safety of, 68–69, 113, 114. See also Safety, feelings of for self-gifting, 134–138
spaciousness in, 136–137
as third place, 82–121
traditional coffeehouses compared to, 112–120
Environmental issues, 20, 173–200
in buying decisions, 179
in coffee cups used, 179–181, 183–200
and benefits of reusable cups, 189–196
unrecyclable, 197
and “green fatigue,” 200
mission statement of Starbucks on, 178
in trash generated by Starbucks, 179–183. See also Trash generated by Starbucks
in water use, 180–181
Erickson, Jim, 79
Esperanza Coffee, 225
Espresso, 32–33, 39
Espresso machines
first used by Starbucks, 32
fully automated, 46–47, 57, 65
semiautomatic, 39
Ethical consumption, 201-204, 237
Ethiopia, 16, 230–236, 237, 238
the birthplace of coffee, 230-231
trademarking of coffee from, 232–236
Ethos Water, 110, 196, 212–213
Evers, Reinier, 37
Eye contact of employees with customers, 95
Facebook, 3, 19, 250
Facial expressions of employees, 95
Fair-trade coffee, 14, 16, 208–211, 275n11
Café Estima, 210–211
cost of, 208, 214
Global Exchange push for, 208–209
from Nicaragua, 224–225
quantity purchased by Starbucks, 209, 237–238
taste of, 211
Fast Food Nation (Schlosser), 59, 248
Fat content of Starbucks drinks, 142–145
Federline, Kevin, 146
Fighting for Air (Klinenberg), 248
Films
created by Starbucks on coffee farmers, 205–207, 209, 220–221
promoted by Starbucks, 169, 171, 186
Finish Rich (Bach), 139
Fishman, Charles, 130
Fiske, Neil, 129–131
Florida, Richard, 8
Folgers, 23, 25, 27, 207
Frank, Thomas, 9, 248
Franklin, Benjamin, 115–116
Frappuccinos, 48, 49–53
caloric and fat content of, 142–145
cost of, 70
as guilty pleasure, 144
as self-gift, 132, 133
as teen drink, 51-52, 146-147
Friedman, Milton, 3, 236, 253n5
Friends (TV show), 9, 118
Furniture in stores, 18
color of, 41, 135–136, 137–138
as decorative display, 121
number of seats in, 136, 137
positioning of, 121, 136
round design of tables in, 114
in staging of luxury, 137–138
velour covered, 137–138
in Washington DC, 85
Gabriel, Peter, 157
Galassi, Jonathan, 170
Gap, 75, 76, 161, 203, 221
Garbage Land (Royte), 180
Gender differences in self-gifting, 127–134
Genius Loves Company music CD, 159–160
Giuliani, Rudolph, 78
Gladstone, Brooke, 149–150
Glassner, Barry, 248
Global economy, 201–238
ethical consumption in, 201–204
fair trade policies in, 208–211
portrayal of coffee farmers in, 205–207, 209
Global Exchange, 208–209, 229
Global good feelings, 13, 14, 19
profitability in, 204
in universalism, 219–222
Global warming, 173
GM, 1, 2, 18, 241
Goldman, Michael, 208
Gopnik, Adam, 78, 79
Gore, Al, 173–174, 175, 178, 185, 198, 202
Gourevitch, Peter, 222
The Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee Shops, Bookstores, Hair Salons, and Other Hangouts at the Heart of a Community (Oldenburg), 100–101
Greece, Starbucks in, 58
Green, Nanyce, 106
Green and environmental issues, 173–200. See also Environmental issues
The Green Apron, 95
“Green fatigue,” 200
“Green Umbrellas for a Green Cause,” 185–186
Greenday, 71
“Greenwashing,” 209
Grounds for Coffee program, 185
Guilty pleasures, 144–145
Gulick, Alan, 207–208
Guthrie, Woody, 27, 239
Habermas, Jürgen, 97, 98, 102, 116
Hadju, David, 165
Haidabucks, 230
