Sporberg, Joseph, 117
“spy rings,” 153
stained-glass windows, 187
Standard Club, 226–27
Standard Oil Co., 68
Star of David, xxviii, 187
State Department, U.S., 17
State of South Carolina ex relatione Abraham Ottolengui et al, vs. G. V. Ancker et al, The, 56–61
Statue of Liberty, 216
Stein, Leopold, 50
Steingrub, 94–95
Stiles, Ezra, 6
Storchnest, 47
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 131, 162
Straus, Lazarus, 66
Strauss, Levi, 66
Stuyvesant, Peter, 2, 3–4, 96
Sukkot, 138, 238, 248
Sulzberger, Arthur Hays, 215–16
Sulzberger, Cyrus L., 215
Sulzberger, Iphigene Ochs, 215
Sulzer, Salomon, 95, 118
Sumner, William Graham, 225
Sunday, xxviii, 25, 70, 232, 245, 249
Sunday schools, xiii, 23, 122, 125, 141, 186
Supreme Council of Scottish Rite Masonry, 24
Supreme Court, U.S., 164, 253
“survival of the fittest,” 225
Sussman, Lance, 124, 210, 212
Sutro, Abraham, 124
sweetbreads, 211
synagogues:
adjuntas (boards) of, xvii, 26, 29, 30–31, 47, 52, 54–56, 85, 113, 116, 117, 122, 126, 127, 157, 168, 212
bimah (reading desk) in, 22, 114–18, 169
buildings for, 95–96, 175–76, 187
cantors (hazans) in, xviii, xxix, 9, 15, 16, 18, 23, 28, 46, 47, 52, 53, 54, 59, 71, 75, 95, 115, 120, 121, 124, 125, 126, 141, 179, 183
churches compared with, xxix, 32, 34, 79–81, 82, 90, 143, 176, 178, 179–80, 182, 184, 187, 202
consecration of, 95–96
constitutions and laws for, xii, 27, 30–31, 47, 52, 58
contracts offered by, 10, 84, 98, 100, 104, 112, 116, 117, 125–26, 142
decorum in, xxv, 15, 16, 34, 60, 90, 95, 123, 176, 178, 183, 246
English language services in, xii, 11, 16, 29, 31, 32, 40, 44, 52, 53, 55, 83, 84, 98, 125, 138–39, 141, 178, 179, 180, 181, 185, 245
ordination rites for, xiii, 49, 77, 82, 84, 208
organs used in, xi, xii, xiii, xv, xxv, 22, 48–51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 58, 62, 90, 102, 104, 141, 176–77, 178, 183, 184, 189, 199
president (parnas) of, xix, 7, 9, 14, 26, 47, 126, 127, 183–84
quorums in, xix, 85
salaries offered by, 10, 104, 116, 117, 125–26
separate seating in, xiii, xiv, xviii, 181–85, 187–88, 189, 199, 204, 218, 246
sermons delivered in, xv, xxv, 53–54, 90, 96, 100, 104, 115, 122, 125, 128–29, 134, 141, 148, 156, 159–68, 171–72, 180, 181, 189, 215, 219, 221, 246
as term, 90, 178
Torah scrolls kept in, 3, 9, 23, 51–52, 71, 98–99, 117–18, 142
Wise-Spanier fistfight (1850) and control of, xxvi, 93, 103, 118–20
see also specific synagogues
Syracuse, N.Y., 96
Syria, 213
Szold, Benjamin, 86, 167, 211
Szold, Henrietta, 211
talismans, 223–24
tallit (prayer shawl), xx, 6, 15, 71, 132, 178, 179, 185, 223–24
Talmud, xiv, xix, xx, xxiv, 22, 29, 33, 35, 41, 44, 48, 50, 60, 69, 73, 76, 81, 89–91, 94, 110, 111–12, 121, 125, 129, 130, 133–35, 159, 164, 184, 199, 204, 213–20, 233–37, 252, 261
Tammany Hall, 17, 160
tariffs, 145
Tarshish, Allan, 60
taxation, 72, 244
Taylor, Zachary, 105
teachers, 75, 79, 97, 122, 124, 216
tefillin (phylacteries), xx, 6, 71, 116, 223–24
