National Aeronautics and Space Administration. See NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
National Association of Public Administration. See NAPA (National Association of Public Administration)
National Defense Authorization Act. See NDAA (National Defense Authorization Act)
National Executive Committee for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing, 154
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. See NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
National Research Council. See NRC (National Research Council)
national security letters, 167–68
NAV 1000 GPS receiver, 105
Naval Navigation Satellite System. See Transit
Naval Research Laboratory. See NRL (Naval Research Laboratory)
Naval Space Surveillance System. See NAVSPASUR (Naval Space Surveillance System)
NAVCEN (Navigation Center), 106–7
navigation, 16, 31–39, 41–55, 141–45, 169–70, 204–5
Navigation Center. See NAVCEN (Navigation Center)
Navigation Experimental Satellites. See NES (Navigation Experimental Satellites)
Navigation Satellite Executive Steering Group. See NAVSEG (Navigation Satellite Executive Steering Group)
Navigation Technology Satellites. See NTS (Navigation Technology Satellites)
NAVSEG (Navigation Satellite Executive Steering Group), 60, 65–67, 69, 70, 90
NAVSPASUR (Naval Space Surveillance System), 27–28. See also Space Surveillance
The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System, 96
Navy, 13–14, 51, 54, 58, 112–13
NDAA (National Defense Authorization Act), 185–86
NDP Consulting Group, 187
NES (Navigation Experimental Satellites), 63, 64
Newton, Isaac, 41
911 calls, wireless, 145–46
NNSS. See Transit
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), 99
Nokia, 144, 147
Noonan, Frank, 35
Norris, Pat, 33
North Carolina–South Carolina Joint Boundary Commission, 171–72
North Korea, 194, 199
Notice Advisory to Navstar Users. See NANU (Notice Advisory to Navstar Users)
NRC (National Research Council), 136–38
NRL (Naval Research Laboratory), 8, 14–16, 17, 45–46, 51–53, 63–64, 70–73, 176–77
NSC 5520 directive, 16, 18–19
NSDD 102, 91, 93
NTS (Navigation Technology Satellites), 63, 64, 69, 70–73
nuclear detonation sensors, 97–98
octant, 35
OCX (Operational Control Segment), 184, 191–92
O’Grady, Scott, 127–29
OnStar, 1–2, 3
“Open Skies ” Treaty (1955), 18
Operational Control Segment. See OCX (Operational Control Segment)
Operation Desert Storm. See Persian Gulf War
Operation El Dorado Canyon, 110
Operation Senior Surprise, 109–10
O’Reilly, Tim, 92
overpasses, 202
P (precision) code, 83, 130
Pace, Scott, 5–6
Parkinson, Bradford, 65, 66, 67–68, 71–73
PDD NSTC-6 (Presidential Decision Directive, National Science and Technology Council 6), 138
Pelley, Scott, 115
Persian Gulf War, 109–26
personal navigation device. See PND (personal navigation device)
Petroski, Henry, 189
Phillips, Steven, 3
Pioneer 4, 43–44
PLGR (precision lightweight GPS receiver), 122
PND (personal navigation device), 4, 141–45, 147, 155, 158
PNT (positioning, naviation, and timing), 5, 54, 154, 176, 187, 200
Pollack, Andrew, 116
positioning, naviation, and timing. See PNT (positioning, naviation, and timing)
Pozesky, Martin, 135–36
PPS (Precise Positioning Service), 132, 133
Precise Positioning Service. See PPS (Precise Positioning Service)
precision lightweight GPS receiver. See PLGR (precision lightweight GPS receiver)
Presidential Decision Directive, National Science and Technology Council 6. See PDD NSTC-6 (Presidential Decision Directive, National Science and Technology Council 6)
Pride of Canterbury, 34
privacy issues, 159–61, 163–70
PRN (pseudorandom noise) codes, 83
Project 621B, 58, 60–61
Project Glass, 205
Project Vanguard, 7–12, 17–18, 21–29, 47
pseudorandom noise codes. See PRN (pseudorandom noise) codes
psychological warfare, 21–22
public relations, 175–78
public safety, 145–46
Puckett, Allen, 45
Quarles, Donald, 16, 18
quartz oscillators, 54, 62, 84, 85
Quasi-Zenith Satellite System. See
QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System)
QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System), 182
radar, 27–28, 38, 39, 47–48, 68, 111, 118, 127, 193, 199, 203
radio waves, 38, 82–83
RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring), 134
RAND study, 136–38
range measurements, satellite navigation and, 44
READI (Real-Time Earthquake Analysis for Disaster) Mitigation Network, 174
Reagan, Ronald, 91–93
Real-Time Earthquake Analysis for Disaster Mitigation Network. See READI (Real-Time Earthquake Analysis for Disaster) Mitigation Network
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring. See RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring)
Redstone rocket program, 19–20
Reed, Frank, 37
