48 Sarah Churchill: Keep on Dancing, p. 316.
27
1 John Colville: The Churchillians, p. 26.
2 Artemis Cooper, Mr Wu and Mrs Stitch, pp. 306–7.
3 MS: Speaking for Themselves, p. 647.
4 MS: Clementine, p. 694.
5 Ibid., p. 698.
6 Ibid., p. 701.
7 John Colville: The Churchillians, p. 19.
8 Lord Moran, letter to The Times, 25 April 1966.
9 Charlotte Mosley: The Mitfords: Letters between Six Sisters, p. 462.
10 AL: Cousin Randolph, p. 203.
11 MS: Clementine, p. 736.
APPENDIX 1
1 John Pearson: Citadel of the Heart, p. 433.
APPENDIX 2
1 Celia and John Lee: Winston and Jack: The Churchill Brothers. See Bibliography.
2 CVI/i, p. 536.
3 Ibid., pp. 542–3.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
All books published in the UK unless otherwise noted.
Arbuthnot, Harriet: The Journal of Mrs Arbuthnot 1820–1832 (Macmillan) 1951
Asquith, Cynthia: Remember and Be Glad (Scribner, New York) 1952
Atkins, J.B.: Incidents and Reflections (Unwin) 1921
Balsan, Consuelo: The Glitter and the Gold (Heinemann) 1953
Baruch, Bernard: A Birthday Letter in Tribute to Winston S. Churchill (Cassell) 1954
Beaverbrook, Max: Politicians and the War (Thornton Butterworth) 1928
Bedell Smith, Sally: Reflected Glory (Touchstone, New York) 1997
Birkenhead, Earl of: Churchill (Harrap) 1989
Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen: My Diaries 1900–1914 (Alfred A. Knopf, New York) 2 vols 1921
Bonham Carter, Violet: Winston Churchill as I Knew Him (Eyre & Spottiswoode) 1965
Boothby, Robert: Recollections of a Rebel (Hutchinson) 1978
Channon, H. Chips: The Diaries of Sir Henry Channon (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 1967
Churchill, Jennie see Cornwallis-West, Mrs
Churchill, John S.: A Churchill Canvas (Little, Brown, Boston), 1961
Churchill, Minnie (with David Coombs): Sir Winston Churchill’s Life through His Paintings (Chaucer Press) 2003
Churchill, Peregrine, and Julian Mitchell: Jennie, Lady Randolph Churchill (Collins) 1974
Churchill, Randolph S.: Twenty-One Years (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 1964
——Winston S. Churchill: Youth (Heinemann) 1966
——Winston S. Churchill: Young Statesman (Heinemann) 1967
Churchill, Sarah: Keep on Dancing (Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, New York) 1981
Churchill, [Sir] Winston S.: My African Journey (Hodder & Stoughton) 1908
——The World Crisis (Penguin) 2 vols 1931
——Marlborough: His Life and Times (Harrap) 4 vols 1933–8
——My Early Life (Macmillan) 1944
——The Second World War: The Gathering Storm (Cassell) 1948
——The Second World War: Their Finest Hour (Cassell) 1949
——The Second World War: The Grand Alliance (Cassell) 1950
——The Second World War: The Hinge of Fate (Cassell) 1951
——The Second World War: Triumph and Tragedy (Cassell) 1954
——The Second World War: Closing the Ring (Cassell) 1956
——Thoughts and Adventures (Muller, Delaware) 2009
——and C.C. Martindale: Charles, IXth Duke of Marlborough: Tributes (Burnes, Oates & Washbourne) 1934
Churchill [the younger], Winston Spencer: Memories and Adventures (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 1989
——His Father’s Son: The Life of Randolph S. Churchill (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 1996
Colville, John: Footprints in Time (Michael Russell) 1976
——The Churchillians (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 1981
——Fringes of Power (Sceptre) 2 vols 1987
Cooper, Artemis: Mr Wu and Mrs Stitch: The Letters of Evelyn Waugh and Diana Cooper (Hodder & Stoughton) 1991
Cornwallis-West, George: Edwardian Hey-days (EP Publishing) 1975
Cornwallis-West, Mrs: Reminiscences of Lady Randolph Churchill (Edward Arnold) 1908
Cowles, Virginia: Looking for Trouble (Hamish Hamilton) 1941
Culme-Seymour, Angela: The Bolter’s Granddaughter (Writersworld) 2001
Day, Barry: The Letters of Noël Coward (Methuen Drama) 2007
Devonshire, Deborah, Duchess of: Home to Roost (John Murray) 2009
Eden, Clarissa (ed. Cate Haste): A Memoir (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 2007
