The author has made strenuous attempts to find the present copyright holders, heirs and assigns for extracts, and to obtain written permission. The author apologises for any inadvertent oversights in this respect. Although the appropriate citation should identify the probable owner, any copyright owner who is affected should immediately contact the publishers who will correct the matter in any future editions.
AUTHOR’S NOTE
Quotations: Although extracts used in this book are reproduced as originally written, I have very occasionally felt it necessary to add a comma or some other form of punctuation in order to make the sense more easily understood.
INDEX
Abercorn, Duke of
Abingdon, 7th Earl of
Agadir crisis (1911)
Agnelli, Gianni
Alba, Duke of
Albert, Prince†
Alexander III, Tsar of Russia
Aliens Bill (1904)
Althorp (family seat of the Spencers)
Amery, Leo
Anglo-Dutch War, Third
Anglo-German Naval Agreement (1935)
Anne, Queen
Anschluss (spring 1938)
Apsley House (London)
Aquitaine, Eleanor of†
Arbuthnot, Harriet
Argyll, Duchess of, divorce case (1963)
Ariadne, HMS
Ascot races*
Ashe House (near Axminster)
Ashley, Edwina†
Asquith, Herbert Henry†; Dardanelles campaign (1915) and; Venetia Stanley and*
Asquith, Katherine
Asquith, Margot
Asquith, Violet
Astor, Lady*
Astor, Mrs William Backhouse
Atkins, J.B.
Attlee, Clement
Audley, Henry, Baron
aviation; WSC and; significance of in WW2
Aylesford, Edith, Lady
Aylesford, Guy Bertrand
Aylesford, Lord
Baden-Powell, Colonel Robert
Bailey, John
Baldwin, Stanley
Balfour, Arthur*; Balfour Declaration (1917)
Balsan, Jacques; marriage to Consuelo (4 July, 1921); escape from France; death of (1956)
Barnes, Reggie
Barrie, Sir James
Barrymore, Ethel
Baruch, Bernard
Battenberg, Prince Louis of
Battle of Britain (1940)
Beaton, Cecil
Beatty, Lord
Beauchamp, Antony
Beaverbrook, Lord (Max Aitken)*; Clementine’s dislike of; Riviera villa of†; women and*; Randolph as reporter for; Second World War and; Pamela Churchill’s appeal to (1941); death of (June 1963)
Beech, Winifred
Beit, Sir Alfred
Bell, Gertrude
Belmont, Oliver
Beresford, Lord Charles*
Beresford, Lord William
Betjeman, John
Bevan, Natalie
Bismarck, Otto von
Black Friday (1868)
Blagdon estate (Northumberland)
Blandford, Albertha Frances Ann, Marchioness of (‘Goosie’); marriage to Blandford (1869); divorce of Blandford; Consuelo and
Blandford, Marquess of*
Blandford, William, Marquess of (died 1731)
Blenheim, battle of (1704)
Blenheim Palace: construction of; Sarah, 1st Duchess and; Sunderland Library; Chippendale furniture; great lake; bankruptcy and disrepair (1840s); running/upkeep costs; recovery under 7th Duke; Jennie Churchill at; birth of WSC at; WSC and; ‘The Blenheim Settled Estates Act’ Blandford’s sale of treasures; Duchess Lily and; ‘Sunny’ and; Consuelo’s first visit (1895); Consuelo’s life at; Gladys Deacon at; Clementine at; WSC’s honeymoon at; water gardens; damage caused by Gladys; 10th Duke and; Consuelo’s returns to (from 1934); Lady Sarah’s coming of age party (July 1939); during Second World War*; opened to public by 10th Duke; as World Heritage site
Blenheim papers at British Library
Blenheim spaniels
Blériot, Louis
Blum, Léon
Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen
Boer War (1899-1902)
Boldini, Giovanni
Boothby, Bob
Botha, Helen
Botha, Louis (Boer commander)
Bowles, Thomas Gibson
Brabazon, Colonel J.P.*
Bracken, Brendan; Clementine’s dislike of; on WSC; Randolph’s jealousy of; 1945 election and; WSC’s health and; death of (8 August 1958); Moran’s book and
Bright, John
British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
British Union of Fascists (BUF)*
Broughton, Vera
Brown, Capability
Buckle, George Earl
Buller, Sir Redvers
Burley-on-the-Hill House (near Oakham), fire at
Burmese coup (1885)
Butler, Rab
Buzzard, Dr Thomas
Cairns, Earl
Callaghan, Jim
Callas, Maria
Cambridge, Duke of
Camden, Lady Clementine
Campbell, Lady Colin
Campbell, Mrs Patrick
Campbell-Bannerman, Henry
Camrose, Lord
Canada*
Carden, Vice-Admiral
Carlton Club
Cassel, Sir Ernest†
Castle Howard
Castlereagh, Charles, Viscount*
Catherine of Braganza, Queen
Catholicism*, †; 7th Duke’s fear of; of ‘Goonie’ voters of Manchester and; Consuelo’s relationship with Jacques and; Sunny’s conversion to
Cavalier Parliament
Cavan, Lord
Cavendish, Billy (Marquess of Hartington)
Cecil, Lord Hugh R.
