African Americans, 99
and boycott of Starbucks after Roberts killing, 176–177
and locations of Starbucks stores, 92
Mailer on, 158
music of, 158–159
requesting bathroom key, 93
in third place interactions, 97–98
Age
of baristas, 66–67
of customers, and drink preferences, 50–51, 53
Airports, Starbucks coffee sold in, 36, 54, 61–62
Albom, Mitch, 170
Alliance for Environmental Innovation, 184, 186–187, 189
Alternative energy, 185
American Pastoral (Roth), 69
Anderson, Elijah, 97–98, 99, 101, 116
An Inconvenient Truth, 185
Antiglobalization protests, 177, 208, 221
Antigone Rising, 164, 165, 168
Appetite suppressant effects of coffee, 146
Arctic Tale (film), 186
Art and posters
in historical coffeehouses, 104, 121
in Starbucks stores, 53, 72–73, 108–109, 121
Asman, David, 54–55
Aspirational value of products, 7–9, 19, 36, 42, 71, 146-147
Associationalism, everyday, 12
Athens, Georgia, 243
Atlantic City, New Jersey, 99
Authenticity, 15, 19, 26
and efficiency, 44, 45–46
elusive concept of, 26, 247n7
expansion and industrialization affecting, 43–47, 65
in Il Giornale, 32–33
introduction of milk-and-sugar drinks affecting, 47–57
and mass customization, 60
in music, 157
in original Starbucks store, 28–29, 31, 43
of Peet’s, 27–28
and predictability, 60
Schultz on, 40, 42
Bach, David, 139, 140
Baja Fresh, 26
Baker, Steve, 187–188
Baldwin, Jerry, 22–30, 31, 32, 33, 38
Banana Republic, 74, 75, 108
Baristas, 39, 55, 66–67. See also Employees of Starbucks
Barnes and Noble, 36, 75
Bathrooms, 90–93, 94
cleanliness of, 91
locked doors of, 92–93
public, 92
single, implications of, 136–137
Baudrillard, Jean, 118, 119
Baylor University, controversial cup quote in, 112
Beah, Ishmael, 170–171
Beam, Alex, 82
Beck, Greg, 109, 135–136, 137
Beck, Martha, 132, 133
Beck, Ulrich, 219
Bedbury, Scott, 13
“Be Green This Summer” campaign, 185–186
Bell, David, 202
“Ben Franklin Coffeehouse Challenge,” 116
Benicia, California, 79–80
Benjamin, Medea, 208
Ben & Jerry’s, 22, 75, 130
BK Joe, 128. 262n30
Black Apron coffee
from Ethiopia, 231
from Rwanda, 215–216, 217–218
Black Gold (film), 235–236
Blended drinks, 47–57
Bloomberg, Michael, 78, 92
BMW, 7, 9, 54, 124
Bobos (bourgeois bohemians), 8, 16, 42, 60, 64
Body Shop, 75, 221
Books promoted and sold by Starbucks, 155-156, 169–171
Borders, 75, 76, 105
Bottled water sold by Starbucks, 110, 196, 212–213
Bowker, Gordon, 22, 27, 28, 29
Bowling, as indicator of civic engagement, 12, 105
Boycott of Starbucks after Roberts killing, 176–177
Brands, 3–4
and obsessive branding disorder, 4
predictability of, 59–60
and homogenization of downtown areas, 75–81
promises of, 13–14
for political problem-solving, 177–178
sense of community from, 12–13, 82, 84
Brashear, Matthew, 11
Brewster, David, 155–160, 163, 167
Broderick, Bing, 152–153, 154, 155, 269n5
Brooks, David, 8, 38, 60
Brown, Matthew, 117
Brubeck, Dave, 108
Buck, Sam, 230
Buena Vista Social Club, 151, 156
Built for Growth (Rubinfeld), 114
Bukowski, Charles, 103
Burger King, 36, 42
caloric and fat content of foods from, 142
and chain problem, 75, 77
coffee from, 128
compared to Starbucks, 83
Burns, Scott, 139, 140
Business people, as customers of Starbucks in desire for predictability in travel, 64
in need for work space and meeting place, 87–94
Buying
in compulsive shopping disorder, 125