Hartocollis, Anemona, 119
Hay, Dub, 216, 234–235
Hear Music, 153–154, 155–169, 205
Hedberg, Kathy, 115
Hershkowitz, Allen, 187
Hilton, Paris, 56, 146
Hodes, Martha, 76–78, 79, 80
Holloway, Justin, 72
Holt, Douglas, 237
Home Depot, 76, 77
Homeless people, 68, 93
Hornby, Nick, 152
Hot chocolate, 51
IBM, Schultz at, 31
Iced coffee drinks, 49, 50, 52, 53
Identity making
music in, 161
role of buying in, 7–8, 26
of luxury items, 37–38
Il Giornale, 32–33, 154
Im, Wansoo, 92
Income of coffee farmers, 207
in Ethiopia, 232
and migrant workers, 227, 228
Income of customers, 8, 9–10
and consumption patterns, 37–38
and exclusion of low-income, 68–69
and locations chosen for stores, 34–35, 36
Independent coffee shops, 17, 77
in competition with Starbucks, 56–57, 242
in recent economic downturn, 240
in Seattle, 81
Indigo Girls, 167, 168
Individuality, 10, 15, 19, 80, 104, 124, 203
and mass customization, 60
and predictability, 72–75
Industrialization of Starbucks, 43–47
Industrial Workers of the World, 237
Innocence by association, 14, 178, 204
Intelligentsia, 57
International Starbucks stores, 33, 52, 58, 64
iPods, 7, 115, 162
Isolation, social. See Social isolation Isroff, Michelle, 137
Italian-like language of Starbucks, 7, 11, 39, 70, 96
iTunes, 162
Jazz music, 108, 156, 158
Jeffrey, Robert, 176–177, 178
Joe, 111
Joe Coffee Bar, 193–194, 200
Johnson, Magic, 160
Johnson, Samuel, 247, 250
Jones, Adam Patrick, 80, 201
Jones, Norah, 70, 168, 169
Jones, Timothy, 154, 155
Judd, Wynona, 132
Kacen, Jackie, 127, 134, 136, 145
Kamp, David, 25–26
Katzeff, Paul, 216–218
Keith, Toby, 221
Kellogg, mass-produced foods of, 24
Kemp, Mark, 165
Kenny G, 157–158, 171–172
Kern, Frank, 8, 244
Kesey, Ken, 25
KFC, 141
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 8
King, Rodney, 175
Kirk, Bill, 214
Kitchell, Sonya, 168, 171
Klein, Naomi, 65, 177, 248
Klinenberg, Eric, 248
Koehn, Nancy, 44
Kraepelin, Emil, 125
Kupferman, Martin, 44
Kweller, Ben, 111, 112
Laguna Beach (TV show), 51
Language, Italian-like, used in Starbucks stores, 7, 11, 39, 70, 96
Lattes, 48, 51
caloric and fat content of, 142–145
cost of, 70
as factor in personal debt, 139, 140, 141
Laxative effects of coffee, 147
Layton, Ron, 232
Lehman Brothers, 3, 78
Lemire, Jonathan, 84–85
Lighting of stores, 113
Lincoff, Audrey, 182, 217
Living It Up (Twitchell), 135
Locations of Starbucks stores, 33–36
in cluster-bomb approach, 65
company control of, 65
and customers targeted, 34–35, 36, 69
international, 33, 52, 58, 64
original, in Pike Place Market, 21, 28–30, 31
safety concerns in, 113
unequal distribution of, 92
Logo of Starbucks, 48–49
original design of, 21–22
on Pike Place Blend, 54
Schultz redesign of, 42
Lohan, Lindsay, 146
Lombard, Ken, 160–161, 169, 171, 172
Low Stars, 167–168
Lubrano, Alfred, 86, 100
Luxurification, 37, 130
Luxury Institute, 201, 202, 203
Luxury items
affordable, 124
in ethical consumption, 202
purchased for status and identity, 37–38
self-gifting of, 122–148
MacKinnon, Don, 153–154, 155, 160, 171
Mailer, Norman, 158
Mail order
in cocooning trend, 105
Starbucks coffee available by, 43
Managerial talent, acquisition of, 33, 44
Margolick, David, 160
Marlboro Man, 223, 224
Maslen, Peter, 108