Fielding, Daphne: The Face on the Sphinx (Hamish Hamilton) 1978
Forbes, Lady Angela: Memories and Base Details (Hutchinson) 1921
Fortescue, Lady: There’s Rosemary (Blackwoods) 1939
Foster, R.F.: Lord Randolph Churchill (Oxford, Clarendon Press) 1981
Friedman, B.H.: Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney: A Biography (Doubleday, New York) 1978
Gilbert, Martin: Winston S. Churchill: The Challenge of War (Heinemann) 1971
——Winston S. Churchill: The Prophet of Truth (Minerva) 1976
——Winston S. Churchill: The Wilderness Years (Macmillan) 1981
——Winston S. Churchill: Never Despair (Macmillan) 1988
Gladwyn, Cynthia: Diaries (Constable) 1995
Green, David: Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough (Heron Books) 1967
Hanfstaengl, Ernst: Hitler: The Missing Years (Arcade, New York) 1994
Hibbert, Christopher: The Marlboroughs (Penguin) 2002
Hochberg, Maria Theresa von: Daisy, Princess of Pless (John Murray) 1937
Howard, Peter: Beaverbrook (Hutchinson) 1964
Kehoe, Elisabeth: Fortune’s Daughters (Atlantic Books) 2005
Lee, Celia and John: Winston and Jack: The Churchill Brothers (privately published) 2007
Leslie, Anita: The Fabulous Leonard Jerome (Hutchinson) 1954
——Jennie (Hutchinson) 1969
——Edwardians in Love (Hutchinson) 1972
——The Gilt and the Gingerbread (Hutchinson) 1981
——Cousin Randolph (Hutchinson) 1985
Leslie, Seymour: The Jerome Connection (John Murray) 1964
Lovell, Mary S.: Amelia Earhart – The Sound of Wings (Hutchinson) 1989
——The Mitford Girls (Little, Brown) 2002
Manchester, William: The Caged Lion (Michael Joseph) 1988
——The Last Lion (Laurel) 1989
Manley, Mrs de la Riviere: Secret Memoirs (New Atlantis) vol. ii 1709
Marsh, Edward: A Number of People: A Book of Reminiscences (Harper & Brothers, New York) 1939
Martin, Ralph: Lady Randolph Churchill (Cassell) 1969
Montague Browne, Anthony: The Long Sunset (Cassell) 1995
Moran, Lord: Winston Churchill: The Struggle for Survival (Constable) 1966
Mosley, Charlotte: Love from Nancy: The Letters of Nancy Mitford (Sceptre) 1993
——The Mitfords: Letters between Six Sisters (Fourth Estate) 2007
National Trust: Chartwell 1992
Norwich, John Julius: The Duff Cooper Diaries (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 2005
Ogden, Christopher: Life of the Party (Little, Brown) 1994
Payn, Graham and Sheridan Morley: The Noël Coward Diaries (Macmillan) 1982
Pearson, John: Citadel of the Heart (Macmillan) 1991
Pless, Princess Daisy of: My Private Diary (John Murray) 1931
Pringle, Henry: Theodore Roosevelt (Jonathan Cape) 1932
Roosevelt, Elliott and James Brough: The Roosevelts of Hyde Park: An Untold Story (W. H. Allen) 1974
Rosen, Andrew: Rise Up, Women! (Routledge & Kegan Paul) 1974
Rowse, A. L.: The Later Churchills (Macmillan) 1958
Sebba, Anne: American Jennie (W.W. Norton, New York) 2007
Soames, Mary: Clementine Churchill (Penguin) 1981
——A Churchill Family Album
(Penguin) 1985
——Speaking for Themselves (Doubleday) 1998
Spencer Churchill, Henrietta: Blenheim and the Churchill Family (Cico Books) 2005
Stuart, Amanda Mackenzie: Consuelo and Alva (HarperCollins) 2005
Thompson, George Malcolm: The First Churchill (Secker & Warburg) 1979
Thompson, W.H.: I Was Churchill’s Shadow (Christopher Johnson) 1951
Trollope, Anthony: Phineas Finn (Panther) 1968
Vickers, Hugo: Gladys, Duchess of Marlborough (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 1979
——Cecil Beaton (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 1985
Waugh, Evelyn: Diaries (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 1976
——Letters (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 1980
Wilson, D.A: Dark and Light: The Story of the Guinness Family (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 1998
Wilson, Lady Sarah: South African Memories (Edward Arnold) 1909
Winterton, Earl: Churchill the Parliamentarian: Churchill by His Contemporaries (Hutchinson) 1955
Woolf, Virginia: Biography of Roger Fry (Harcourt Brace, New York) 1940
OTHER BOOKS READ DURING RESEARCH
