Slovenia, 126, 135
Social Democrats, 72
socialism, 64, 196, 241, 287, 293–294, 304
in Africa, 246
in Israel, 252–53
in Soviet Union, 43–44
Western policy and, 102–4
Solidarity labor movement, 17, 18
Somalia, 198, 252, 263, 267
South Africa, 20, 28
apartheid in, 246, 257–59
South Yemen, 198
Soviet republics, 58, 89, 99, 145, 146
communist deprivations in, 57
CSCE and, 128
elections in, 66
independence of, 69, 70
nationalism in, 55–56, 69, 70, 184
Russia’s importance to, 77–78
security vacuum of, 117
U.S. foreign policy and, 74–76, 139–40
Western aid and, 95, 103
Soviet Union, 126, 166, 167, 200, 212, 233–35, 244, 273, 275, 276–77
China’s border dispute with, 164
in cold war, 16–18
conflicting traditions in, 139–40
Cuba aided by, 17, 52, 91, 93
Eastern Europe dominated by, 114–15
Japan’s dispute with, 184–85, 188–90, 193
Jewish emigration from, 222, 223
Muslim world and, 198, 202
1973 Middle East War and, 221
Persian Gulf ambitions of, 214
Persian Gulf War and, 62–63, 214
republics brutalized by, 57–59
Vietnam aided by, 259–60
West Germany and, 120–21, 123
World War II aftermath and, 25
Soviet Union, postcommunist, 14, 26, 48, 61, 113–14, 125–26, 132, 149, 183, 206, 223, 279, 304
administrative weakness of, 71–72
arms control and, 83–90
assets of, 99–100
August coup in, see August coup
bureaucratic system of, 43, 69, 101
CFE treaty and, 27
China’s rapprochement with, 20, 38, 184, 187–88
collapse of communism in, 122–124
commonwealth as goal for, 70, 109
democracy in, 301–2
democratic socialism and, 102–4
East Asia policy of, 184–90, 193
East European economy and, 90–91, 134
East European security vacuum and, 116–17
espionage activities by, 93–94
foreign policy of, 81–84
foreign vs. economic policy of, 62–63
free election in, 55
German aid to, 120–21
imperialistic tradition of, 43, 69, 123
Japanese aid to, 155–56
Japan’s rapprochement with, 188–89
military spending and, 81–83
Muslim population of, 196
nationalism in, 55–56, 69, 70, 184
NATO as balance to, 23
Persian Gulf War and, 29, 32, 62–63, 214
political system of, 68–73
post-coup economy of, 98–99
reactionaries in, 15
reform movement in, 66–61
self-determination and, 72–74
socialism and, 43–44
third world regimes and, 91–92
trade and, 23–24
U.S. contrasted with, 56
Western aid to, 44–47, 49–50, 76–77, 97–100
xenophobia of, 190
Yeltsin’s importance to, 78–79
Spain, 25
Sri Lanka (Ceylon), 28, 233
Stalin, Joseph, 16, 29, 38, 56, 57, 63, 67, 110, 113, 115, 120, 156, 164, 187, 201–2
State Department, U.S., 50–51, 54, 181
state economic interventionism, 251
Steffens, Lincoln, 101
Stein, Herbert, 278
Stevenson, Adlai, 52
Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty (START), 18, 27, 83, 84–90, 279
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 62, 279
Sudan, 198
Suez crisis (1956), 17, 59, 210
Suharto, 207
supply-side economics, 242
Supreme Soviet, 66, 70
Sweden, 103
Syria, 138, 195, 196–97, 201, 203, 205, 206, 208, 212
Israel and, 173, 222, 223, 225, 228
Soviet Union and, 17, 91, 198, 221, 222, 227
Taiwan (Republic of China), 17, 39, 164, 175, 177, 183, 233, 250
Communist China and, 170, 181, 241
exports and, 245
growth of, 237–38
international standing of, 181–82
literacy rate of, 242
Tanzania, 252, 263
taxes:
in underdeveloped world, 242–243
U.S. deficit and, 286–87
terrorism, 17, 195, 198, 201, 203–204, 205, 209, 215, 225
Thailand, 148, 157, 262, 263
Thatcher, Margaret, 29, 60, 145
third world, see underdeveloped world
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 280–81
Tiananmen Square uprising, 20, 49, 168–69, 171, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 182
Tibet, 179–80
Tigre People’s Liberation Front, 250
Time, 60, 96
Tito (Josip Broz), 16
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 111, 118, 289
trade, 189, 290
barriers to, 264–67
as deterrent to aggression, 23–24
Japanese practices in, 158–59, 161
most-favored-nation status and, 174–76
underdeveloped world and, 264–265
