atonement, 195–96
Augustine, Saint, 192
Austro-Hungarian Empire, 62, 243
Azuby, Abraham, 28
Baal, 223
“Backwards or Forwards” (Kohler), 220–23
Baghdad, 218
Bahamas, 1
Bailey, Henry, 57
Balfour Declaration (1917), 250
Baltic states, 62
Baltimore, xiii, xiv, 12, 28, 82, 85, 135, 166, 167, 200, 230
Baltimore Hebrew Congregation, 83, 167, 200
Bank of Rhode Island, 12
ban on work (Sabbath), 48, 49–50, 73, 114, 116, 180, 187
baptism, xiv, 72, 140
Baptists, 45, 78
bar Kokhba, Simon, 107
bar (bat) mitzvahs, xvii, 90, 98, 180
Barrett, Esther (Hetty), 47
Bavaria, 64, 66, 67, 68, 71, 82, 84, 134, 177, 215, 220, 257
bearer bonds, 5
Beecher, Henry Ward, 162–63
Beer Temple, 90
Before Common Era (BCE), xviii
beit din (rabbinical court), xiii, xvii, 85, 99
Bellechasse plantation, 153
ben David, Anan, 218
Benjamin, Judah P., 46, 149, 151–53, 154, 172
Benjamin, Natalie St. Martin, 153
Benjamin, Ninette, 153
Benjamin, Philip, 46
ben Nahman, Moses (Nachmanides), 106
Bennett, James Gordon, 182
Berith Kodesh, 200
Berith Shalome (Brith Shalom-Beth Israel), 141, 230
Berkeley Divinity School, 197
Berlin, 90, 205, 206
Bernheim, Isaac, 66
Best, William, 35
Beth El Emeth, 127
Beth Hamedrash Hagadol (Great Study House), 243
Beth Hamidrash (“House of Study”), 122–23
Beth Shalom, 124
Bettelheim, Aaron, 242
Bevis Marks Synagogue, 28, 52
Bible:
criticism of, 205, 219–23, 231, 233–34, 238, 242–43, 247, 249
as divine revelation, 80–81, 91, 125, 130, 133, 134–35, 219–20
as Holy Scripture, 159, 166–67, 184, 192, 196, 205, 232–34, 238
New Testament of, 11, 162–63
Old Testament of, 11, 139, 162–63
Pentateuch of, xxxi, 37, 125, 130, 222
readings from, 79, 214, 249
slavery justified by, 155–68, 183, 221
see also specific books
Bible societies, 39
Bickerman Elias, 214
Bien, Julius, 203
bigamy, 18, 130, 164, 165, 193
“bill of rights,” xii
Birmingham, Stephen, 68
“birther” movements, 54
blasphemy, 115–16, 166–67, 226–27
blessings, 15, 30, 85, 101, 138–39, 176, 179, 187, 222
blue jeans, 66
“blue laws,” 25, 70, 245
B’nai B’rith (Children of the Covenant), xiii, xxx, 72–73, 74, 172, 210
Board of Delegates of American Israelites, 140, 198, 199
Board of Delegates on Civil Rights, 249
Board of Directors of American Israelites, 183
Boaz, 109
Bohemia, 92, 94–95, 177, 257
Bologna, xiv, 72
Borowitz, Eugene, 106, 108, 111
Boston, 74–75, 178
Brandeis, Louis D., 250
Brazil, 96
Breitbart, Solomon, 47
Brenner, Victor David, 174
Breslau, 132, 217, 242, 245
Breslau conference (1846), 132
Bronze Age, xxvi
Brunswick conference (1844), 132
Brussels, 42
Bryant, William Cullen, 46
B’tselem Elohim (“in the image” of God), xxxiii
Buchanan, James, 159
Budapest, 217
Bundes Brüder (Brothers of the Covenant), 73
Bunker, Gary L., 149
butcher (kosher) (shohet), xx, 35, 46, 54, 67, 115–17, 189
Butler, A. P., 57–61, 142
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 36
cabalism, 29
caftans, 240
Cain, 164
Cairo Geniza, 247
Calhoun, John C., 36, 143
Canaan, xxxi, 50, 150, 161–64
Canaan (son of Ham), 161–63
Canada, 71, 153
candles, 187
capitalism, 5, 205
Cardozo, Jacob N., 155
Caribbean islands, 1, 4, 5, 21, 22, 24
Caro, Joseph, xi
Carvalho, David N., 32, 39
Carvalho, Emanuel Nunes, 28
Catechism (Leeser), 122
Catherine II (“the Great”), Empress of Russia, 84
Catholics, 1, 24, 54, 60–61, 65, 72, 78, 79, 122, 136, 140, 154, 192, 235, 249–53
cemeteries, 74, 78–79, 189, 258
