Perfect Man (al-insan al-kamil) 109–10, 265–6, 303
Peroz 61
Persepolis xv, 20–1, 22, 26, 30, 172, 256; in
Marlowe 255
Persian Gulf 3, 43, 129, 135, 161, 191, 216, 231, 233; in Iran/Iraq War 273
Persian language 1, 71–72
Peter the Great (Tsar of Russia) 152, 163
Pharisees 111
Philip of Macedon 28–9
Philip the Arab 48
Phocas 67–8
Phoenicia 12, 25
Phraates 35, 36
Plato, Platonism 9, 25, 42, 52, 53, 64, 65, 84, 96, 108, 109, 138, 303
Plataea 26,
Plotinus 53
Plutarch 38
Pompey 31, 37
population xiv, 161, 169, 193, 245, 252, 280
Punjab 31, 41
Purandokht 69
Qadesiyya 76, 89
Qajars 135, 163, 170–1, 172, 178, 185–7, 189–209, 212, 223
qalandar 99, 108
qanat 51
Qanun (newspaper) 199–200
Qara Qoyunlu 121 Qarmatians 129
Qashqai tribe 217, 227
Qazvin 134, 138, 178, 192, 221, 222, 262
Qezelbash 121, 130–4, 135, 137, 142, 153
Qom 77, 129, 132, 137, 206, 247, 249, 250, 259, 261, 263, 275, 291
Qor’an 73, 74, 75, 78, 82, 85, 96, 101, 109, 113, 125
Qorrat al-Ain 192–3
Qumran scrolls 11
Rabinyan, Dorit 304
Rafsanjani see Hashemi-Rafsanjani
railways 196, 227–8
Ramadan 74, 262
Al-Rashid, Harun 86
Rashid Al-Din 117
Rashidun 76
Rastakhiz 255, 262
Ray 78, 103
razm o bazm 142, 90, 104
Razmara, Ali 239–40
Rend 95
Reuter, Baron de 197–8
Revolutionary Guard Corps 268, 269, 289
Rex Cinema (fire) 261–2
Reza Khan 213, 221–4, 225
Reza Pahlavi (son of last Shah) 227, 234, 291
Reza Qoli 160, 166, 167
Rizvi, Sajjad vii, 304
Rome, xv, 31, 37–41, 47, 48, 56, 58
Rommel, Field-Marshal Erwin 232
Rostam 39
rowzeh-khan 176
Roxana 31
Rudaki 88–89
Rum 100, 105
Rumi 106–8
Rumsfeld, Donald xiii
Russia 1, 169, 173, 179, 180–5, 191, 195, 196–9, 200, 204–5, 211–14, 215, 216, 217, 218, 221
Sabzavar 117, 260
Saddam Hussein 271, 272–3, 278
Sa’di 106
Al-Sadr, Moqtada 290
Sadr Al-Din, Shaykh 130
Safavids 121, 129–145, 150, 156, 174, 177
Saffarids 87
Safi, Shah 142
Safi, Shaykh 130
St Petersburg 173, 185
Sakae 34, 35, 39
Salamis 26
salat 74
Salman Rushdie 275
Salisbury, Lord 189, 198–9
Samanids 87–9, 91, 118
Samarkand 118–19, 139, 161
Samarra 81, 128, 249, 273, 291
Sana’i 98
San‘an, Shaykh 100
Sanei, Yousef, Grand Ayatollah 278
Sanjabi, Karim 257
Sanskrit, xv, 1, 7
Saoshyant 8–9. 129
sarbedari 117–18, 130
Sardari Qajar, Abdol-Hosein 235–6
Sardis 26, 29
Sartre 230, 244, 260
Sassanids (dynasty) 6, 44–7, 49, 51, 56, 62–9, 98, 106, 118, 120, 132, 136, Sattar Khan 211, 212
Al-Saud family 178
Saudi Arabia 292
Savad Kuh 160, 225
SAVAK 245, 247, 248, 251, 252, 255, 259, 260, 262, 267, 270
School of Isfahan 138
Schuster, Morgan 213–14, 227
Scythia, Scythians 5, 15
