Psychosis, [>]
Psychosurgery, [>], [>]–[>]
Pyramidal neuron, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Pyramidal tract, [>], [>]
Pyramid of Giza, [>]–[>]
Qin Shi Huang (emperor of China), [>]
Rain Man (film), [>]
Rakic, Pasko, [>]–[>], [>]
Ramachandran, V. S., [>]–[>], [>]
Ramón y Cajal, Santiago. See Cajal, Santiago Ramón y
Randomness, and quantum mechanics, [>]
Random selection, in Rosenzweig experiment, [>]
Reanimation, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Reason, limitations of, [>]
Receptors, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Recognition, computers’ poor performance at, [>]–[>]
Recollection, [>]–[>], [>], [>]. See also Memory(ies)
Reconnection, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
and age, [>]
in birds’ storage of song, [>]–[>]
and brain simulation, [>]
evidence for, [>], [>]
and memory, [>]–[>]
molecular interventions for, [>]
and reweighting, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
and rewiring, [>]
and sparse connectivity, [>]
in treatment, [>]
Redwood trees, neurons compared to, [>]
Regeneration, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
and birds’ song storage, [>]
and brain simulation, [>]
molecular interventions for, [>]
as treatment, [>]–[>]
Regeneration denial, [>]
Regional connections, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Regional connectome, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Reid, Clay, [>]
Reincarnation, as information transfer, [>]
Reiner, Rob, [>], [>]
Remapping of cortex, [>]
in absence of injury, [>]
deeper understanding of needed, [>]
and phantom limbs, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
and rewiring, [>]
and rewiring, [>], [>]
Research environment, for technological advances, [>]
“Respirator brain,” [>]
Retina, [>]
classes and types of neurons in, [>], [>]–[>]
connection between neuron classes and types in, [>]–[>]
“Reverberating activity,” [>]
Reweighting of synapse, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
in birds’ storage of song, [>]
in memory, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
molecular interventions for, [>]
and reconnection, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
and stroke, [>]–[>]
in treatment, [>]
Rewiring of brain, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
and adult brain, [>], [>]
and brain simulation, [>]
facilitated by brain injury, [>]
molecular interventions for, [>]
multiple processes in, [>]
and reconnection, [>]
and remapping, [>], [>]
in treatment, [>]–[>]
in vision experiments, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
and V1 potential, [>]
“Rewiring denial,” [>]
attacks on, [>]
caution over, [>]
qualification of, [>]
Rhône-Poulenc pharmaceutical company, [>], [>]
Rhyme on ailments and remedies (similar to Serenity Prayer), [>]
“Road Not Taken, The” (Frost), [>]
Rosenblatt, Frank, [>]
Rosenzweig, Mark, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Routing, [>]
Royal Society of London
C. elegans paper published by, [>]
and Leeuwenhoek, [>]–[>]
Ruska, Ernst, [>]
Russell, Richard, [>], [>]–[>]
Sade, Marquis de, [>]
Sakmann, Bert, [>]
Salpêtrière hospital, [>]–[>]
SBFSEM (serial block face scanning electron microscopy), [>]–[>]
Schalek, Richard, [>]
Schizophrenia, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
attempt to study in animals, [>]
behavioral signs of, [>]
cause of (genetics vs. environmental), [>]
as connectopathy, [>]–[>], [>]
drugs for
antipsychotics, [>]
and miswiring in animal models, [>]
and frontal lobe, [>]
genetics of, [>]
genetic testing for, [>]
and genomics, [>], [>]–[>]
lack of neuropathology in, [>], [>], [>]
symptoms vs. cause of, [>]
Schneider, Gerald, [>], [>]
Schumpeter, Joseph, [>]
Science
as collective activity, [>]
and negative experimental results, [>]
social aspect of, [>]
timing of discoveries in, [>]
visual revelations in, [>]
See also Neuroscience and neuroscientists
Science fiction, [>]
Science metaphor for neuronal activity, [>]–[>]
Scientific discovery
and efficient science hypothesis, [>]
and new technology, [>]–[>] (see also Technological innovation)
Scientific method, hypotheses in, [>]
and tools of measurement, [>]
Scottsdale, Arizona, Alcor Foundation in, [>]
Secretions
and brain, [>]–[>]
proteins in, [>], [>]
technology for measuring of, [>]
Seeing. See Vision
Selection bias, [>]
Self
changing vs. stable notion of, [>]
as connectome, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
as connectome plus models of neuron types, [>]
as connectome plus models of neuron types plus genome, [>]
as information, [>]–[>]
neuroscience on, [>]
Self-help books, [>]–[>]
Self-help programs, [>]
Seligman, Martin, [>]
Sensory homunculus, [>], [>], [>]
Sequential rule of Hebbian synaptic plasticity, [>], [>]
Serenity Prayer, [>], [>], [>]
Serial electron microscopy, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Denk’s improvement in, [>]–[>]
Serial light microscopy, [>]
Serotonin, [>]
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, [>]
Sherrington, Charles, [>]
Shua Dulah, [>]–[>]
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), [>]
“Single-unit” recording, [>]
Singularity Is Near, The (Kurzweil), [>]