Temkin, Seftin D., 120, 136, 140
Temple (Jerusalem), xviii, xxv, xxx, 9, 13, 22, 31, 33, 40, 45, 50, 53, 55, 85–86, 89, 100, 111, 128, 138, 139, 148, 185, 189, 192, 193, 195, 213–15, 226, 237, 239, 248, 260, 261, 264
Temple Adath Israel, 75
Temple Beth El (“House of God”) (Albany, N.Y.), xiii, 94, 96, 97, 111–12, 117–19, 182
Temple Beth-El (New York City), 220
Temple Emanu-El (“God is with us”) (New York City), xiv, 48, 83, 160–61, 178, 181, 183–84, 186, 191, 202, 203–4, 206, 220, 247
Temple Emanu-El (San Francisco), 74, 169
temples, see synagogues
Ten Commandments, xxviii, 22, 31, 52–53, 88, 106, 110, 130, 163, 165, 166, 187, 223, 231–32, 254
Theory of the Earth (Hutton), 202–3
Thirty Years’ War, 64, 86
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 192
Thoreau, Henry David, 201, 202
tikkun olam (“repairing the world”), xxxiii, 225, 255
Tisha B’av, 9, 85
Titus, Emperor of Rome, xxv
Tobias, Joseph, 26
Tocqueville, Alexis de, xxii
Torah, xviii, xx, xxii, xxiv, 3, 9, 23, 39, 51–52, 71, 98–99, 110, 117–18, 132, 142, 176, 178, 179, 180, 186, 219, 236, 238, 242, 247, 252, 254
totemic cults, 223
Touro Synagogue, 12
trabants (satellites), 199
Transcendental Club, 201
Transcendentalism, xxxiii, 42, 201–2, 207
Traub, Veist, 115, 117, 120
treason, 153
Tree of Life Synagogue, 230
trefa (forbidden), xx, xxii
Trefa Banquet (1883), xv, xxi–xxii, 208–12
Trinity, 81
Trump, Donald, 253
trumpets, 179
tsedakah (charity), 74
Tunis, 17
Turkey, 44, 218–19
Twain, Mark, 172
typhoid fever, 46
tzitzit (tassels), 116
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 162
uniforms, 149
Union for Reform Judaism, 93, 198
Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC), xv, 177, 197, 198–99, 208, 210, 212, 238, 253–54
Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations in America (Orthodox Union) (OU), 245
Union of Orthodox Rabbis, xv, 251
Union Prayer Book (Seder Tefilot Yisrael), xv, 85, 248–49
Unitarianism, 42–43, 80, 201–2, 219
anti-Semitism in, xv, 133, 139–40, 149, 175, 195, 228–29
banking industry of, 5, 8, 12, 63, 66, 86, 160
as “Christian nation,” 139–40, 175
colonial period of, xi, xxiii, 2–4, 13, 27, 70–71, 96, 139–40
democracy in, xxix–xxx, 16, 17, 61, 156
Judeo-Christian tradition in, 175
legal system of, 74, 118–19, 120, 142, 145
Northern states of, 145, 146–53, 155, 158, 160
patriotism in, 79, 85, 146, 172
pluralism in, 11, 38–39, 78–79, 151–52, 188–89, 257–58, 261–62
population censuses for, 5, 63, 188
poverty in, 204, 205, 235, 252
as “Promised Land,” 42, 45, 77
public schools of, xiii, 79, 249
religious freedom in, xiii, 11–12, 24, 42, 79–80, 88, 91, 131, 201, 203, 206, 214–15
revolutionary period of, xii, 8–10, 12, 23, 25–26, 34–35, 44, 58, 81
slavery in, xiv, xxvi, 5, 20, 21, 24, 37, 79, 104, 130, 134, 145–74, 183, 201, 204, 221, 230
social justice in, 204–6, 232, 233–35, 249–50, 252, 254, 255, 259, 263
Southern states of, 19, 20, 46, 57, 141–53, 156, 158, 160, 165, 171, 173, 175, 204, 271, 273, 282, 284, 297
