [>]–[>]
churches, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
conversion to, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
equality and, [>], [>]
in Greenland, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Gudrid’s pilgrimage to Rome, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Gudrid as a nun, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
in Iceland, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
ivory and, [>]–[>], [>]
Norway and, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
in poetry, [>]
Vikings and, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
women and, [>]–[>]
climate change, [>], [>]
cloth. See also weaving; wool
dyes of, [>], [>], [>]
economics of, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
in graves, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
l
inen, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
red, [>], [>]
shaggy weave (fake fur), [>], [>]–[>]
silk, [>], [>]–[>]
twill, [>]–[>], [>]
clothing, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Clover, Carol, [>], [>]
cod, [>], [>], [>], [>]
collapse of Greenland Norse society, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Columbus, Christopher, [>], [>], [>]
Constantinople, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Cortereal, Gaspar de, [>]–[>]
cows, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
cross and crucifix, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Crumlin-Pedersen, Ole, [>]–[>], [>]
Cuchulainn, [>]
Damiata, Brian, [>], [>]–[>]
days of the week, [>]
death. See also graves
attitudes toward, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Christian burial customs, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Otherworld, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
pagan burial customs, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Decker, George, [>], [>], [>]
DeLaguna, Frederica, [>]
democracy, in Iceland, [>]–[>]
dendrochronology, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Denmark
Center for Textile Research, Copenhagen, [>]–[>]
National Museum of, Copenhagen, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Iceland independence movement and, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
Skuldelev ships, [>]–[>]
Viking Ship Museum, Roskilde, [>]–[>]
Diamond, Jared, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
diet. See also archaeology; bones
in Greenland, [>]–[>]
in Iceland, [>]–[>], [>]
Disko Island, Greenland, [>]–[>]
Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (Hakluyt), [>]
divorce, [>]
DNA analysis, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
dogs, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
bones of, [>], [>]
in graves, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
lapdogs, [>]
Dorset Eskimos, [>]
Drangey, Iceland, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
dried fish, [>]
drift ice. See ice
driftwood, [>]
Dublin, Ireland, [>], [>], [>]
DuBois, Thomas, [>]–[>], [>]
Dudo of Normandy, [>]
Durrenberger, Paul, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
dyes, [>], [>], [>]
Earle, Tim, [>]
Eggertsson, Gunnar Marel, [>]–[>], [>]
Egil's Saga, [>]–[>], [>]
eider ducks and eider down, [>], [>], [>]
Einar (Gudrid’s suitor), [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Einar of Laugarbrekka (Gudrid’s grandfather), [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Eiriksijord (“Eirik’s Fjord”), Greenland [>], [>]. See also Brattahlid, Greenland
Eiriksson, Leif. See Leif Eiriksson
Eiriksson, Thorstein. See Thorstein Eiriksson (Gudrid’s husband)
Eirik the Red, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]. See also Saga of Eirik the Red, The
banishment from Iceland, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
Brattahlid, Greenland, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
discovery of Greenland, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Eiriksstadir (“Eirik’s Homestead”), Iceland, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Freydis (bastard daughter of), [>]–[>]
house building and, [>]–[>]
Land-Taking (985), [>]
Thorbjorn Vifilsson (Gudrid’s father) and, [>]–[>]
elephant ivory, [>], [>]
elves (Hidden Folk), [>], [>]
EM-31, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Enghoff, Inge Bodker, [>]
Erlendsson, Hauk, [>]–[>]
Erlingsson, Thorsteinn, [>]–[>]
Eskimos, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
experimental archaeology, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Eyrbyggja Saga, [>]–[>], [>]
Eysteinsson, Throstur, [>]–[>]
Fabricius, Otho, [>]
Farm Beneath the Sand, Greenland, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
“Farm of Merry Noise.” See Glaumbaer (“Farm of Merry Noise”), Iceland
farming, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
fish bones, [>]–[>]
fishing, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Flateyjarbók (“Book of Flatey”), [>]–[>]
flax, [>], [>]
flies, [>]
forensic anthropology, [>]
fortune-telling, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Freydis, [>]–[>], [>]
Fridrek, Bishop, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Frobisher, Martin, [>]
furs, [>], [>], [>]
fake, [>], [>]–[>]
futhark (runic alphabet), [>]
Gaia (Viking-ship replica), [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Geirrid, [>]–[>], [>]
Gerbert of Aurillac (Pope Sylvester II), [>], [>]
Gilman, Antonio, [>]
Gisli’s Saga, [>]
glass beads, [>], [>]
Glaum (nickname), [>], [>]–[>]
Glaumbaer (“Farm of Merry Noise”), Iceland
building and maintaining, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
church on property, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
discovery and excavation of ruins, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
as Gudrid’s home, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
horse skull puzzle and, [>], [>]
meaning of name, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Skagafjord Folk Museum at, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
goats, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
Gokstad ship burial, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Goodman, Dean, [>]–[>]
GPR. See ground-penetrating radar
GPR-Slice, [>]–[>]
GPS grids, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Grágas (“Gray Goose”) law book, [>]
grapes, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]. See also wine
Graslund, Anne-Sofie, [>]–[>]
graves, [>]. See also death
in Greenland, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
in Iceland, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
at Keldudalur, Iceland, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
pagan, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
ship burials, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Greenland. See also Saga of the Greenlanders, The
Brattahlid, farm of Eirik the Red, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Christianity in, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
collapse of Norse society in, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
diet in, [>]–[>]
discovery and setdement of, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Eiriksfjord (“Eirik’s Fjord”), [>], [>]
Farm Beneath the Sand, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
fogs of, [>]–[>]
icebergs surrounding, [>]–[>]
ivory and, [>]–[>]
Lysufjord, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
naming of, [>]–[>]
National Museum of, Nuuk [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Nuuk, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Ocean Called Dark surrounding, [>]–[>]
property of Gudrid in, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Sandnes (Gudrid’s home), [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
wrecks of ships, [>]–[>]
Greenland ice cap, [>], [>]
Grettir’s
Bath (hot spring), [>]–[>], [>]
Grettir’s Saga, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Grettir the Strong, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
ground-penetrating radar (GPR), [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Gudbergsson, Gretar, [>]
Gudrid the Far-Traveler
at Arnarstapi, Iceland, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
basic story of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
birth of, [>], [>]–[>]
at Brattahlid, Greenland, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
connections with other saga characters, [>]–[>]
descendants of, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]. See also Snorri (Gudrid’s son)
death of, [>], [>]
described, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
diet of, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
family background of, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
and Glaumbaer (“Farm of Merry Noise”), Iceland, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
husbands of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
and kings of Norway, [>], [>]
and L’Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
map of voyages, [>]–[>]
marriage to Thorstein Eiriksson, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
marriage to Thorfinn Karlsefni, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
mother-in-law in Iceland, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
near the Miramachi River, Gulf of St. Lawrence, [>], [>]–[>]
nickname, origins of, [>], [>]
as a nun, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
pilgrimage to Rome, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
and Reynines (Reynistadur or “Rowan Stead”), Iceland, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
and Sandnes, Greenland, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
and séance, [>], [>], [>], [>]
as skörungur (“very stirring” woman), [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Skraelings and, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
and Vinland, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
and Vinland Sagas, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]. See also Saga of Eirik the Red, The; Saga of the Greenlanders, The
voyage from Greenland to Norway, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
voyage from Greenland to Vinland, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
voyage from Iceland to Greenland, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
voyage from Norway to Iceland, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>