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Index
Accrington Pals (11th East Lancashires), 40, 136, 200, 346
Adie, Major, 243
aerial reconnaissance, 121, 141–2
aerial warfare, 50, 54, 56–7, 58
Afghanistan conflict (2001-15), 319, 321–2
Aldershot, School of Hygiene, 60
Aldington, Richard, 310
Alexandra, Queen, 258
Allan, Lance Corporal F., 165
Allenby, General Sir Edmund, 120–1
ambulance trains, 100, 101, 146, 148, 149
American Civil War (1861-65), 76, 335
American Psychiatric Association, 315–17
the Ancre Heights, Battle of (November 1916), 230–1, 232–3
anthropology, 80, 266
Anzac Corps, 109, 208–9, 221, 222–4, 232–3
archaeological work, 348
armaments and munitions industries, 22, 42–3, 62–3, 107–8, 133–4, 141
Armstrong Whitworth, 63
army medical services: during Boer War (1899-1902), 58–9, 61; early discussion over shell shock, 14, 17, 83; as entitlement/right, 95; ‘forward psychiatry, 98; Keogh’s reforms, 59–60; PIE (‘Proximity, Immediacy, Expectation’), 262; and psychiatry, 14, 61, 98, 262, 324–5; ‘Special Hospitals’ in Britain, 257–9, 261, 265–75, 276–80; specialist centres for shell shock, 16, 97–8, 99, 105, 202–3, 259, 261, 281, 283; training of doctors, 60–1; see also medical aid positions; medical officers (MOs); Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC)
Arnim, General von, 215
Arras, Battle of (April 1917), 274
artillery: Allied at the Somme, 11–12, 115, 117, 118–19, 160, 162, 195–6, 213–14, 225, 226; Allied preliminary bombardment at the Somme, 126–7, 131, 132–5, 140, 141, 156, 157, 160, 170; concentration of fire, 116, 132, 140, 193, 194, 225; creeping barrage, 229; effective range of, 119; extreme stresses of bombardments, 3–4, 17, 82–3, 189–90; eye-witness descriptions of shelling, 2, 6–7, 82, 95, 127, 213–14; and Foch, 115–16; at Fromelles, 210–11; German at the Somme, 3–4, 5, 6–7, 132, 143, 144, 157, 286–7; Great War as ‘artillery war’, 189; Haig’s view of, 57; high explosive (HE) shells, 133, 140; noise of, 2–4, 82, 186–7, 195; Pozières bombardments, 215–16, 217–18, 219, 221, 223, 224; shrapnel shells, 127, 133; spread too thinly, 132, 140, 214; technological development of, 50; at Verdun, 112
Artists’ Rifles, 48
Artois region, 107
Ashcroft, Lord, 319–20
Asquith, Herbert, 22, 28–9, 108
Australia, 23, 109, 207, 208–10, 223, 317
Australian Divisions, 1, 207–11, 212–21, 222–3, 232–3, 329; at Gallipoli, 109, 208–9, 210, 221, 223, 224; memorials, 233, 348; and military executions, 255; view of British commanders, 209, 223–4
Austro-Hungarian armies, 109, 122, 342
Authuille Wood, 161, 162–7, 347
Babington, Judge Anthony, 253
Babinski, Joseph, 86, 339
Baker, Sir Herbert, 345
Balgonie, Lord, 335
Bapaume, 113–14, 117, 122
Barker, Pat, Regeneration trilogy, 277
Barnsley Pals, 40, 136, 200
Barter, Major-General, 228
base hospitals, 60, 87, 93, 105, 259, 260, 263, 264; evacuations from front line to, 73, 149, 261, 282; Hospital 117 (US Army), 284, 341; medical officers at, 16, 88, 92, 180, 205, 238
Bazentin-le-Petit, 192, 212, 213
Bean, Charles, 224, 232, 233
Belgium, 21, 33, 34, 45
Below, General Fritz von, 216–17
Bennet, Sergeant J.A., 301–2
Bennett, Private John, 247
Bethlem lunatic asylum, London, 266
Bigwood, Private Edwin, 302
Bill, Captain, 197–8
Birdwood, Sir William, 233
Birmingham, 27, 28, 319; Pals battalions, 31, 34, 197–8
Black Watch, 15–16, 97, 191, 243
Blériot, Louis, 55
Blomfield, Sir Reginald, 345
Blunden, Edmund, Undertones of War (1928), 310
Boehn, General Max von, 215
Boer War (1899-1902), 1, 10, 11, 23, 41, 49, 57, 69, 336–7; medical services during, 58–9, 61