U.S.-Asian, 148
U.S.-Chinese, 176
U.S.-East European, 134
Traore, Moussa, 250
Tripartite Declaration, 210
Truman, Harry S., 59, 114, 272
Tunisia, 198, 202
Turkey, 16, 39, 137, 196, 202, 205–6, 211, 272
Ukraine, 46, 52, 57, 58, 78
underdeveloped world, 39, 89, 232–271
apartheid and, 257–59
capitalism in, 262
China and regional conflicts in, 173
competitive markets and, 240–41
debt relief and, 269
declining economies of, 251–53
democracy in, 247–51
economic development in, 233–34
economic mismanagement in, 245
economic potential of, 235
enterprise funds and, 132, 268
exports and, 244–45, 264–67
foreign aid for, 255–57, 267–69
foreign investment and, 243–44
free-trade zone and, 266–67
GATT and, 264
human capital of, 242
import substitution and, 239–40
inflation in, 249
international competition and, 241
military spending by, 255
NATO and, 143–44
pariah states of, 257–61
political corruption in, 249–50
political instability in, 245–47
population control and, 263–64
poverty in, 233–35, 245
proposed disengagement from, 236
racism and, 241
Soviet Union and regional conflicts in, 62, 91
state intervention and, 243–44, 251, 253–54
taxes and, 242–43
trade barriers and, 264–67
U.S. as perceived by, 270–71
wars in, 235
Union of Sovereign States, 107
UNITA movement, 19, 261
United Arab Emirates, 205
United Nations (U.N.), 121, 144, 150, 153, 170, 208, 210, 215, 276, 277
Arab-Israeli conflict and, 223
Persian Gulf War and, 29, 33, 34–35
Yugoslavian civil war and, 135
United States:
domestic concerns of, 291–97
idealis
m of, 274–78, 300–302
leadership role of, 287–88
limited power of, 33–34
military force of, 279–80
myth of decline of, 24–26
world economy and, 25–26
United States-Japan Mutual Security Treaty, 150
urban underclass, 295–97
Uruguay Round, see General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs
U.S. Institute, 181
Uttar Pradesh, 247
Uzbekistan, 198
“velvet revolutions,” 23
Vietnam, 19, 31, 91, 171, 174, 187, 190, 233, 257, 267
Soviet aid to, 259–61
U.S. relations with, 259–60
Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (North), 17, 164, 176
Vietnam, Republic of (South), 17, 164, 276
Vietnam War, 148, 164, 165, 166, 187, 261
“virgin lands” campaign, 57
Voice of America, 179
Voltaire (François Marie Arouet), 183
Walesa, Lech, 58
Warsaw Pact, 115, 116, 117
welfare system, U.S., 296
Western European Union, 206
Wilson, Woodrow, 34, 58, 59, 229, 300, 304
World Bank, 267–68
World War I, 22, 34, 120, 124, 275
World War II, 16, 22, 81, 100, 120, 124, 136, 148, 150, 151, 152, 185, 189, 214, 218, 275, 300, 303
aftermath of, 115–16, 123, 235, 268
U.S. GNP and, 25–26
Yakovlev, Alexander, 46
Yazov, Dimitri, 48, 49, 67
Yeltsin, Boris, 27, 44, 47, 58, 65, 68, 83, 93, 100, 101, 103, 125, 140
August coup and, 31, 52–55, 70, 75–76, 78–79
election of, 46, 66
Gorbachev as perceived by, 105
Gorbachev contrasted with, 50–55, 76–77, 95
importance of, 78–79
Western view of, 52–54, 80
Yemen, 196
Yugoslavia, 16, 132, 196
civil war in, 125, 126, 129, 135, 142
Zahir Shah, Mohammed, 92
Zambia, 250
Zhao Ziyang, 166, 168, 172
Zhou Enlai, 184
Zia ul-Haq, Mohammad, 91, 106, 201
Simon & Schuster
1230 Avenue of the Americas
New York, NY 10020
www.SimonandSchuster.com
Copyright © 1992 by Richard Nixon
Special contents copyright © 2012 by The Richard Nixon Foundation
All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever. For information address Simon & Schuster Subsidiary Rights Department, 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020
First Simon & Schuster ebook edition January 2013
SIMON & SCHUSTER and colophon are registered trademarks of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
The Simon & Schuster Speakers Bureau can bring authors to your live event. For more information or to book an event contact the Simon & Schuster Speakers Bureau at 1-866-248-3049 or visit our website at www.simonspeakers.com.
ISBN 978-1-4767-3972-4 (eBook)