censorship, 232
censure, 127
census, U.S.:
of 1790, 5
of 1850, 188
of 1878, 63
“centenary perspective,” 254
Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR), xv, 177, 208, 236, 248, 250, 251, 253–54
Central Europe, xxiii–xxiv, 62, 64–65, 77, 96–97, 240
Central Synagogue, 217
Channing, William Ellery, 80
chants, 43, 59–60, 70, 132, 178, 179
chaplains, 149
Charleston, S.C., xi, xii, xiii, 19–21, 23–29, 33–39, 43, 45–48, 51–60, 62, 71, 100, 102, 103–5, 111–12, 113, 114, 116, 128, 140–45, 151, 152, 159, 183–84, 193
Charleston Courier, 53
Charleston Examiner, 37
Charleston Gazette, 24–25, 37
Cherokee Indians, 26
Chicago, xiv, 70, 177–78, 222, 226–27
Chicago, University of, 222
Chicago Sinai Congregation, xiv, 177–78, 222, 226
Chicago Tribune, 227
Chinese food, 212
choirs, xii, xxv, 28, 34, 90, 98, 118, 119, 132, 142, 176–77, 178, 179, 185, 189, 208
Chorin, Aaron, 50–51
Christian Examiner and Theological Review, 42
Christianity, xi, 34, 42, 44, 45, 54, 64, 72, 77, 78, 136, 175, 249–53
see also specific denominations
Christian Science, 247
Christmas, 204, 214, 215
“Christos,” 107
Cincinnati, xiv, xv, xxi–xxii, 82, 85, 93, 119, 132, 157, 158, 176, 181, 195, 197, 199, 208–12, 239
Cincinnati, University of, 209
Cincinnati conference (1871), xv, 197
circumcision, xix, 6, 26, 70, 71, 75, 189, 194, 198, 214, 223, 233
citron, 138
“city upon a hill,” 193
civil rights movement, 253
Civil War, U.S., xiv, xxvi, 59, 62, 68, 85, 105, 141–74, 175, 176, 183, 200, 204
Claims of the Jews to an Equality of Rights, The (Leeser), 125
clans, 223
clergy, 11, 77, 100, 149, 208–9, 238
Cleveland, 71, 133–34, 136, 137, 138, 257
Cleveland conference (1855), 133–34, 136, 137, 138
Clinton, George, 10
Cohen, David, 24
Cohen, Mordecai, 24
Cohen, Moses, 26
Cohen surname, 179
Cohn, Elkan, 169
Collis, Septima Levy, 147
Columbia University, 11, 204
Columbus, Christopher, xi, 1
Columbus conference (1937), 252
Common Council of New York, 14–15
Common Era (CE), xviii, xxiv
common law, 25
Concordia Hall, 228
concubines, 154
Coney Island, 229
Confederacy, xxvi, 19, 20, 46, 57, 141, 143–53, 156, 158, 160, 165, 171, 173, 271, 273, 282, 284, 297
Confederate Memorial, 148
confirmation cere
monies, 32, 90, 98, 123, 141, 180
Congregation Adath Jeshurun, 90
Congregation Ahawath Chesed (“Love of Mercy”), 217, 218, 219
Congregation Ansche Chesed, 16, 84, 85, 132
Congregation Ansche Emeth, 48
Congregation Bene Israel, 85
Congregation Bene Yeshurun, 82, 176, 197, 200
Congregation Beth Israel, 200
Congregation B’nai Jeshurun (“Children of Israel”), xii, 15–16, 75, 84, 104, 132, 159, 183–84
Congregation Chizuk Amuno (“Strengthening the Faith”), 200
Congregation Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim (“Holy Congregation House of God”), xi, xii, xiii, 21–23, 26–43, 46–61, 102, 103–5, 112–13, 140–43
Congregation Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalome, 43
Congregation Keneseth Israel, 180, 192
Congregation Mickve Israel, xii, 51–52, 169–70
Congregation Oheb Shalom (“Lovers of Peace”), xiv, 86
Congress, U.S., 59, 104, 105, 152
Congressional Medal of Honor, 146
Congress of Vienna (1815), 64
Connecticut, 9
conscience, 168, 185
Continental Army, 8, 44
conversos (Jewish converts), xvii–xviii, 1–2, 24, 60–61
Copernicus, Nicolaus, xi
Copland, Aaron, 174
Copperheads, 158
Corbin, Austin, 229
Cornell University, 206–7
cornets, 179
Cosmos (Humboldt), 205