Maslow, Abraham, 95–96
Mason, Jackie, 71, 261n29
Mass customization, 60
Massey, Wright, 41, 46, 98, 99
Maupin, Armistead, 112
Maxwell House, 23, 43, 207
McCartney, Paul, 165, 171
McDonaldization of society, 59
McDonald’s, 120
advertisements of, 40
bathrooms of, 91
caloric and fat content of products from, 142, 144
and chain problem, 75, 76, 77
coffee from, 55, 63, 68
cost of, 70
taste of, 54, 55
compared to Starbucks, 16, 56, 71, 83, 86, 141
as competition for Starbucks, 2, 16–17
cost of products from, 18, 70, 141
efficiency in, 47
environment of, 134–135
income associated with customers of, 37
lack of culture associated with, 9
mass-produced foods of, 24
predictability of, 59, 66
McPherson, Miller, 11
Meeting place, Starbucks stores used as, 10, 89–90, 93–94, 99
Mejia, Mario, 225
Melville, Herman, 28
Milk-and-sugar drinks, 47–57
Millbrook, NY, opening of Starbucks store in, 35
Mission statement of Starbucks, 178
Mitchell,Jone, 85, 165
Moby-Dick (Melville), 28
Mooallem, Jon, 212
Moore, John, 206
Morissette, Alanis, 162–163
Morris, Roly, 8
Mothers, stay-at-home
meeting at Starbucks, 99
self-gifting with treats at Starbucks, 123
Murky Coffee, 47, 57
Music, 149–172
African American, 158–159
authenticity in, 157
discovery of
desire for knowledge in, 151, 153
of foreign and unfamiliar music, 151
of jazz music, 108, 156, 158
role of Hear Music in, 155, 156, 157, 168–169
safe selections of music in, 164
value of knowledge in, 154
easy listening, 70–71
in historical coffeehouses, 103, 104
impulse purchases of, 161, 168
jazz, 156
opera, 154, 157
in Pike Place Market Starbucks store, 31
predictability in, 154–155, 163
and revenue from CD sales, 159–166, 172
sophisticated urban, 108
in Washington DC Starbucks store, 85
MySpace, 3, 250
“My Starbucks,” 72
Names of customers, employee use of, 73–74, 96
Naming of Starbucks, 28
Nas, 71, 167
National Coffee Association, 233
National Public Radio, (NPR)149–151, 166, 168
Needs, Maslow pyramid of, 95–96
Neoliberalism, 3, 253n5
Neubert, Greg, 175
Newspapers
banned from stores, 117
carried in stores, 35–36, 61, 110, 117, 121
New York
chain stores and homogenization in, 76–79
cost of office space in, 88
customers of Starbucks stores in, 84–85
first Starbucks stores in, 83
number of Starbucks stores in, 78–79
public bathrooms in, 92
unequal distribution of Starbucks stores in, 92
New York Times, 239
Earth Day advertisements of Starbucks in, 191, 199
sold at Starbucks stores, 35–36, 61, 110, 117, 121
Nicaragua, 223–229
No Logo (Klein), 177, 248
Nunberg, Geoffrey, 149
Nutritional value of Starbucks drinks, 142–145
Oatmeal serving, trash generated in, 199
Obama, Barack, 174, 177, 246
Obsessive branding disorder, 4
Occupations of Starbucks customers, 34
Office space, Starbucks stores used as, 87–94
Oil use, environmental impact of, 188
in extra miles driven, 181–182
in product of plastics, 181
Oldenburg, Ray, third place concept of, 82, 86, 95, 96–97, 98, 99, 100–102, 116
Olsen, Mary-Kate, 146, 147
One Day Longer (Albom), 170
Oniomania, 125
Opera music, 154, 157
Organic coffee, 227
Oxfam, 233–236
Packard, Ben, 186, 187
Panhandlers, 68–69
Paper Chase (television show), 141
Paper products used by Starbucks, environmental impact of, 180–181, 188–200