Chamberlain, Joseph
Chamberlain, Neville*; Munich Agreement (September 1938)
Chanel, Coco
Channel Isles
Channon, Sir Henry ‘Chips’
Chaplin, Charlie
Chapman, Nonie
Charles II, King*
Charteris, Laura
Chartwell Literary Trust
Chartwell Manor; renovations at; family life at; regular visitors to; WSC considers selling; cottage built in orchard‡; during Second World War; trust fund established (1946); purchase of farms; Mary and Christopher Soames run farm; WSC recuperates at (1953); sale of farms; Golden Rose Walk; handed to National Trust (1965)
Château de l’Horizon (Côte d’Azur)
Chaucer, Geoffrey†
Chequers (house)†; WSC at
Chiang Kai-shek
Christina (Onassis yacht)
Churchill (town in Manitoba)
Churchill (village in Somerset)
Churchill, Arabella
Churchill, Arabella (sister of 1st Duke)
Churchill, Charles (brother of 1st Duke)*
Churchill, Clementine (née Hozier); meets WSC (1904); family background; identity of natural father; death of sister Kitty; financial matters and; meets WSC again (1908); friendship with WSC prior to marriage; at Blenheim Palace; engagement to WSC; love letters to WSC; marriage (12 September 1908); happiness of marriage; first pregnancy; relationship with mother-inlaw; temperament of; birth of first child Diana (11 July 1909); views on suffragettes; electioneering by; birth of second child Randolph (1911); miscarriage (1913); pregnancy (1914); on WSC’s flying lessons; views on Lloyd George; Great War and; dislike of Amy Guest; birth of daughter Sarah (7 October 1914); on Nellie’s marriage; at Jennie’s third wedding; pregnancy (1918); birth of fourth child Marigold (15 November 1918); death of grandmother Blanche (1921); suicide of brother Bill (April 1921); Chartwell Manor and; tennis talent; death of Marigold and; pregnancy (1922); birth of daughter Mary (15 September 1922); dislike of Beaverbrook; dislike of Bracken; relationship with son Rand
olph; upbringing of children and; on Hitler and; daughter Diana and; cruise in Dutch East Indies (Christmas 1934); attachment to Terence Philip; ill health (1938); Caribbean cruise (winter 1938–9); war work in WW 2; death of brother-in-law Bertram (May 1940) and; on WSC’s overbearing manner as wartime PM; Lady Redesdale’s appeal to (1940); sense of inadequacy; death of Goonie (1941) and; WSC’s health and; chair of Red Cross Aid to Russia Fund; visit to Russia (1945); 1945 election and; impact on of 1945 election defeat; made Dame Grand Cross of the British Empire (1946); dislike of Antony Beauchamp; chair of Chartwell Literary Trust; June Osborne and; ill health (1950s-60s); energies devoted to WSC; WSC’s behaviour in later years and; WSC’s Riviera villa plan and; disposal of Sutherland portrait; Sarah’s arrest and (1958); Golden Wedding celebrations; visits La Pausa (1958); Caribbean cruises with Onassis; dislike of Riviera; nervous breakdown (1963); dislike of Duncan Sandys; WSC’s death and funeral; life after WSC’s death; outrage over Moran’s book; made life peer (May 1965); death of (12 December 1977)
Churchill, Diana (later Sandys); birth of (11 July 1909); suffers from depression; learns French in Paris; marriage to John Bailey (12 December 1932); at Royal Academy of Dramatic Art; relationship with mother; failure of first marriage; marriage to Duncan Sandys (16 September 1935); first pregnancy; birth of son Julian (19 September 1936); birth of daughter Edwina (29 December 1938); Second World War service; helps after 1945 election defeat; marriage problems with Sandys; nervous breakdown (1953); attends Gil Winant’s funeral; matron of honour at Sarah’s wedding (26 April 1962); helps Sarah over Henry’s death; suicide of (19 October 1963); divorce from Sandys; Argyll divorce case and
Churchill, Gwendeline (née Bertie, Jack’s wife, ‘Goonie’); Catholicism of; marriage to Jack (7 August 1908); birth of son John George; birth of second son Peregrine; at Cromer; financial problems; Great War and; 41 Cromwell Road residence; birth of daughter Clarissa; as confidante of Clementine; ill health; death of (1941)