Covenant, 22, 23, 28, 98–99, 117, 179, 236
Cozens, Deliah Nash, 126
creationism, 224
Creation myths, 202–3, 224
cross, 187
Crucifixion, 107
curses, 232
DaCosta, Isaac, 26, 27
da Costa, Uriel, 60–61
dairy products, 69, 123, 211
Damascus, xiii, 122, 125
Darwin, Charles, xiv, xxvi, xxxi, 223–27
David, House of, 53, 108–9, 137, 177, 195
David, King, xxvii, 87–88, 107, 148, 198, 221, 264
Davis, Jacob, 66
Davis, Jefferson, 153, 171
D’Azevedo, Benjamin Cohen, 28
Deborah, 132, 137, 170
debtors’ prisons, 5
Declaration of Independence, 26, 58, 239
Declaration of Principles, 239
Deism, 44, 78, 81, 87, 117
De Lancey, Oliver, 7–8
Delaware Indians, 70
Dembitz, Lewis Naphthali, 170
Democratic Party, 156, 157–58, 167, 253, 262
Descartes, René, 4
Descent of Man, The (Darwin), 224
Deuteronomy, Book of, xxvi, 40, 163, 187
Dickinson, Emily, 201
Dictionary of the Talmud (Kohut), 217
Diner, Hasia, 69, 178
Discourse on the Evidences of the American Indians Being the Descendants of the Lost Tribes of Israel (Noah), 18
Discourses on the Jewish Religion (Leeser), 125
Dispeck, 134
Disraeli, Benjamin, 41
D’Israeli, Isaac, 41
divine grace, 80
divorce, 193, 259
Doehla, Conrad, 9
Donald, David Herbert, 169
Douglas, Stephen A., 157
Douglass, Frederick, 156
Drachman, Bernard, 241, 245, 246
draft riots (1863), 160, 204
Drayton, William Henry, 26
Drescher, Seymour, 154
Dropsie, Moses A., 158–59
Dutch East India Company, 2
Dutch language, 14
Dutch Reformed Church, 3, 97
Dutch West India Company, 2, 3–4, 97
Dwight, Timothy, 203
Ecclesiastes, Book of, xxxi
Eckman, Julius, 112–13
“economic man,” 225
Eden, Garden of, 192
Edwards, Jonathan, 77, 80, 203
Egypt, 3, 50, 131, 147, 155, 165, 166, 205, 213, 218–19, 221, 247
Eighteen Blessings, 138–39
Eighteenth Psalm, 23
Eileh Divre ha-Brit (“These Are the Words of the Covenant”), 49
Einhorn, David, xiv, xv, 85–86, 134–36, 138, 140, 147, 160, 164–68, 170, 184, 192, 194, 195, 196–97, 200, 220, 225, 229, 230–31, 237, 238, 248, 260
Eisen, Arnold, xxxii
elections, U.S.:
of 1703, 24
of 1824, 37, 59
of 1860, 65, 145, 157, 159, 171
of 1864, 156, 158
of 1868, 150
Elementary Introduction to the Scriptures for the Use of Hebrew Children (Peixotto), 122
Elijah, xxvi
Ellenson, David, 49
Elohim, xviii
Elzas, Barnett A., 27, 60
Emancipation Proclamation, 171
Emerson, Ellen, 201
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 42, 201–2, 207
Engelman, Uriah Z., 58
En Komokho hymn, 118
Enlightenment, xxxiii, 59, 80–81, 185, 204, 237–38, 243
Episcopalians, 215
“Essay on Truth” (Harby), 35
Essence of Judaism, The (Wise), 139
Esther, Book of, 19, 180
eternal flame, 23
“Ethics of the Fathers” (Kohut), 217–18
evangelical Christianity, 34, 45, 77, 253
Evans, Eli N., 146, 152, 153
eved (servant or slave), 161, 164
evil, 163–68
evolution, xxvi, 223–27
Examination of the Traditions of the Pharisees, An (da Costa), 61
Exodus, Book of, xxxi, 116, 147, 157, 163
“eye for an eye” command, xxiv
Ezekiel, Moses, 148
Fackenheim, Emil, 264
“Fair Harvard,” 43
farming, 66
fasting, 9, 59, 159, 188, 205, 262
Federal Council of Churches of Christ, 250
felix culpa (“happy fall”), 192
Felsenthal, Bernhard, 156, 157, 177, 199
Female Hebrew Benevolent Society, xii, 186
Ferdinand I, King of Aragon, 1
Fielding, Henry, 7
Fieldston School, 207
Filene, Edward, 66
First Coloured Presbyterian Church, 15
First Great Awakening, xi, 77–78
