Miller, David. The Illustrated Directory of Tanks of the World: From World War I to the Present Day. Osceola, WI: MBI Publishing, 2000.
Motley, Mary Penick, ed. The Invisible Soldier: The Experience of the Black Soldier, World War II. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1987.
Parker, Danny S. Battle of the Bulge: Hitler's Ardennes Offensive, 1944–1945. Pennsylvania: Combined Publishing, 1991. Reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 2001.
Potter, Lou, with William Miles and Nina Rosenblum. Liberators: Fighting on Two Fronts in World War II. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992.
Province, Charles M. Patton's Third Army: A Daily Combat Diary. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1992.
Quarrie, Bruce. The Ardennes Offensive: US VII & VIII Corps and British XXX Corps: Central Sector. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2000.
Rampersad, Arnold. Jackie Robinson: A Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997.
Ritgen, Helmut. The Western Front 1944: Memoirs of a Panzer Lehr Officer, translated by Joseph Welsh. Winnipeg, Manitoba: J. J. Fedorowicz Publishing, 1995.
Robinson, Jackie, as told to Alfred Duckett. I Never Had It Made. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1972.
Russell, Frank M. The Saar: Battleground and Pawn. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1951.
Terkel, Studs. The Good War: An Oral History of World War II. New York: Pantheon, 1984.
Townshend, Charles, ed. The Oxford Illustrated History of Modern War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Weinberg, Gerhard L. A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Williams, David J. Hit Hard. New York: Bantam Books, 1983.
Wilson, Joe W., Jr. The 761st “Black Panther” Tank Battalion in World War II. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 1999.
Zaloga, Steven J. M3 & M5 Stuart Light Tank 1940–45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 1999.
Zaloga, Steven J. Sherman Medium Tank 1942–45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 1978.
Military Maps
U.S. Army in World War II Atlas: The European Theater. Minnetonka, MN: The National Historical Society, 1996.
Periodicals
Associated Press. “Overdue But Not Forgotten.” Dallas Morning News, April 28, 1996.
Galloway, Joseph L. “Debt of Honor.” U.S. News & World Report, May 6, 1996, pp. 28–41.
Holmes, Steven A. “Some Notable Old Soldiers Fight to Avoid Fading Away.” The New York Times, September 2, 2002.
Jensen, Oscar. “A Memorable Visit to the ETO.” Yankee Doings: 26th Division Newsletter, Vol. LXXX, No. 4, December 1999.
Sikes, David. “WWII Battalion Honored.” Killeen Daily Herald, August 23, 1996.
Tygiel, Jules. “The Court-Martial of Jackie Robinson.” American Heritage, August/September 1984, pp. 34–39. Reprinted in The 761st Tank Battalion & Allied Veterans Association of World War II, Celebrating their 37th Annual Reunion, August 28–September 1, 1985.
Van Gelder, Lawrence. Paul Bates Obituary. The New York Times, February 25, 1995.
Wilson, Dale E. “A Time to Live; A Time to Die: The Sad Saga of Staff Sergeant Ruben Rivers.” Negro History Bulletin: African Americans and World War II, 50th Anniversary of World War II Commemorative Issue, December 1993, pp. 51–55.
Videos
Lennon, Thomas, and Mark Zwonitzer. American Experience: Battle of the Bulge: The Deadliest Battle of World War II. Narrated by David McCullough. A Lennon Documentary Group Film, produced for American Experience. Boston: WGBH Educational Foundation, 1994, 2002.
Lihani, Rob. Suicide Missions: Tank Crews. Produced by Rob Lihani. A&E Television Networks: The History Channel, 2000.
Stahl, Norman. America's Black Warriors: Two Wars to Win. Produced by Mort Zimmerman. With closing comments by General Colin Powell, U.S. Army (Ret.). A&E Television Networks: The History Channel, 1998.
Internet Sites of Interest
“26th Infantry Division ‘Yankee Division.'” www.grunts.net; www.globalsecurity.org; www.military.com.
“71st Infantry Division Official Web Page.” www.geocities.com
“The Seventy-First Came to Gunskirchen Lager.” Produced by the 71st U.S. Infantry Division in May 1945, after their liberation of the Gunskirchen concentration camp in Austria. With foreword by Major General Willard G. Wyman. Reprinted at www.remember.org.
“87th Infantry Division Association.” Contains numerous articles and wartime recollections written by members of the 87th “Golden Acorn” Division. www.87thinfantrydivision.com.
“History of the 103rd Infantry Division.” www.grunts.net
“TheTroubleshooters.com.” Website of the 702nd Tank Battalion of Patton's Third U.S. Army. Contains articles on tank equipment and performance, and recollections of unit veterans. www.thetroubleshooters.com.
www.homeofheroes.com. Website featuring Congressional Medal of Honor citations.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the following friends and colleagues for their contributions to the realization of the book:
Michael Hurd, Hanna Broda, Sloan Harris, Alan and Harriet Dresher, Matthew Greenfield, Craig McEwen, Roger Scholl, and Sarah Rainone.
