Index
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
Abstract ideas, [>]
Action potentials (“spikes”), [>]–[>]. See also Spikes and spiking
Adaptation of cortical areas. See Remapping of cortex
Aging, efforts to suspend, [>]. See also Cryonics; Plastination; “Uploading”
AIDS, [>]–[>]
Alcoholics Anonymous, Serenity Prayer of, [>], [>]
Alcor Life Extension Foundation, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
promises of, [>]
and transhumanism, [>]
uncertainties over, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Ali, Muhammad, [>]
Allen, Woody, on immortality, [>]
Allocortex, [>]
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), [>], [>], [>], [>]
mouse models of, [>]
Amblyopia, [>]–[>], [>]
Amino acids, [>]
Amnesiacs, denial by, [>]
Amputation, and phantom limbs, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Aniston, Jennifer, as perception example, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
Antibiotics, [>], [>]
Antidepressants, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
Antipsychotics, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
Antonini, Antonella, [>]–[>], [>]
Aphasia, [>]
Broca’s, [>], [>]
conduction, [>], [>]
Wernicke’s, [>], [>]
Aplysia californica, [>]–[>]
Apple Incorporated, modern miracles from, [>]
Archaeological metaphor for neuroanatomy, [>]–[>]
Arcuate fasciculus, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Ariadne, [>], [>]
Aristotle, on memory, [>]–[>]
and associationism, [>]
Artificial intelligence, [>]–[>]
evaluation of, [>]–[>]
limitation of, [>], [>]
Ascaris lumbricoides, [>]
Asperger’s syndrome, [>]
ASPM, [>]
Association(s), [>], [>]
learning of, [>]–[>]
sequential rule of, [>], [>]
simultaneous rule of, [>]
and sparse connectivity, [>]–[>]
Associationism, [>], [>]
ATUM (automated tape-collecting ultramicrotome), [>]–[>], [>], [>]
“Augmenting Human Intellect” (Engelbart), [>]
Autism, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
attempt to study in animals, [>]
cause of (genetic vs. environmental), [>]–[>], [>]
as connectopathy, [>], [>]
drugs for (and miswiring in animal models), [>]
genetics of, [>]
genetic tests for, [>]
and genomics, [>], [>]–[>]
and ion channels, [>]
lack of neuropathology in, [>], [>], [>]
multiple forms of, [>]
Autism spectrum disorders, [>]
Axons, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
cross-sections of, [>]
in dead brains, [>]
as divergent, [>]
growth of after birth, [>]
myelinated, [>]
and spiking, [>] (see also Spikes and spiking)
white matter as, [>]–[>]
mapping of, [>], [>]–[>]
and wiring of brain, [>]
Bacon, Francis, [>]
Bailey, Percival, [>]
Balanced population, [>]
“Ball and stick” models, [>], [>]
Barry, Susan, [>]
Basal ganglia, [>]
Baudelaire, Charles, [>]
Behavior Genetics, Laws of, [>], [>]
Bernal, J. D., [>]–[>]
Bicêtre hospital, [>]–[>]
Binding site, [>]
“Biologics,” [>]
Biomolecules, and drug therapy, [>]
Bipolar disorder, [>]
Birds, [>]
similarities of to humans, [>]
songs of, [>]–[>]
examination of to find synaptic chains, [>]–[>], [>]
“Blank slate” view of mind, [>]
Blue Brain (computer simulation), [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Blue Gene/L (computer), [>]
Blum, Joseph, [>]
Bock, Davi, [>]
BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) signal, [>]
Bonin, Gerhardt von, [>]
Boundary detection, [>]–[>], [>]
Bragg, Lawrence, [>]
Braille readers, [>]
Brain(s)
abnormalities in
lissencephaly, [>]–[>], [>]
microcephaly, [>], [>]
adult plasticity of, [>]
“areas” and “regions’ of, [>]
change in (and learning new behavior), [>]–[>]
complexity of, [>], [>]
death of, [>]–[>]
as connectome destruction, [>]–[>]
development of, [>]
and abnormalities, [>], [>], [>]
change easiest in early stages of, [>]
and gene therapy, [>]–[>]
and organizational patterns, [>]–[>]
synapse creation and destruction, [>]–[>], [>]
enhancing normal function of, [>]
fMRI in mapping of, [>]–[>]
forest metaphor for, [>], [>]
complexity of, [>]
hierarchical perceptron model for, [>]
individual differences in functioning of, [>], [>], [>], [>]
as irreplaceable, [>]–[>]
Labyrinth metaphor for, [>]–[>]
left vs. right, [>]
and hemispherectomy in children, [>]
and sides of body, [>]
MRI cross-section of, [>]
muscles compared with, [>]–[>]
as mysterious, [>]
and neuroanatomy, [>]–[>]
and neurons (see also Neurons)
and connections between, [>]
number of, [>]
organization of, [>], [>]
plastination of, [>]–[>]
in recovery from stroke, [>]–[>]
regions of studied, [>]
rewiring of, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>] (see also Rewiring of brain)
size of
and autism, [>]–[>]
and intelligence, [>]–[>]
