divine status of triumphing general 277, Pl. 9
early triumphs 70,
end of traditional triumph 373–4
later imperial triumphs 481, 483, 504, 511–12, 512
Octavian’s triumph 29 BCE 348–9, 349
prisoner becomes triumphing general 238
Trojan inheritance of Rome, War 27, 56, 74–6, 171–2, 206–7, 210, 213, 244
Tullia, daughter of Cicero and Terentia 49, 302–3, 309–10, 311, 313, 314, 317–18, 429
Twelve Tables 139, 141–45, 148–150, 151, 167
importance in history of Roman law 141–2
V
Varus, Publius Quinctilius 480–81
Veii, near Rome 157, 158
destruction of (396 BCE) 137, 154–5
‘Flee to Veii’ 155–6, 408
Vercingetorix 290
Verres, Gaius 253–6, 257, 259, 264, 282, 307–8
Vespasian, Emperor 388, 413, 414, 427, 428, 456, 511, 512, 515
down to earth style 399, 432
reputation for financial management 399, 404
Vestal Virgins 57–8, 103–4, 103, 118, 145, 155, 180, 207, 309
Via Appia (Appian Way) 136, 248, 253, 409
Vindolanda, Britain 490–91, 502
Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro) 376–7
Aeneid 43, 75, 76, 77–8, 180, 213, 350, 351, 355, 369, 376–7, 484
Eclogues (‘Selections’) 343
Georgics 271
imperial prophecy in Aeneid 193, 355, 481
popular representations of Virgil 470–71
Virginia (victim of Appius Claudius) 149–50, 151
virtus 134, 135, 169, 182, 276
Vivenna brothers, Aulus and Caelius 115–16
Vulci, Etruria 95–6, 115
François Tomb paintings 115–17, Pl. 7
W
Waldgirmes, Germany, half-built city 481, 482, 492
warlords see private armies
women
assaults on women, see rape, in myths of early Rome; Terence, theme of rape
dangers of childbirth 309, 310, 313–15, 329
fantasy of ‘liberated’ women 305–7
female ‘virtues’ 122–3, 122, 304–5
in religion see Vestal Virgins
inadequate representation in historical tradition passim
lack of formal political rights 32, 188
limited choice in marriage 309–11
public role for women in imperial family 377–8
relative independence compared with classical Greece 307–9
worship of emperors 428–34
see also religion, permeable boundary between humans and gods
Z
Zama, Battle of (202 BCE) 169–70, 212
Zoilos, Gaius Julius 523–5
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