We would like to give special acknowledgment and thanks to Deborah Murphy.
Index
*The following items may be used as a guide to search for information in this eBook.
Adams, Clifford
Adamson, Capt. Garland “Doc”
African American soldiers in American military, history
“Buffalo soldiers”
Allied leaders, meeting in Tehran
Anderson, Alexander
Anderson, Trezzvant
Annunzio, Frank
Ardennes. See Battle of the Bulge
Armstrong, Emile
Ashly, Thomas
Austria
761st Able Company
Steyr
Baker, 1st Lt. Vernon
Ballard, Sgt. Moses
Barbour, 1st Lt. Samuel (or Charles)
Bates, Lt. Col. Paul L.
postwar
reads Articles of War to 761st
return to 761st
Saar Campaign and wounding, Nov. 8
tank, “Taff,”
Task Force Rhine
Battle of the Bulge
air support
Bastogne
casualties
civilian casualties
end of
First Army in
German forces
German surrender demand and Gen. McAuliffe's famous reply
January 3, Allied counterattack
St. Hubert Hwy
761st Able Company
761st Baker Company
761st Charlie Company
761st Dog Company
761st Gates command
Seventh Army
Third Army sent to
Tillet
weather
Battle of Hurtgen Forest
Bear, Capt. Gerald M.
Belgium, battles and battle sites
Amberloup
Bastogne
Bonnerue
Gerimont
Haies de Tillet Forest
Hermee
“High Ardennes”
Houffalize
Jenneville
Moircy
Nimbermont
Offagne
Pironpre
Remagne
Rondu
St. Vith
Schonberg
Tillet
Bond, Jessie
Boone, Pfc. Irving
Bragg, Pvt. Thomas
Branch, Cpl. Buddie
Brisbane, Thomas
Briscoe, Robert
Brooks, Charles
Brown, Cpl. Fred
Bruce, Lt. Thomas
Bryant, Mose
Burroughs, William R.
Byrd, L. C.
Campbell, Walter
Camp Breckin
ridge, Texas
Camp Claiborne, Louisiana
Camp Clark, Missouri
Camp Hood (Fort Hood), Texas
German prisoners at, freedom greater than black servicemen
monument and other memorials to 761st
reunion at
travel off base, racial problems and
Camp Kilmer, New Jersey
Camp Shanks, Orangeburg, New York
Camp Siebert, Alabama
Camp Upton, New York
Camp Wheeler, Georgia
Cardell, Daniel
Carter, S. Sgt. Edward A.
Carter, Jimmy
Chapman, Carlton
Chatmon, Earnest
Christy, Walter
Churchill, Winston
Clark, Hollis
Cochrane, S. Sgt. Frank
Codman, Lt. Col. Charles R.
Coleman, 1st Lt. Kenneth
Collier, George
Come Out Fighting
Congressional Medal of Honor
African American recipients
fight for award to Ruben Rivers
Conway, S. Sgt. Henry
Conyers, John
Cooper, Theodore
Crecy, Warren “Iron Man”
Battle of the Bulge
death of Horatio Scott and
in England
in France
postwar
Saar Campaign
in 761st Charlie Company
in 761st Dog Company
in 761st Service Company
as tank commander
Task Force Rhine
valor of
wife, Margaret
Culin, Sgt. Curtis G.
Culin, Maj. Gen. Frank
Dade, Floyd
France, yearly visits to
in Germany
postwar
reenlistment
Saar Campaign
Dade, 2nd Lt. Moses
Dawley, Brig. Gen. Ernest A.
Devers, Lt. Gen. Jacob
Devore, Willie
Battle of the Bulge
at Camp Hood
death of
deployment for ETO
as driver
in France
in New York City
Saar Campaign
in 761st Headquarters Company
Douglass, Frederick
Dunn, Lane
Eddy, Maj. Gen. Manton S.
Edwards, Corp. James
85th Infantry Division
Eisenhower, Gen. Dwight D.
England
African-Americans
21st British Army Group, drive into Germany and
Wimborne
English, Capt. Richard
European Theater of Operations (ETO)
African American units in
Allied commanders, clashes between
Allied commanders at Verdun
Battle of the Bulge
casualties
dangerous optimism of Allies
liberation of Paris
logistical problems
Germany, subduing of, plan for
Normandy invasion (Operation Overlord)
October, 1944, various operations
Omaha Beach
Operation Cobra
Operation Grenade
push for Germany, Montgomery and
“Red Ball Express,” African American quartermaster regiment
Saar Campaign
Sherman tanks, casualties and problems with
Task Force Rhine
troopships for
Yalta Conference
Ewing, Roderick
Fletcher, Autrey
Fort Knox, Kentucky
black officer training
disparity in training for African Americans
segregation at
Fort Riley, Kansas
442nd Regimental Combat Team, 100th Battalion (“Nisei” Japanese Americans)
Fox, Lt. John R
France, battles and battle sites
Albestroff
Benestroff
Bezange-la-Petite
Bidestroff
Bosselhausen
Bourgaltroff
Château-Salins
Dieuze
Guebestroff
Guebling
Hill 253
Honskirch
Les Pieux, American camp at
Maginot Line
Marimont
Metz
Morville-les-Vic
Munster
Oermingen
Rodalbe
Saare-Union
St. Nicholas-de-Port, bivouac at
Sarreguemines
Sarre-Union
Saverne
Torcheville
Val-de-Bride
Vic-sur-Seille
Vittersbourg
Woefling-les-Sarreguemines
Wuisse
Gary, 1st Lt. Harold
Gates, Lt. Charles A. “Pop”
African American Missouri National Guard Unit and
Assault Gun Platoon
Battle of the Bulge
dinner in Bidestroff
German invasion and
Headquarters Company commander
Patton and
postwar
Saar Campaign
Saar Campaign, Nov. 22, attack on Honskirch
Gay, Maj. Hobart R.