Smith, Sir Grafton, [>]
Social policy, and studies of intelligence, [>]
Soul, [>], [>], [>]
Leibniz on, [>]
Southgate, Eileen, [>]
Sparse connectivity, [>]–[>], [>]
Sperm, [>]–[>], [>]
Leeuwenhoek’s observation of, [>]
Spikes and spiking, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
in axons, [>]
in dendrites, [>]–[>], [>]
measuring of, [>], [>]
and myelination, [>]
as output of neural decision, [>]
patterns of, [>]
persistent, [>]–[>]
proteins in, [>], [>]
reading of thoughts and perceptions from, [>]
single measurement of, [>]
Spines of dendrite, [>]–[>]
Split error, [>]
Sporns, Olaf, [>]
Spurzheim, Johann, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Stability-plasticity dilemma, [>]–[>]
Staining
“dense” method of, [>], [>]
exhibiting spikes, [>], [>]
Golgi method of, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
marking new neurons, [>]
Stanford Research Institute, [>]
Statistical fallacies
inferring individual measurements from averages, [>], [>]
and rare categories, [>]
selection bias, [>]
Stem cells, [>]
in treatment, [>], [>]
Stereo blindness, [>], [>]
Stimulation of brain, in cortical areas, [>]
Stock market, as efficient, [>]–[>]
Strabismus, recalibration after surgery for, [>]–[>]
“Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence” (SENS), [>]
Stratton, George, [>]–[>]
Stray capacitance, [>]
Streambed metaphor
for connectome, [>]–[>]
for recollection, [>]
Stroke
and brain, [>]–[>]
denial of by victim, [>]
and creation of neuroblasts, [>]
oxygen deprivation in, [>]
treatment of
neuroprotective drugs for, [>]
recovery window for, [>]
and reweighting, [>]–[>]
“Structure of the Nervous System of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans” (Brenner et al.), [>]
Stryker, Michael, [>]–[>], [>]
Substantia nigra pars compacta (part of basal ganglia), [>]
Subventricular zone, [>]
Suicide, Camus on, [>]–[>]
Superior colliculus (SC), [>]
Superior temporal gyrus, [>]–[>]
Sur, Mriganka, [>], [>]
Surgery
history of, [>]–[>], [>]
Paré as father of, [>]–[>]
Sword and the Stone, The (White), [>]
Sylvian fissure, [>], [>]
Synapse(s), [>], [>], [>]
in cerebellum, [>]
chemical, [>], [>]
coining of term, [>]
creation of, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
in adults, [>], [>]
on-demand theory of, [>], [>]
and extension of axons, [>]
in infant brain, [>]
labeling of, [>]
in memory (Greenough), [>], [>]
and neural Darwinism, [>]–[>], [>], [>] (see also Neural Darwinism)
at random, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
and sparse connectivity, [>]
in dead brains, [>]
density of, [>]
electrical, [>], [>], [>]
elimination of, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
labeling of, [>]
excitatory and inhibitory, [>]–[>], [>]
first images of, [>]
and ion channels, [>]
number of, [>]
reconnection of, [>]–[>] (see also Reconnection)
reweighting of, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] (see also Reweighting of synapse)
strength of, [>], [>]
changes in, [>]
and size, [>], [>]
and stability, [>]
weakness of, [>]
Synaptic chains, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
in birds’ songs, [>], [>], [>]
creation of, [>], [>], [>]
elimination of redundant connection in, [>], [>]
in memory, [>], [>]
and sequential memories, [>], [>]–[>]
scrambled/unscrambled diagram of, [>], [>]
Synaptic inhibition, [>]
and muscles, [>]
Synaptic plasticity, [>], [>]. See also Plasticity
Syphilis, [>]–[>]
Tabula rasa, [>]
Tan (patient), [>], [>]–[>]
Technological innovation, [>]
knowledge and change through, [>]
modern miracles from, [>]–[>]
in neuroscience, [>]–[>]
ATUM, [>]–[>]
computer industry critical in, [>]
computer for neuron reconstruction, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
electron microscope, [>]–[>] (see also Electron microscope)
and irreversibility of death, [>]–[>]
microscopy, [>]–[>], [>] (see also Microscopy)
microtomes and ultramicrotomes, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
SBFSEM, [>]–[>]
in search for causes of mental disorders, [>]
serial electron microscopy, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
stains, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>] (see also Staining)
scientific discovery through, [>]–[>]
single person’s inability to cope with data from, [>]
and transhumanism, [>]
Telephone analogy to neurotransmitter, [>]–[>]
Temporal lobe, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
learning to juggle as thickening, [>]
medial, [>]–[>]
Thalamus, [>]
Theaetetus (Plato), [>]
Third Law of Prediction, Clarke’s, [>]
Thomson, Alex, [>]
Thomson, Nichol, [>], [>], [>]
Thorazine, [>]
Thought
association in, [>]
and MTL, [>]
Plato on (wax metaphor), [>]
spiking provides picture of, [>]
Tracts, [>]–[>]
Transcendence, through computers, [>]
Transhumanism, [>], [>]–[>]
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), [>]
Transorbital leucotomy, [>]–[>]
Transplantation
for Parkinson’s disease, [>]–[>]
with vitrification, [>]
Traumatic events, drugs for forgetting of, [>]
Treatment, medical
for brain disorders, [>]
development of drugs for, [>]–[>]
primitive methods of, [>]
through regeneration, [>]–[>]
through rewiring, [>]–[>]
for stroke, [>], [>], [>]–[>]