Churchill, Jennie (née Jerome): number of lovers; Native American inheritance; Prince of Wales and; Reminiscences of Lady Randolph Churchill (memoir)*; intelligence and education of; life in Paris (from 1867); musical ability; appearance and physique; ‘out’ in Society (1873); presented to Prince of Wales; meets Lord Randolph†; clothing and fashion; betrothal to Lord Randolph; wedding (15 April 1874); at Blenheim Palace; presentation at court; London season and; pregnant with WSC; birth of son WSC; as hostess; Lord Randolph’s political career and; Blandford and; family quarrel over Blandford’s ring; in ‘Marlborough House set’ Aylesford scandal and; exile in Ireland; birth of second child (4 February 1880); style of motherhood; WSC on; return to London (1880); WSC’s schooling and; relationship with mother-in-law; cooling of relationship with Lord Randolph; love affairs in Ireland; contraction of typhoid; relationship with Count Kinsky; Woodstock by-election and; marriage difficulties (late 1886); extravagance; Lord Randolph’s health and; Duchess Lily and; relationship with Freddy Wolverton; widowhood; relationship with Bourke Cockran; greets Consuelo from boat train (1896); Conservative politics; financial problems; 35 a Great Cumberland Place residence; relationship with Caryl Ramsden; love affair with George Cornwallis-West; Prince of Wales’ reaction to affair with Cornwallis; Pamela Plowden and; organises Boer War hospital ship; dislike of Lady Sarah Wilson; marriage to George Cornwallis-West (28 July 1900); WSC’s political career and; Hozier family and; Salisbury Hall residence (near St Albans); Sunny/Consuelo break up and; WSC’s wedding and; second marriage difficulties; His Borrowed Plumes (play); house refurbishment work and; death of Edward VII and; divorce from George Cornwallis-West (1914); Great War fund-raising/charity work; 72 Brook Street residence; relationship with Montague Porch; marriage to Montague Porch (1 June 1918); death of (29 June 1921)
Churchill, John Strange (Jack); parentage of; WSC’s love for; childhood of; desire to go to Oxford; involvement in Boer War; Salisbury Hall as ‘second home’ financial career; relationship with Gwendeline Bertie; marriage to Gwendeline Bertie (7 August 1908); birth of son John George; birth of second son Peregrine; Lord Randolph’s will and; relationship with mother; Great War military service; mother’s death and; birth of daughter Clarissa; holiday in Italy (1927); trip to USA and Canada (1929); Second World War and; suffers heart attack (1945); death of (1947)
Churchill, Lady Anne (Countess of Sunderland, 1683–1716)
Churchill, Lord Randolph: cause of death; birth of (1849); education of; character of; lifestyle; in ‘Marlborough House set’ meets Jennie Jerome†; appearance and physique; betrothal; political career; speeches and oratory; financial problems; wedding (15 April 1874); Jenny’s arrival at Blenheim; 48 Charles Street residence; maiden speech to House of Commons; birth of son WSC; family quarrel over Blandford’s ring; ill health; Blandford’s elopement and; Aylesford scandal and; boycotted by Prince of Wales; exile in Ireland; birth of son Jack; as distant father; 29 St James’s Place residence; ‘the Fourth Party’ and; WSC’s schooling and; emotional coldness; sex life; venereal disease and; Blandford’s divorce and; tries to prevent sale of Blenheim treasures; 2 Connaught Place residence; rapprochement with Prince of Wales; trip to India (1884-5); enters Cabinet; retains Woodstock in by-election (1885); contests Birmingham in November 1885 election; as member for South Paddington; WSC’s illness (March 1886) and; as Chancellor of the Exchequer; erratic behaviour (from October 1886); leaves government; divorce rumours (December 1886); holiday in North Africa (1887); on Duchess Lily; death of Blandford and; WSC’s biography of; hypercritical of WSC; ‘round-the-world fact-finding trip’ (1894); death of (24 January 1895); will of; WSC uses desk of
Churchill, Marigold; death of (23 August 1921)
Churchill, Mary (daughter of Jack)
Churchill, Pamela (née Digby, later Harriman): background of; meets and marries Randolph; biographies of; WSC and; pregnancy (1940); birth of son ‘young Winston’ (1940); life during Second World War; appeal to Beaverbrook (1941); breakdown of marriage to Randolph; love affair with Averell Harriman; Americanisation of; runs Churchill Club; lovers during last two years of war; love affair with Ed Murrow; divorce from Randolph (December 1945); absence from home in post-war period; affair with Prince Aly Khan; death of ‘Kick’ Kennedy and; relationship with Gianni Agnelli; annulment of marriage to Randolph; affair with a Rothschild; marriage to Leland Hayward; Democratic Party and; marriage to Averell Harriman (1971); death of (February 1997); US Ambassador to France