Geist, Russell C.
Germany, battles and battle sites
Allied invasion
Battle of Hurtgen Forest
Bayreuth
Berlin
Birkenhardt
Bobenthal
Bollenborn
civilians and American troops
Coburg
concentration camps and Holocaust
Erlenbach
Inn River, Austrian border
Insheim
Lambach
Langenselbol
Kipshoven
Klingenmunster
Kulmbach
Nazi resistance to invading Allies
Neuhaus
Niederschlettenbach
Regensburg
Reisdorf
Remagen
Rhine River
Rhine River crossed by Patton
Saarbrucken
Schwannenberg
761st Able Company in
761st Baker Company in
761st Charlie Company in
761st Dog Company in
Siegfried Line
Silz
surrender
Tiesendorf
Third Army and 761st crosses into
Trier
Wels
Zutzendorf
Goering, Hermann
Goines, George
Graham, Ardis
Gray, J. Glenn
Greenwood, Frank
Grow, Maj. Gen. Robert
Hagerman, Pvt. Bart
Hall, Elwood
Hall, Felix
Hall, Sgt. Jonathan
Hammond, 1st Lt. Robert
Harrison, Capt. Ivan H.
Saar Campaign, Nov. 8–9
Hastie, William
Hill, Corp. Raleigh
Hilliard, Ivory
Hitler, Adolf
Battle of the Bulge and
refusal to surrender
Rhine, defense of
suicide
HMS Esperance Bay
Holland
End
Jebeek
Mheer
Montgomery in
761st in
761st Able Company
761st Baker Company
761st Charlie Company
761st Dog Company
Huffman, 1st Lt. Maxwell
Hunt, Lt. Col. Hollis
Italy
Allied advance in
92nd Infantry Division
Jackson, Austin
James, Pfc. Willy F. Jr.
James, Sgt. Walter
Jennison, Sgt
. John
Jenson, Oscar
Johnson, Lt. Jay E.
Johnson, Sgt. Robert
Jones, James
Jordan, James
Kahoe, 1st Lt. Joseph
Kilburn, Maj. Gen. Charles
King, Sgt. Roy
Kingsley, 1st Lt. Harold
Kitt, Sgt. William
Koch, Oscar
Latimer, Philip
Latimore, Sgt. Ervin
Lear, Lt. Gen. Benjamin
Lewis, Gunner Walter
Lofton, Willie
Long, Capt. John
Louis, Joe
Luxembourg, 761st in
Lyons, Lt. Col.
MacArthur, Gen. Douglas
Mann, Claude
Marshall, Gen. George
McAuliffe, Gen.Anthony
McBurney, William
Battle of the Bulge
at Camp Claiborne
at Camp Hood
at Camp Upton
Channel crossing
concentration camp entered
deployment for ET
in England
at Fort Knox
in France, preparing for battle
German invasion and
as gunner
in Holland
postwar
racial incident, Alexandria and
return to U.S.
Saar Campaign
in 761st Headquarters Company
tank, “Taffy”
Task Force Rhine
trench foo
McHenry, Capt. Irvin
McIntyre, Harold
McNair, Lt. Gen. Leslie
McNeil, John
McNeil, Preston
Battle of the Bulge
at Camp Claiborne
at Camp Hood
at Camp Upton
Channel crossing
deployment for ETO
in England
at Fort Knox
in France
German invasion and
in Holland
postwar
racial discrimination, Texas
racial incident, Alexandria and
return to U.S.
Saar Campaign
in 761st Dog Company
in 761st Service Company
as tank commander
Miley, Maj. Gen. William
“Million-dollar wound”
Montgomery, Field Marshal Bernard
Mucklerath, Pvt. Ben
Murphy, Sgt.
Navarre, Sgt. Christopher
Nelson, S. Sgt. James
Nimitz, Adm. Chester
969th Field Artillery, African American battalion
Osby, Dennis
Pacific Theater of Operations (PTO)
African American units in
Parks, Isaiah
Patton, Gen. George S.
addresses 761st
artillery preparation to “soften” enemy lines
assault on Honskirch and
Battle of the Bulge