Paquet, Laura, 124, 136–137
Parker, Charlie, 103, 156
Pasqua, 44
Patch, Linda, 132
Pathmark, executives recruited from, 44
Pedraza, Milton, 202
Peet, Alfred, 27, 33
Peet’s, 27–28, 29, 33, 63, 207
Pendergrast, Mark, 216
Penny universities, 102–103, 108, 111, 116, 118
Pepsi, executives recruited from, 44
Perry, Mike, 57
Perstorp, Schultz at, 31
Petrini’s, 24, 28, 256n3
Pike Place Blend, 54–55
Pike Place Market, original Starbucks store in, 21, 28–30, 31, 43
“Planet Green Game,” 186
Plastic products used by Starbucks, environmental impact of, 181
Point of Purchase: How Shopping Changed American Culture (Zukin), 128
Polgar, Alfred, 119
Politics
discussions on
avoided in Starbucks, 116–118
in historical coffeehouses, 102–104, 117
in public spaces, 97
and environmental issues, 174, 198–199
in ethical consumption, 203, 204
and food choices, 25
and loss of faith in government, 176–178
Poniewozik, James, 55
Popcorn, Faith, 104–105, 106, 129, 144
Portland Phoenix, 91
Post, Denny, 36, 42–43, 128
Posthippie capitalism, 29
Posthippie foodies, 26, 27
Pos
tneed economy, 241
buying decisions in, 5, 240
narratives on coffee farmers affecting, 231
cultural value of Starbucks in, 15, 16, 18
customer service in, 73
ethical consumption in, 202
knowledge and information in, 153
retail therapy in, 124, 142
successful brands in, 11, 13
tyranny of choice in, 62–63
Postrel, Virginia, 38
Poverty in coffee-growing areas, 206, 227–228, 232, 236
Predictability, 10, 19, 58–81
and authenticity, 60
of brands, 59–60
and homogenization of downtown areas, 75–81, 242
for business meetings, 89
in cleanliness, 67–68
comfort in, 59–60
conformity in, 80–81
desire for, 61–65
difficulty with natural products, 65–66
dull, 62
employee training for, 62
and individuality, 72–75
and mass customization, 60
in music, 154–155, 163
in public-looking space, 65–75
sense of place lost in, 75–81
in travel, 58, 59, 61–62, 63–65, 67–68
Price, Craig, 175
PROCENCAFE, 224
Profitability of Starbucks, 3, 10, 15, 214
CD music sales in, 159–166, 172
decline in, 2, 134, 239
Ethos Water sales in, 212–213
in global good feelings, 204
as primary mission, 120
Public, Starbucks company going, 44, 45
Public spaces, 12, 65–75, 105, 242
being alone in, 114–121
cocooning in, 115
shrinking of, 5, 19, 87
and stores as private exclusive space, 68–70, 107–108
and stores as third space, 82–121
unregulated discussions in, 97–98
Putnam, Robert, 12, 105, 106
Quotes on takeaway cups, 111–112
Rap music, 71, 158–159, 167
Rapp, Dan, 111, 112
Record and CD sales, 159–166, 172
Recycled material, 196
in coffee cups, 186–187
and cups as unrecyclable, 197
in coffee cup sleeves, 185
Recycling
of coffee grounds, 185
in Starbucks stores, 196–197
Research methods, 247–251
direct observation in, 248–250
interviews in, 250
Restrooms. See
Bathrooms Retail therapy, 19, 122–148
caloric and fat content of drinks in, 142–145
cost calculations in, 138–141
gender differences in, 127–134
short-term comfort from, 147
Reusable coffee cups, 189–196
company policy on, compared to in-store experience, 189–192
discount for use of, 194–195
Richie, Nicole, 146
Ricks, Linda, 112
Riedel, Witold, 68
Ritzer, George, 59, 71, 108, 120–121