Seleuceia 33, 35–6, 43
Seleucus I Nicator 31
Seleucids 18, 33, 35, 36
Seljuks 91–3, 98, 103, 105
Sennacherib 12
Sepah-e Pasdaran see Revolutionary Guard
Corps Severus 44
seyyed 206
Seyyed Ali Mohammad 192
Sha’ban the Brainless 242
Shabestari (poet) 110
Shabestari, Mohammad Mojtahed 278
Shahabadi, Mirza Mohammad Ali 250
Shah Abd ol-Azim, shrine of 196, 202, 205, 210
Shahab III missile 286
Shahin 68
Shahnameh 39, 72, 88–90, 256
Shahrokh (son of Timur) 121
Shahrokh (grandson of Nader Shah) 161, 168, 173–4
Shahrvaraz 68, 69
Shakespeare 90, 315
Shams-e Tabrizi 107
Shapur I 48, 51, 52–3, 56, 57
Shapur II 57–9
Shapur III 59
shari‘a 208
Shariati, Ali 259–60, 258–9, 269
Shari‘atmadari, Ayatollah Seyyed Kazem 261, 269
Shatt al-Arab 272
Shaykhism 191, 202
Shi‘ism, xiv-xv, 123–9, 131–2, 138, 139–141, 145, 170, 174, 175, 177, 238, 260, 276, 278, 290–91
Shiraz xv, 112, 138, 165, 170, 171–2, 190, 192, 213, 283
Shirazi, Hajji Mirza Hasan 200, 202
Shirin 67, 72
Shirvan 149, 151, 183, 187
Shushtar 45, 48
Sicily 25, Silk Route 35, 51, 83, 120
Simko/Simitqu 267
Sind 106
simorgh 100
Sistan 35, 39, 87
Al-Sistani, Ayatollah 290
Smyth, Lt Col 221
Sogdia, Sogdians xvi, 4, 78
Sohrab 72
Sohravardi 96, 138, 275
Soleiman, Shah 142–148
Soltanabad 249
Soltaniyeh 106
Sonbad the Magian 86
Soroush, Abdolkarim 276
South Persia Rifles 218
soyurgal 120
spahbod 63, 66
Sparta, Spartans 26, 29
Spartacus 37
Spenta Mainyu 7
Stalin 228, 290
Statira 31
Stenka Razin 143
Sufism 96–8, 99, 100, 112, 107, 129, 130–1, 138, 177
Sulla 35
Sumer, Sumerians 2, 13, 14
sunna 76
Sunni Islam 79–80, 85–6, 97–8, 119, 125–128, 131, 133, 149, 157, 174–5, 177, 290–1
Suren 36, 38, 39, 41
Susa, xv, 2, 13, 21, 25
Swedish gendarmerie 212, 217
Syria 33, 37, 38, 39, 44, 47, 51, 56, 58, 66, 73, 76, 219, 232, 268
Tabarestan 77
Al-Tabari 62, 84
Tabataba’i, Seyyed Mohammad 205, 206, 208, 210, 211
Tabataba’i, Seyyed Zia 222, 236
Tabriz 105, 107, 117, 121, 133–4, 152, 183, 190, 192, 200, 203, 205, 210, 211, 212, 238, 261
Taherids 87, 88
Tahmasp I, Shah 134, 142
Tahmasp II, Shah 153, 154, 155, 156, 147, 160
Tajikistan, xvi, Taleqani, Ayatollah 259
Taliban 288, 293
Talmud 11,
taqiyeh 127, 128
Taqizadeh, Seyyed Hasan 210, 211, 212, 229
Taylor Prism 12–13,
ta’zieh 175, 176
Tbilisi 173
Tehran, xiv, 4, 171, 173, 180, 181, 182, 184, 195, 196, 200, 203, 205, 206, 207, 211, 212, 213, 214, 216, 217, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 234, 235, 237, 238, 242, 243, 246, 247, 248, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 259, 260, 262, 263, 265, 274, 280, 288, 289