Churchill, Randolph (son of Winston): Evelyn Waugh and see Waugh, Evelyn; on his father; birth of (1911); education; sexual abuse incident at school; Twenty- One Years; childhood of; arrogance of; father’s indulgence of; trip to Italy (1927); as WSC’s favourite; extinguishes Christmas tree fire (1927); crush on Diana Mitford; at Oxford; campaigns in 1929 election; trip to USA and Canada (1929); loses virginity; lecture tour of USA (1930-1); relationship with mother; financial matters and; in love with Kay Halle; woman and; matinée idol looks; coming-of-age dinner (1930); journalism and; relationship with father; warnings on Nazi Germany; behaves gallantly in Venice (1932); Hanfstaengl and; in love with Clementine Mitford; rude/obnoxious behaviour; political ambitions; ill health; jealousy of Sandys; follows sister Sarah to New York (1936); alcohol and*; Second World War service; meets and marries Pamela Digby; love for Laura Charteris; jealousy of Bracken; becomes MP for Preston (1940); birth of son ‘young Winston’ (1940); gambling and; breakdown of marriage to Pamela; unpopularity of in regiment; at Tehran conference (November 1943); Sarah notes improvement in behaviour; injured in plane crash (July 1944); divorce from Pamela (December 1945); loses Preston in 1945 election; Chartwell not inherited by; jealous of Eden; Noël Coward on; asks Pamela for second chance (May 1948); annulment of marriage to Pamela; marriage to June Osborne (2 November 1948); plan for Trust to purchase house for; birth of daughter Arabella (1949); Catherine Place residence; marriage difficulties with June; seriously wounded in Korea (1950); contests Devonport in February 1950 election; desire to write biography of
father; Gold Staff Officer at 1953 coronation; speeches attacking Rothermere (1953); disarms Diana (1953); lives in Oving House (1953); writes biography of Lord Derby; Trust purchases Stour House for; character of; jealousy of Soames; June Osborne leaves for good (1954); review of The Glitter and the Gold (1953); aids Sarah in Malibu (1958); June Osborne divorces (1958); in love with Natalie Bevan; improvement in behaviour (from 1958); Golden Wedding gifts from; The Rise and Fall of Sir Anthony Eden; Sarah’s marriage to Henry and; writes biography of father; at WSC’s ninetieth birthday party; WSC’s final illness and death and; death of (7 June 1968)
Churchill, Sarah (1st Duchess of Marlborough) see Marlborough, Sarah, 1st Duchess of (née Jennings)
Churchill, Sarah (daughter of Winston, later Oliver): birth of (7 October 1914); childhood of; education; learns French in Paris; as debutante; dancing/acting career; electioneering by; in love with Vic Oliver; marriage to Vic Oliver (24 December 1936); provided with flat in Westminster Gardens; questions Diana Mosley on Hitler; breakdown of marriage to Vic Oliver; Second World War service; at Tehran conference (November 1943); on improvement in Randolph’s demeanour; John Winant and; as favourite daughter; 1945 election and; holiday at the Italian Lakes (August 1945); illness in Rome (1946); marriage to Antony Beauchamp (1949); on WSC’s stroke (June 1953); ill health as child; breakdown of marriage to Beauchamp; on WSC’s Riviera villa plan; arrests for drunkenness (1958-60); suicide of Beauchamp (1957) and; visits La Pausa (February 1958); drying-out sessions (from 1958); marriage to Henry, Baron Audley (26 April 1962); at WSC’s bedside (June 1962); death of husband Henry (July 1963); WSC’s final illness and death and; death of (1982)
Churchill, Winston (father of 1st Duke)
Churchill, Winston Spencer (WSC) CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITIES: impatience; leadership style; sense of destiny; as ‘the greatest Briton’ arrogance and bombast; literary ability; heritage; oratorical style; self-education process; J.B. Atkins on; appearance and physique; lisp; Violet and H.H. Asquith on; ambition; as champion of minority groups; emotional naivety; views on war; parenting style; method of literary composition; attitude to children; treatment of subordinates; feelings about Hitler*; hatred of winter cold; dislike of Antony Beauchamp; grief at death of George VI; loyalty to sovereign; bad temper in later years; dreads thought of retirement (1954-5); attitude to homosexuality