Bardens, Dennis: Portrait of a Statesman (Frederick Muller) 1955
Barrow, Andrew: Gossip: A History of High Society 1920–1970 (Hamish 1978
Beaverbrook, Lord: Men and Power (Hutchinson) 1916
Boothby, Robert: I Fight to Live (Victor Gollancz) 1947
Collier, Peter and David Horowitz: The Kennedys (Secker & Warburg) 1984
Cooper, Diana: The Rainbow Comes and Goes (Rupert Hart-Davis) 1958
——The Light of Common Day (Rupert Hart-Davis) 1959
Eade, Charles (ed.): Churchill by His Contemporaries (Reprint Society) 1953
Eden, Anthony: Memoirs (Cassell) 2 vols 1960–5
Enright, Dominique (ed.): The Wicked Wit of Winston Churchill (Michael O’Mara Books) 2001
Farrer, David: G for God Almighty (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 1969
Fisher, Clive: Noël Coward (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) 1992
Fowler, Marian: Blenheim (Penguin) 1989
Green, David: Sarah Duchess of Marlborough (Heron Books) 1967
Halle, Kay: Randolph Churchill: The Young Unpretender (Heinemann) 1971
Hardwick, Joan: Clementine Churchill (John Murray) 1997
Hough, Richard: Winston and Clementine (Bantam) 1990
Howarth, Patrick: When the Riviera Was Ours (Century) 1988
James, Robert R.: Bob Boothby (Hodder & Stoughton) 1991
Kishlansky, Mark: A Monarchy Transformed (Allen Lane) 1996
Lash, Joseph P.: Eleanor and Franklin (New American Library, New York) 1973
——Roosevelt and Churchill (W.W. Norton, New York) 1976
MacColl, Gail and Carol McD. Wallace: To Marry an English Lord (Sidgwick & Jackson) 1980
Marchant, Sir James (ed.): Winston S. Churchill: Servant of Crown and Commonwealth (Cassell) 1954
Miles, Alice C.: Every Girl’s Duty (André Deutsch) 1992
Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh: Great British Families (Michael Joseph) 1988
Moorehead, Alan: Gallipoli (Hamish Hamilton) 1956
Morgan, Janet: Edwina Mountbatten (HarperCollins) 1991
Redesdale, Lord: Memories (Hutchinson) 2 vols 1915
Spencer, Charles: The Spencer Family (Penguin) 1999
Sykes, Christopher: Nancy (William Collins) 1972
Taylor, A.J.P.: Beaverbrook (Hamish Hamilton) 1972
Thomson, George M.: The First Churchill (Secker & Warburg) 1979
Trevor-Roper, Hugh: The Last Days of Hitler (Pan) 1947
Wrigley, Chris: Winston Churchill: A Biographical Companion (ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, Calif.) 2002
Young, Kenneth: Churchill and Beaverbrook (Eyre & Spottiswoode) 1966
Ziegler, Philip: Diana Cooper (Alfred Knopf, New York) 1982
——Mountbatten (Book Club Associates) 1985
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am lastingly indebted to the following, who made time to provide me with information that could not be found in books or papers: Clarissa, Countess of Avon; Simon Bird; Judith Brown (of Adelaide, Australia); Julia Budworth; Winston S. Churchill Esq. (‘young Winston’, d. 2010); Mark Culme-Seymour; Deborah, Dowager Duchess of Devonshire; Edward, Lord Digby; Dione, Lady Digby; the late Robert Ducas*; Mrs Kathleen Dunn, governess to young Winston; the late Diana Guest*; Julian Guest; the late Lord Hankey*; the Hon. Jacquetta James; Richard (‘Tarka’) King; the late Diana, Lady Mosley*; Charlotte Mosley; Lady Mary Soames; C.H.B. Watts; Emeritus Professor Trevor Wilson; Lord Wimborne.
I should like to thank the archivist and staff at the Churchill Archives Centre, Churchill College, Cambridge, for their help, especially Sandra Marsh, Daisy Davies, Madelin Terrazas, Bridget Warrington and Caroline Herbert; the counter staff at Western Manuscripts, Bodleian Library, Oxford; and Anne Hammond and the staff at Rosetta Cottage, Cowes.
While researching for earlier books I interviewed a number of people, now dead, who provided me with information that has proved relevant to this book on the Churchill family. These sources of information are marked above with an asterisk. The interviews were conducted long before I conceived a book on the Churchills, and had I been able to interview them specifically for this book I would have asked more – and probably different – questions.