Rockwell Collins, 100, 101, 104–5, 121, 123
Rockwell International, 96, 97, 98, 103, 129, 140
Romero, Albert Roman, 1–2
Rosen, Harold, 45, 47
Rosen, Milton, 14, 17, 22
Rosen, Sally, 21
Royal Academy of Engineering, 195
Ruiz, Jose, 1–2
Russia, 18–19, 21–22, 89–93, 178–79, 197–98
satellite(s): and Challenger disaster, 102–4; decision regarding launch of, 16–21; first U.S., 7–12, 21–24; in functioning of GPS, 79–81; international competition regarding, 178–84, 196–200; launching of, for GPS, 2; legacy of Project Vanguard and, 25–29; maintenance of, 175–76; oversaturation of, 192–93; in Persian Gulf War, 124–25; Viking rocket program and, 12–16
Satplan, 100–101
SBSS (Space Based Space Surveillance) satellite, 199–200
Scalia, Antonin, 164
Schell, Tom, 115
Schwarzkopf, H. Norman, 119
A Scientific Satellite Program, 14
SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative), 91
secor satellites, 55
Selective Availability, 122–23, 132, 137–38, 150, 152–53
sextant, 35–36
Shackleton, Ernest, 31–32
Shostak, Arnold, 50
SiRF Technology Holdings, 146–47
SiteVision GPS Grade Control, 172
SLAMs (standoff land attack missiles), 112–13, 113
SLGR “Slugger ” receiver, 121–22
Sliney, Ben, 153
smartphones, 143–48, 158–59, 168–71
SnapTrack, 147
social networking, 169, 206
solar events, 195–96
Sonnemann, Harry, 60, 61, 65–66, 69, 70, 72, 94
Sotomayor, Sonia, 164
South Korea, 91, 97, 132, 194, 199
Soviet Union. See Russia
space, 18–19, 196–97, 199
Space Based Space Surveillance satellite. See SBSS (Space Based Space Surveillance) satellite
Spacecraft Tracking and Data A
cquisition Network, 26. See also Minitrack tracking system
space race, 19, 21–22
Space Surveillance, 47, 48, 49. See also NAVSPASUR (Naval Space Surveillance System)
space vehicle number. See SVN (space vehicle number)
spoofing, 83, 122, 194–95, 200
spread-spectrum techniques, 69–70, 73, 82–84
Spring Hill meeting, 65–67
SPS (Standard Positioning Service), 132–33
Sputnik I, 19, 21–26, 43
Sputnik II, 22, 25
spy satellites, 27, 47–48, 116
Standard Positioning Service. See SPS (Standard Positioning Service)
standoff land attack missiles. See SLAMs (standoff land attack missiles)
Statler, Richard, 73
Stewart, Homer J., 16
Stewart Committee, 16–18
Strategic Defense Initiative. See SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative)
Strickland, David, 202
Sturdevant, Rick, 61
surcal, 49
SVN (space vehicle number), 79, 83
SVN 23 satellite, 195
SVN 49 satellite, 176
SVN 62 satellite, 177
synchronization. See time synchronization
Tagg, 160
Taylor, A. Hoyt, 64
technology, 2, 75–79
television, impact of, 10
TERCOM (terrain contour matching) system, 110–11
terrain contour matching system. See TERCOM (terrain contour matching) system
terrorist attacks, 150–53
Texas Instruments, 100–101
theft, 1–2, 158–59, 160
TI-4100, 100, 101
Timation Development Plan, 69, 71
time synchronization, 5, 47, 49–50, 53, 54, 71, 83–86, 174, 201
TI PPC, 101
TLAM (Tomahawk land attack missile), 114
toll systems, 201–2
Tomahawk land attack missile. See TLAM (Tomahawk land attack missile)
TomTom, 142, 168
tracking: as GPS ground application, 120, 131, 140, 144, 159–65; of satellites and space objects, 13–15, 17, 25–28, 47–50, 105, 199–200
traffic signals, management of, 203
Transit, 26, 28, 34, 42, 43, 50, 51, 58–70, 99
Tranist 1A, 43
Transit 1B, 43
Trimble Navigation, 105–6, 140–41
Trimpack GPS receiver, 105–6, 107
Tumulty, Karen, 116
2SOPS (2nd Space Operations Squadron), 21
United States v. Jones (2011), 164–65
U.S. Census Bureau, 171
USSR. See Russia
UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), 149
V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) communication, 202–3
Van Allen, James, 20
Vanguard rocket. See Project Vanguard
vehicle-miles-traveled taxes. See VMT (vehicle-miles-traveled) taxes
vehicle-to-vehicle communication. See V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) communication
Vela Program, 97–98
video eyewear, 205–6
Viking rocket program, 13–16, 23, 46–47
“Virginia Slim ” GPS receiver, 104–5
VMT (vehicle-miles-traveled) taxes, 201–2
von Braun, Wernher, 19, 20
Votaw, Martin, 8, 9, 23–24, 47
WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System), 133, 135–36, 139, 181, 182, 193, 195
Wales, William, 77–78
Walsh, J. Paul, 12, 20
weaponry, guided, 109–17
Weber, Joe, 71
Weeden, Brian, 199
Weems, Philip Van Horne, 38
Weiffenbach, George, 26, 27, 43
Whitlock, Robert, 219n19, 220n25, 220n33, 222n13
Wide Area Augmentation System. See WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System)
Wilhelm, Peter, 49, 71, 73
Williams, Don, 45
Williams, Pete, 113
Wilson, Charles H., 97
Woodford, J. B., 55, 60
Woosley, Red, 73
wristwatch phone, 161
Wyden, Ron, 165, 166
Y2K, 148–50
Y code, 83
Zakaria, Fareed, 4