First Zionist Congress (1897), xv, 250
Fiske, John, 224
Flood, 162
Florida, 152
Fort Orange, 96
Fort Sumter, 20, 59, 141, 145, 159
Founders, 78
France, xii, xiii, xxx, 18, 43, 48, 80, 86–87, 90, 107, 110, 132, 151
Francis, Julius E., 173
Franco-Prussian War, 64
Frankel, Zacharias, 242–43
Frankfort-on-the-Main, 132
Frankfurt conference (1845), 95
Franklin, Benjamin, 81
Franks, Abigail Levy, 7–8
Franks, Jacob, 7–8, 108
Franks, Phila, 7–8
Freemasons, 17, 24, 30, 35, 65, 73, 83
Free Religious Association, xiv, 200–202, 206, 207, 228
Free Sons of Israel, 73
Freiberg, Julius, 209
French Revolution, 64
Friday evening services, xiv, 180–81
Frothingham, Octavius Brooks, 201–2, 206
funerals, 83, 100–101
Galileo, xxx
galut (exile), xviii, 3
garment industry, 160
Garrison, William Lloyd, 155–56
gay rights, 259, 263
Gehenna and Eden (Hell and Paradise), 234–35
Geiger, Abraham, 85, 90–91, 111, 132, 134, 203, 205, 219, 220, 226, 238, 243
Gelfman, Gesya, 240
Gemara (commentaries), xx
General and Priv
ate Adjunta, 29
General Order 11, 149–50
Genesis, Book of, xxxi, 101, 161–62, 221
Gentiles, 8, 42, 50, 126, 127, 146, 181, 187, 233
geology, 202–3
George III, King of England, 7
Georgia, 24–25
German language, xxiii–xxiv, 14, 90, 121, 131, 135, 138, 167, 181, 185, 199, 231, 244
Germany, xii, xiii, xxvii, xxix, xxx, 4, 13–14, 16, 43, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 60, 130, 131, 132, 176, 177, 203, 204, 205, 219, 221–22, 226, 227, 238, 242–43, 246, 252
get (divorce document), 193
Gettysburg Address, 170, 171
ghettos, xxviii–xxix, 41, 63, 71–72, 184, 244
Gibbon, Edward, 44
Gilded Age, xxi, 68, 175–76, 228, 249
Gilman, Samuel, 42–43
Gimbel, Adam, 66
Glazer, Nathan, 94, 264
God:
Bible as word of, 80–81, 91, 125, 130, 133, 134–35, 219–20
divine intervention by, 12, 32, 35, 39–40, 79–80, 103, 169–70, 192, 196
existence of, xxx–xxxi, 32, 33, 44, 200–207, 231, 233
names of, xvii, xx, 33, 223
personal conception of, 31, 32, 77, 93, 105, 109–12, 128, 129, 137, 152, 158, 165, 171, 178, 195–97, 251, 254, 258, 275, 277
Goldin, Judah, 260
Goldman, Marcus, 66
Gold Rush, 74
Good Friday, 148
goyim (non-Jews), 50, 187
Graetz, Heinrich, xiv, 89, 95
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 192
Grand Island, 17
“Grand March” (Handel), 18
Grand Union Hotel, xv, 228–29
Grant, Ulysses S., 68, 149–50, 200
Gratz, Louis, 146–47
Gratz, Rebecca, xii, 122, 186
Gratz College, 216
Great Britain, 2, 4–5, 7, 8–9, 15, 18, 26, 28, 34–35, 77, 80, 86, 107, 151
Great Synagogue of London, 15
Greece, 213, 214, 224
Greeley, Horace, 131
Guggenheim, Meyer, 66
Guide for the Perplexed, The (Maimonides), 106
Gurley, John Addison, 150
Gurock, Jeffrey S., 244–45
Gutheim, James K., 147, 186
Hadassah, 211
Haftarah (passages from the Prophets), xviii, 141, 178, 180
Hagy, James William, 25, 59
Halakha (Oral Law), xviii, xix, xx, 40–41, 186, 218, 252, 254–55
Halleck, Henry, 150
Halloween, 214
Ham, 161–64
Haman, 18–19
Hamburg, 47, 48, 61, 90
Hamburg Temple, xii, xiii, 48, 49, 50–51, 85, 109
Hamilton, Alexander, 46
Handel, George Frideric, 18
Hanukkah (“festival of lights”), xv, xviii, 213–15, 233, 238, 248
Harby, Isaac, 30, 32, 33, 34–37, 38, 39–46, 59, 260
Harby, Rachael Mordecai, 36
Harby, Solomon, 34–35
Haredim, 262
Harper, I. W., 66
Harris, Abraham, 141
Har Sinai (Mount Sinai Congregation), xiii, xiv, 48, 83, 85–86, 135, 168
Hart, Abraham, 127