western frontier of, 177
United Synagogue of America, 247
United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism, 247
Urbansky, David, 146
Vatican Council II, 252–53
Vicksburg, Battle of, 146, 149
Vienna, 98
Vilnius (Vilna), 13, 243
Virginia, 71, 160, 167
Walden Pond, 202
Warburg Theol
ogical Seminary, 197
Warner, Cyrus L., 22
War of 1812, 20
war profiteers, 149–50
Warrenton Female Academy, 44
Washington, D.C., xv, 105, 199
Washington, George, xii, 8, 9, 11, 12, 27, 44
Washington Hebrew Congregation, xv, 199
Webster, Daniel, 105
weddings, 193
Wellhausen, Julius, 219, 222, 238
Wertheimer family, 63
Wesley Theological Seminary, 198
West Bank, 251, 253
Western Europe, xxviii, 5, 17, 31, 42, 57, 63, 64–65, 71, 77, 79, 86, 95, 107, 108, 122, 131–32, 240
Western Wall, 265
Westphalia, 90, 121, 124
Whig Party, 171
widows, 85
Wiesbaden conference (1837), 132
Wieseltier, Leon, 106
Williamson, Andrew, 26
Wilson, Henry, 152
Wilson, James Keys, 176
Wise, Aaron, 242
Wise, Isaac Mayer, xiii, xiv, xv, xxii, xxxvi, 92–105, 111–12, 118–24, 126, 127–40, 157–58, 170, 176–77, 181, 182, 184, 189–90, 191–97, 198, 200, 201, 202, 207, 208–12, 216, 220, 225, 229–31, 235–39, 260
Wise, Stephen S., 251, 252
Wise, Theresa, 200
Wissenschaft des Judentums (Scientific Study of Judaism), xx, 95, 138, 247
Wolf, Simon, 172
women’s rights, 79, 181–88, 189, 201, 259
Wood, Fernando, 160
Wood, Gordon S., 78
World War II, 215, 237, 250–51, 252
Würzburg, 64
yahidim (leaders), 29
Yale University, 6, 152–53, 197, 203
“Yankee notions,” 67
yarmulkes (kippas), xviii, xx, 179
yeshivas, 95, 134, 243
YHWH, xvii, xx, 33, 223
Yiddishkeit, 240
Yiddish language, xx, xxiii, xxiv, 14, 65, 71, 122, 240, 243, 244
Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), xv, xx, 59, 127, 141, 179, 182, 185, 187–88, 195–96, 205, 262
Yom Kippur War, 264
Young Men’s Hebrew Association (YMHA), xiv, 73, 74
Yulee, David Levy, 152
Zacharie, Isachar, 170–71
Zevi, Sabbatai, 108
Zion, xxv–xxvi, 6, 33, 90, 138, 218, 237
Zionism, xv, 17, 18, 33, 211, 215, 237, 241, 250–53
Zola, Gary P., 30, 33, 34, 36
Zunz, Leopold, 89, 111, 138
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Weisman, Steven R., author.
Title: The chosen wars : how Judaism became an American religion / Steven R. Weisman.
Description: New York : Simon & Schuster, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017059402 (print) | LCCN 2017058478 (ebook) | ISBN 9781416573265 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781416573272 (trade pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781416578994 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Judaism—United States—History—18th century. | Judaism—United States—History—19th century.
Classification: LCC BM205 .W45 2018 (ebook) | LCC BM205 (print) | DDC 296.0973—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017059402
ISBN 978-1-4165-7326-5
ISBN 978-1-4165-7899-4 (ebook)