in conspicuous consumption, 34
environmental decisions in, 179
in ethical consumption, 201–204
gender differences in, 127–134
for identity and status, 7–8, 26, 37–38
limitations of, 246
meanings of, 2–4
of music, 161
in impulse purchases, 161, 168
and revenues from CD sales, 159–164
positioning of merchandise for, 161, 168, 210
postwar patterns of, 36
in retail therapy, 124
tyranny of choice in, 62–63
Café Estima, 210–211
CAFE Practices, 211–212, 237
cost to farmer for compliance with, 227, 229
in Nicaragua, 226–229
Caffeine content of coffee, 141
and traces found in water supply, 182
California, debate on chain stores in, 79
Caloric content of Starbucks drinks, 142–145, 147
Cappuccino, 32, 48, 55, 56
CARE, contributions of Starbucks to, 207, 214–215
CD music sales, 159–166, 172
CEOCAFEN, 225, 228
Ceramic coffee cups
company policy on, compared to in-store experience, 189–192
environmental benefits of, 189–196
Chain stores, predictability and homogenization in, 75–81, 242
Chantico, 133–134
Charitable contributions of Starbucks, 207–208
from Black Apron coffee sales, 218
from CARE sampler, 214–215
from Ethos Water sales, 213
Charles, Ray, 85, 159–160, 171
Cheers (TV show), 103
Chez Panisse, 25
Chicago, Starbucks expansion into, 34–35
Child, Julia, 24
Cho, Nick, 47, 48, 56, 57, 259n38
Choice
of drinks, number of options in, 73
tyranny of, 62–63
apparent freedom of, 166
Chris’s Soul Food Restaurant, 8
Civic participation, decline in, 12, 105
Clark, Dick, 241
Clark, Taylor, 47
Clay, Dan, 216, 217
Cleanliness of Starbucks stores, 67–68
in bathrooms, 91
for business meetings, 90
smoking ban in, 113–114
Coclanis, Peter, 63
Cocooning, 104–106, 115
Coffee
Baldwin’s first taste of, 23
from Burger King, 128
caffeine content of, 141, 182
cost of. See Cost of coffee customer education on, 29, 32, 40, 43, 56
from Dunkin’ Donuts, 55, 214
employee training on, 39–40, 55
expansion affecting quality of, 44–45
fair-trade. See Fair-trade coffee health effects of, 146–147
from McDonald’s, 54, 55, 63, 68, 70
from original Starbucks store, 28–29
from Peet’s, 27–28, 33
trends in consumption of, 179
weather affecting, 50, 52–53
Coffee and Farmer Equity Practices (CAFE Practices), 211–212, 237
cost to farmer for compliance with, 227, 229
in Nicaragua, 226–229
Coffee beans in CAFE Practices, 211–212, 226–229, 237
in early years of Starbucks, 15, 28, 29, 39
from Ethiopia, 230–236
expansion affecting quality of, 15–16, 44–45
fair-trade. See Fair-trade coffee large scale roasting of, 45, 47
from Nicaragua, 223–229
at Peet’s, 27–28
preground, 45
price paid for, 207
in fair-trade products, 208
from Rwanda, 215–216, 217–218
as store decoration, 53–54
Coffee consumption, 24-25, 179, 241, 249
Coffee cups
as advertising, 192
annual number used by Starbucks, 187
biodegradable and compostable, 187, 273n18
environmental impact of, 179–181, 183–200
plastic content of, as unrecyclable, 197
quotes on, 111–112
recycled materials in, 186–187
reusable, 189–196
company policy on, compared to in-store experience, 189–192
discount for use of, 194–195
sleeves for, 184–185
with splash stick, 199
two used per serving, 184
Coffee farms and farmers, 205–212
in CAFE Practices, 211–212, 226–229
in Costa Rica, 220–221
in Ethiopia, 230–236
fair-trade coffee of, 208–211, 214, 224–225, 275n11