Tepe Sialk 2,
Teymurtash, court minister 229, 231
Thaïs 30
Theodosius 59
Thermopylae 26, 29
Thrace 24, 26, 29
Tigris 5, 13, 33, 36, 43, 142
Timur 113, 118, 119, 121, 130, 161
Tolstoy 181, 184
Tomyris, Queen 15, Torah 10, Trajan 43, 44
Transoxiana 59, 80, 82, 83, 103, 104, 118
Trench, Battle of 74 tribes, importance of 3–4, 34, 91, 119, 129–130, 135–6, 162, 169–170, 185, 212, 222, 227
Triple Entente 215, 216
Tsitsianov 181
Tudeh party 233, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 251, 258, 259, 267, 272
Turkey vii, 29, 58, 138, 141, 219, 223, 226, 228, 230, 231, 248, 268
Turks, Turkmen, xiv, 65, 66, 69, 80, 90, 91, 93, 97, 101, 106, 121, 130, 133, 152, 155, 171, 173, 222
Tus 71, 97, 104, 147
Tusi, Daqiqi 89
tuyul 135
ulema 85–6, 96, 97, 107, 119, 120, 133, 134, 137, 138, 139, 140, 144, 145, 174, 175, 177, 190, 191, 192, 200, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 220, 223, 228, 231, 238, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 250, 258, 259, 261, 262, 266, 268, 269, 275, 278, 279, 282
umma 74, 76
Umayyad dynasty 79, 80, 81, 83, 124, 126, 127, 133
United States 24, 213, 219, 257, 270, 284, 287
US Embassy hostage crisis 270–71
USS Vincennes 273
Urdu, xvi, 106, 139
Usulis 174
Uthman 79
Uzbeks 132, 134, 135
Valerian 48, 49, 56
Valkyries 9
Vatatzes, Basile 154, 155
velayat-e faqih 258–9, 269, 276, 277, 278, 282, 290
Ventidius 39
Verus 44
Vistaspa 6
Vologases I (Valkash) 41, 42, 43, 44
Vologases III 43
Vologases IV 44
women, status of xiv, 15, 62, 75, 86, 148, 149, 158, 162, 184, 193–194, 208, 254–5, 257, 270, 281–2, 293
Wu Ti (Chinese Emperor) 35
Xerxes I (Khashayarsha) 25, 26
Yarmuk 76
Yazdegerd I 59
Yazdegerd II 61
Yazdegerd III 69, 76
Yazd 151, 204
Yazdi, Ebrahim 258, 272
Yazdi, Mesbah, Ayatollah 311
Yazdi, Seyyed Mohammad Kazem 211
Yazid 123, 124, 126, 132, 248, 261
Yerevan 156, 165, 181, 183, 184
Yermolov 183
Yomut Turkmen 171
Young Ottomans 207
Yushij, Nima 230
Zagros (mountains) 2, 3, 4
Zahedi, General 241, 242, 245
zakat 74
Zand (tribe, dynasty) 167, 170, 171, 187
Zanjan 192
Zenobia 56
Zeus 7,
Zohab, Treaty of 141
Zoroaster (Zardosht, Zarathustra) 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14
Zoroastrians 4, 15, 60, 66, 77, 86, 95, 133, 140, 144, 153, 210, 284
zur-khaneh 176
Zurvan, Zurvanism 9, 52, 58
Wassmuss, Wilhelm 218
Wahhabis 97, 177, 178
Wellington, Lord 165
White Revolution 244, 247, 259, 276
Wilson, Woodrow 219
Wolfowitz, Paul 291
∗ Saberi; p. 254; translation Axworthy/Ahmadzadeh.
∗ Arberry 1949 p.117; translation Axworthy/Lewisohn.