and mental differences, [>], [>]
and schizophrenia, [>]–[>]
structure of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
and connectionism, [>]–[>]
and different levels of activation, [>]–[>]
vs. function as criterion for division, [>]
and genius, [>]–[>]
and individual differences, [>], [>], [>]
and localizationism, [>]–[>] (see also Localizationism)
measurement in study of, [>]
and neuron types, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
proper division of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
similar functions within region of, [>]
and specific abilities, [>]
study of
as available approach to understanding, [>]
and regions, [>]
of Tan, [>]
and technologies, [>] (see also Technological innovation)
and thinking, [>] (see also Thought)
transfer of functions between parts of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
and equipotentiality, [>]–[>]
“wiring” of, [>]–[>] (see also Connectome)
in childhood vs. adulthood, [>]–[>]
and connections between regions, [>]–[>]
and dead brains, [>]–[>]
wires across boundaries, [>]
See also Cortex; other brain parts
Brain archaeology, neuroanatomy as, [>]
Brain disorders
epilepsy, [>], [>] (see also Epilepsy)
infectious, [>]–[>]
treatment of, [>]
development of drugs for,
[>]–[>]
primitive methods of, [>]
through regeneration, [>]–[>]
and research on areas, [>]–[>]
through rewiring, [>]–[>]
for stroke, [>], [>], [>]–[>]
See also Mental disorders and disabilities; Neurodegenerative disorders
Brain injury
and cortical area acquiring new function, [>]
denial of by victim, [>]
in identifying cortical areas, [>]–[>]
from oxygen deprivation, [>]
recovery from quicker in earlier time of life, [>]
regeneration as treatment for, [>]–[>]
and regional connections, [>]–[>]
and regions affected, [>]
rewiring facilitated by, [>], [>]
in stroke, [>]–[>]
symptoms of, [>]
Brain of monkey, map of, [>], [>]
Brain Preservation Prize, [>]
Brain simulation, [>]–[>]
atom-by-atom, [>]
and change, [>]
connectome as basis for, [>]–[>]
and controversy over cat brain, [>]–[>]
and extrasynaptic interactions of neurons, [>]–[>]
and neuron-variety problem, [>]–[>]
success criterion for, [>]–[>]
See also Computer simulation; “Uploading”
Brainstem, [>], [>], [>]
“Brainstem death,” [>]–[>]
Brain That Changes Itself, The: Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science (Doidge), [>]
Brain tissue, in ultramicrotome, [>]
“Brain in a vat” scenario, [>]
Brave New World (Huxley), [>]
Brenner, Sydney, [>]–[>]
Briggman, Kevin, [>]
Broadcasting, [>]
Broca, Paul, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Broca’s aphasia, [>], [>]
Broca’s region, [>], [>], [>], [>]
connected to Wernicke’s region, [>]–[>]
and stroke damage, [>]
Broca-Wernicke model of language, [>], [>], [>]
replacement for, [>]
Brodmann, Korbinian, [>], [>], [>], [>]
Brodmann’s map, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
and brain damage, [>]
Lashley on, [>]
and synapse creation, [>]
Brooks’ Law, [>]
Byron, Lord, [>]
Caffeine, and brain function, [>]
Cajal, Santiago Ramón y
and neuron classification, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
and neuron contact, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
neurons drawn by, [>], [>]
Nobel Prize to, [>]
Calculus, simultaneous discovery of, [>]
Campbell, Alfred, [>]
Camus, Albert, [>]–[>]
Candide (Voltaire), [>]
Cat brain simulation, controversy over, [>]–[>]
CA3 region of hippocampus, [>], [>], [>], [>]
C. elegans worm(s), [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
connectome of mapped, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
as connectome twins, [>]–[>]
map of nervous system (connectome) of, [>], [>], [>]
neuron types in, [>]–[>]
“reduced” connectome of, [>]
simulation of (and neuron models), [>]–[>]
slice of, [>]
types of neurons in, [>]
Cell(s), [>]
Bernal on future manipulation of, [>]
ice inside as fatal, [>]
“programmed” death of, [>]
Cell assembly(ies), [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]
creation of, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
overlapping, [>]
spiking of, [>]
Cell body, of neuron, [>]
Cell theory
acceptance of, [>]
as cornerstone of biology, [>]
Central nervous system (CNS), [>]
Central sulcus, [>]
Cerebellum, [>], [>], [>]
in musicians, [>]
synapse in, [>]
Cerebral cortex, [>]–[>]
Cerebral lateralization, [>]
Cerebrum, [>]–[>], [>]
and brainstem death, [>]
Chadwick, John, [>], [>]–[>]
Change
from brain rewiring, [>]–[>]
question of possibility of, [>]–[>]
See also Learning
Changeux, Jean-Pierre, [>]
Channelopathy, [>]
Chemical message
by hormones, [>]
between human beings, [>]–[>]