income of, 207
in Nicaragua, 223–229
in Rwanda, 215–216, 217–218, 222–223, 243
Starbucks films on, 205–207, 209, 220–221
virtual travel to, 204–207
water supply of, 212
Coffee grounds, composting of, 185
Coffee House Man, 103
Coffeehouses and coffee shops community notices posted in, 109
European tradition of, 102–104
active participation and connections in, 118–119
and cup quotes promotion, 111–112
dangers associated with, 113
freedom of speech in, 117
modified by Starbucks, 112–120
as penny universities, 102–103, 108, 111, 116, 118
in Starbucks marketing material, 108, 111
independent, 17, 77
in competition with Starbucks, 56–57, 242
in recent economic downturn, 240
in Seattle, 81
near military bases, 104
Coffee Klatch, 57
Coffee machines
for sale in store, as store decoration, 53–54
used in stores, 32
fully automated, 46–47, 57, 65
semiautomatic, 39
Coffee passports, 151
Color scheme in Starbucks stores, 11, 18, 41–42, 135–136, 137–138
Comfort, in predictability, 59–60
Community, sense of, 11–13, 16, 19
in active engagement, 101
brands providing, 12–13, 82, 84
cocooning trend affecting, 104–106
limited conversations between customers affecting, 94–104, 106–108, 114–121
in third place, 83, 84, 86
in virtual communities, 84, 263n7
Community boards, 109–110
Composting
of coffee cups, 187, 273n18
of coffee grounds, 185
Compulsive shopping disorders, 125
Cone,173, 174, 178, 202, 203
Conformity in predictability, 80–81
Conley, Lucas, 3–4
Connections
as basic need, 96
between customers, 16
and boundaries of personal space, 119
and limited conversations, 94–104, 106–108, 114–121
in traditional coffeehouses, 102–104, 118–119
of employees with customers, 107
employee training on, 73–74, 95–96
The Conquest of Cool (Frank), 248
Conservation International, 209, 211
Conspicuous consumption, 11, 34, 38, 123, 202
Consumer persuasion industry, 6, 133
Consumer society, 3
Consumption
conspicuous, 11, 34, 38, 123, 202
as entertainment, 6
ethical, 201-204, 237
limitations of, 246
in retail therapy, 124
Conversations
between customers, limited connections in, 94–104, 106–108, 114–121
table design affecting, 114
in traditional coffeehouses, 102–104, 118–119
Cooper, Alice, 1
Cosmopolitan canopy, 97–98, 101, 116
Costa Rica, 220–221
Cost of coffee, 71, 256n26
as affordable luxury in self-gifting, 122–148
competitive pricing introduced in, 18
in creation of status and identity, 7–8, 16–17, 37–38, 70
from Dunkin’ Donuts, 214
in ethical consumption, 204
as factor in personal debt, 138–141
in fair-trade, 208, 214
and income of coffee farmers, 207, 214
from McDonald’s, 70
and paper coffee cups, 194–195
as rent for office space, 88, 94
from Rwanda, 216, 217–218
Cox-Golovich, Jan, 79
Crash (film), 12
Credit card purchases of coffee, 141
Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young, 167, 168
Crow, Sheryl, 80, 157
Culture associated with Starbucks, 9, 17
book selections in, 169–171
music selections in, 154–169
status and sophistication in, 38
The Culture of Fear (Glassner), 248
Cups for coffee. See Coffee cups
Customers
boundaries of personal space, 119
connections between
limited conversations in, 94–104, 106–108, 114–121
in traditional coffeehouses, 102–104, 118–119
desire for predictability, 61–65
education level of, 8, 10
education on coffee, 29, 32, 40, 43, 56