Other people helped me in various ways during the research. My friend Anne Biffin nobly assisted me when the first draft was completed in the tedious job of checking citations and page proofs. Pamela Cornwell accompanied me to Cowes to visit Rosetta Cottage (Villa Rosetta during the Jeromes’ time) when I was too unwell to travel alone. Bernadette and Maureen Rivett arranged for us to visit the Dollar Princess exhibition at the American Museum, Bath. I met fellow biographer Anne Sebba in 2008, some years after I had researched Jennie Jerome and Randolph Churchill. We had probably been working on many of the same sources at approximately the same time, but I had to take two years out because of illness in May 2006, and in the meantime Anne went on to publish her book American Jennie, to deserved acclaim. In 2009, when I met Anne again, she told me of some information that had come her way, too late for her to use it, about Jennie’s third husband Montague Porch. With characteristic generosity she sent me her notes, and I have included some of the the information here.
I would also like to thank Minnie Churchill for the generous gift of a signed copy of her book, Sir Winston Churchill’s Life through His Paintings.
Books are not produced by authors alone. When the writing process ends, the editorial and production teams kick in, and I should also like to thank those who were part of that team:
Editors: Star Lawrence at W.W. Norton in New York, Richard Beswick and Vivien Redman at Little, Brown in London.
Copyeditor: Sue Phillpott
Proofreader: Dan Balado
Picture researcher: Linda Silverman
Jacket designer: Hannah Clarke
Production: Marie Hrynczak
Family tree and map: John Gilkes
Index: Mark Wells
Last, but certainly not least, my thanks to my literary agent, Louise Ducas, who is always on hand in a crisis.
COPYRIGHT CREDITS
The author wishes to thank the following for their generosity in granting permission for copyright material to be quoted in this book. Complete publication details of each title will be found in the bibliography:
Extracts from works and papers of Sir Winston Churchill (WSC): My Early Life, The Gathering Storm and The Grand Alliance; quotes by WSC extracted from the Official Biography, Volumes I (Youth), II (Young Statesman) and the Companion Volumes accompanying Volumes I & II; the letters of WSC published in Speaking for Themselves and Clementine Churchill, and those held at the Churchill Archive Centre, Churchill College, Cambridge; WSC quotes from other sources such as the memoirs of contemporaries, quotes in Martin Gilbert’s The Wilderness Years.
Reproduced with permission of Curtis Brown Ltd, London, on behalf of the Estate of Sir Winston Churchill. Copyrigh
t © Winston S. Churchill.
Extracts from Memories and Adventures. Reproduced with permission of Curtis Brown Ltd, London, on behalf of the Estate of Winston S. Churchill. Copyright © Winston S. Churchill.
Extracts from the letters of Lady Clementine Churchill published in Speaking for Themselves and Clementine Churchill, and those in the Churchill Papers held at the Churchill Archive Centre, Churchill College, Cambridge. Reproduced with permission of Curtis Brown Ltd, London, on behalf of the Estate of Lady Clementine Churchill. Copyright © The Lady Soames.
Extracts from the letters of Lady Clementine Churchill from the Baroness Spencer-Churchill Papers held at the Churchill Archive Centre, Churchill College, Cambridge. Reproduced with permission of Curtis Brown Ltd, London, on behalf of the Master, Fellows and Scholars of Churchill College, Cambridge. Copyright © The Master, Fellows and Scholars of Churchill College, Cambridge.
Extracts from Keep on Dancing by Sarah Churchill, Lady Audley. Reproduced with permission of Curtis Brown Ltd, London, on behalf of the Estate of Sarah Churchill by kind permission of The Lady Soames. Copyright © Sarah Churchill 1981.
Extracts from Clementine Churchill by Mary, The Lady Soames. Reproduced with permission of Curtis Brown Ltd, London, on behalf of The Lady Soames. Copyright © Mary Soames 1979.
Note: Although I have been granted appropriate copyright permission, as above, I have been asked to make it clear that this does not indicate any form of authorisation by the Churchill family for the views or opinions expressed in this book.
Also:
Huchinsons & Co Ltd., for extracts from Cousin Randolph and Jennie: The Life of Lady Randolph Churchill.
Hodder & Stoughton for extracts from The Fringes of Power.
Orion Publishing Group for extracts from The Churchillians, The Letters of Evelyn Waugh, The Diaries of Evelyn Waugh and The Diaries of Duff Cooper.
Charlotte Mosley for extract from The Mitfords: Letters between Six Sisters.
Tarka King Esquire, for extracts from letters of the Jerome and Leslie families.
Constable & Robinson Ltd for extracts from Winston Churchill – The Struggle for Survival.
Quotations from The Glitter and the Gold by Consuelo Balsan (which was first published in book form in 1952 and which is still available in paperback) appear by kind permission of George Mann Books.