Border Regiment, 157–8; see also the Lonsdales (11th Battalion The Border Regiment)
Bosnian conflict (late 1990s), 319
Boys’ Brigade, 30, 37, 154
Brenan, Gerald, 82, 131–2, 172, 194
British army: 1914 size and structure, 25, 61–2; attitudes to change, 50–2, 53, 55–8, 61; Haldane’s reforms, 49–50, 59; huge public support for, 47; lack of planning for major war, 22, 62; letters home, 127–8; ‘lions led by donkeys’ thesis, 13, 14; modernity vs tradition, 50–8, 59–60, 61; in nineteenth century, 40–1, 49; physical fitness issues, 69; procurement system, 62; recruits’ fear of missing war, 47–8; shell shock as threat to, 12, 15, 17–18, 19, 151, 206, 313, 331, 332; and social class, 40–1, 46, 47, 51–2, 64–70; soldiers’ use of humour/irony, 186–8; Staff College at Camberley, 11, 55; as unprepared for scale of losses, 73–4; see also British Expeditionary Force (BEF); New Army, Kitchener’s; officers; recruitment
British army units: First Army, 110, 244–5, 246; Third Army, 120–1; Fourth Army, 10–12, 116–17, 125, 136, 144, 146, 210, 221–2, 228, 238; Reserve Army (Fifth Army), 118, 171, 178, 211–12, 230, 281; III Corps, 124, 137, 138, 205; V Corps, 344; VIII Corps, 137, 138; X Corps, 158–69, 171–81; XI Corps, 210–11; XIII Corps, 140, 142–3, 192; XV Corps, 141, 193; 2nd Division, 221, 328–9; 8th Divisio
n, 137–8; 18th (Eastern) Division, 64, 140, 228–9; 29th Division, 127, 134, 137; 31st Division, 136, 156, 346; 32nd Division, 153, 158, 160, 168, 169, 171–81; 34th Division, 138; 38th (Welsh) Division, 194–5; 41st Division, 227; 46th (Midland) Division, 133, 170; 47th (London) Division, 228; 48th Division, 240–2; 56th (London) Division, 147, 170, 182, 345; 61st Division, 210–11; 63rd (Royal Naval) Division, 230; 76th Brigade, 12; 97th Brigade, 153, 159, 230–1; see also entries for individual battalions and regiments
British Empire, 1, 23, 50, 67, 207–21, 222–4, 232–3, 344–5; Canadian troops, 108, 207, 210, 223, 228, 346; executions of imperial soldiers, 255; Indian Army, 1, 11, 23, 25, 57, 64, 142–3, 152, 193, 207; South African Brigade, 1–6, 195–7, 207, 210, 349; total wartime losses, 311; see also Australian Divisions; New Zealand troops
British Expeditionary Force (BEF), 24–5, 50, 70, 72, 75, 110, 123; first battles (August 1914), 11, 27–8, 32–3, 70–1; ‘Retreat from Mons’ (August 1914), 71, 73–4, 239
British Legion, 300
British Medical Association, 58, 60, 206
British political crisis (1915), 107–8
Brittain, Vera, 43
Brock, Captain Arthur, 278
Brooke, Rupert, 36
Brown, Dr William, 203, 238
Browne, Des, 254
Brusilov, General Alexei, 122
Burgoyne, Archibald McAllister, 1–6, 16, 195–6, 349
Bussitil, Dr Walter, 321
Butlin, Lieutenant James, 273–4, 296
Cambrai, Battle of (November 1917), 252
Cambridge University, 79–80, 85, 266
Canadian troops, 108, 207, 210, 223, 228, 346
Carlisle, 40, 48–9, 152, 153
Carson, Sir Edward, 37
Cassel, Lieutenant Fritz, 135
Casualty Clearing Stations (CCSs), 6, 16, 78, 87, 147, 202, 263, 344; equipment and facilities at, 97, 146, 148–9; medical officers at, 146, 148–9; patients sent ‘back down the line’ to, 197, 199, 200, 259, 261; at the Somme, 146, 148–9, 221, 291
casualty figures: Australian, 208, 211, 217, 222, 223; British army, 10, 75, 108–9, 130, 136, 137, 138, 146–7, 150, 169, 221, 225, 230; Canadian, 137; French army, 74, 108–9, 122; German army, 74, 109, 122, 170, 225, 232; German shell shock, 331, 340; for shell shock during the Somme, 327–31; Somme offensive, 10, 130, 136–8, 146–7, 150, 169, 170, 221–3, 225, 230, 232; total British/Empire losses, 311; total wartime shell shock, 331