employee interactions with, 73–74, 95–96, 107
general characteristics of, 8
income of. See Income of customers
individuality of, 72–75
locations of stores targeted to, 34–35, 36, 69
music tastes of, 161, 167, 168
non-coffee drinking, milk-and-sugar drinks for, 47–57
occupations of, 34
of original Starbucks store, 29–30, 43
predictability of, 71
self-image of, 72–75
Starbucks as second place for, 87–94
Starbucks as third place for, 82–121
suburbs in the, 121
superregular, 74
teenagers as, 50–51, 53
travelers as, 36, 39
airport sales of Starbucks coffee to, 36, 54, 61–62
predictability of Starbucks experience in, 58, 59, 61–62, 63–65, 67–68
Customization
individuality in, 73
mass, 60
CVS Pharmacy, 77
Dailey, Ruth Ann, 80
Davis, Miles, 108, 156, 159
Debt, personal, cost of Starbucks coffee as factor in, 138–141
Decoration of Starbucks stores. See Environment of Starbucks stores
Delgado, Hazel, 150
DeLuca, Dan, 160
Design of Starbucks stores. See Environment of Starbucks stores
d’Estries, Michael, 196
Devils and Du
st music CD, 163–164
Discovery
costs of, in travel, 63
of music. See Music, discovery of value in feelings of, 150–151
Diversity, appeal of, 13, 70, 158, 171–72
Dolmus, Santiago, 225, 228–229
Donald, Jim, 53, 213, 235
Downtown areas
chain stores and predictability in, 75–81, 242
historical characteristics of, 75
Dunkin’ Donuts
advertisements of, 40
caloric and fat content of products from, 142
as competition for Starbucks, 2, 17
cost of coffee from, 214
decor and products of, 72
taste of coffee from, 55, 72
Dylan, Bob, 23, 26, 162, 165
Earth Day advertisements, 191, 199
Earth Day Foundation, 185
Easson, Kimberly, 223
Economy
global, 201–238
postneed. See Postneed economy recent downturn in, 1, 2, 5, 18, 239–241
Education of customers
on coffee, 29, 32, 40, 43, 56
level achieved, 8, 10
Education of employees. See Training of employees
Efficiency of operations, impact on authenticity, 44, 45–46, 47
Einstein Bros. Bagels, 75
Eisenbud, Eric, 194
Elliot, Jack, 26
Emotional value of products, 6–7, 16, 19 , 20
in predictability, 59–60, 65
in self-gifting, 125–127, 132–133
Employees of Starbucks, 39–40
age of, 66–67
appearance of, 66–67
fired for blog content, 117–118
layoffs of, 2
music choices of, 154, 155
in original Starbucks store, 29, 43
prounion, 16, 237
restrictions on conversations of, 117–118
scripts provided to, 11
tips received, 16, 237, 278n57
training of. See Training of employees turnover in, 107
work schedules of, 66, 107
Energy consumption
alternative and clean sources of energy in, 185
in extra miles driven for coffee, 181–182
Environment of Starbucks stores
art and posters in, 53, 72–73, 108–109, 121
automatic espresso machines hidden in, 46
bathrooms in, 90–93, 94, 136–137
cleanliness of, 67–68, 90, 91, 113–114
coffee machines and coffee beans as decorations in, 53–54
color scheme in, 11, 18, 41–42, 135–136, 137–138
Dunkin’ Donuts compared to, 72
elegance and sophistication in, 11, 135
furniture in, 121. See also Furniture in stores
individual store variations in, 72–73
lighting in, 113
McDonald’s compared to, 134–135
music in, 70–71, 85, 108, 149–172. See also Music
natural look in, 11, 41, 42
of original store in Pike Place Market, 21
as private exclusive space, 68–70, 107–108
as public-looking space, 65–75