drinks: attitude to, 350; facilities, 350–4; seasonal, 287
drunkenness, 352
Drury Lane: character, 11; churchyard, 219
duelling, 370–1
Duncannon Street, 270
dustmen, 50–1 & n, 145
Eagle pub, City Road, 274, 405
Earl’s Sluice, 201
earthquake: predicted (1842), 307
East London Water Company, 210
Edinburgh: prostitutes in, 396
Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII): birth, 312, 365; eighteenth birthday celebrations, 365; marriage, 308; opens Crossness pumping station, 225; visits Carrington, 371; visits sites of fires, 331
Edwin Drood (CD) see Mystery of Edwin Drood, The
eels: as food, 282
Effra, river, 201
Egan, Pierce: Life in London, 98n, 171–2, 244, 293, 348, 403
Egg, Augustus: Past and Present (triptych), 244
Eleanor of Castile, Queen of Edward I, 268n
Ellis and Blackmore (firm), 31n, 32
Ely Place, Clerkenwell, 270n
Embankment, the, 226–8, 227
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 12
English Opera House, Covent Garden: fire (1830), 330
Enon Chapel scandal, 221
entertainers, popular, 252–9
epidemics, 215–16
Epping, 274
Esther (character) see Summerson, Esther
Euston railway station, 61, 106–7
Evans, W.C., 359
Evans’s (supper-singing room), 357–9, 412
Exchange, The, Houndsditch, 137
Exchequer Coffee-House, Palace Yard, Westminster, 294
executions: crowd behaviour, 388–9; last public, 391–2; numbers, 386–8; as punishment, 383–6, 384
Fagin (character, Oliver Twist), 30, 42, 176, 183, 194, 385
fairs, 278–80
Falconbrook (river), 201
Fang (character, Oliver Twist), 378
Farrell, William, 406
Farringdon: Ragged School Dormitory, 164
Farringdon Road, 76–7, 189, 202
Faucit, Elizabeth, 406
Fenchurch Street railway station, 106
Fenians, 390–1
Fenning, Eliza, 389
Field Lane see Saffron Hill
Finish coffee house, James Street, 407
Finsbury Park, 267
fire brigades: development and operation, 112, 326–9, 328
fires: attract crowds, 330–2; domestic and institutional, 325, 329–30; Houses of Parliament (1834), 104n, 330–1; Tooley Street (1861), 111–18, 112
fish: fried, 286; marketing, 126–7
fish dinners, 276
Flash Chaunter, The (songbook), 359
Flash Songster, The (songbook), 359
flash-houses (for stolen goods), 378
Fleet Ditch: ruptures, 77
Fleet market, 47; relocated, 76
Fleet prison, 172, 173, 175–6, 178
Fleet, river and valley, 200–2
fog, 203–5
Follit’s Old Established Cigar Stores, near Portman Square, 295
food and cooking: eating houses, 290, 296–303; and eating outdoors, 23–4, 280, 281–4; prices and payment, 299 & n, 302; seasonal, 287; see also coffee stalls
footmen, 86
Fordyce, John, 39, 264
Forster, John: and CD in Switzerland, 8; and CD’s unfinished autobiography, 4; home address, 187n; membership of Shakespeare club, 355; portrayed as Podsnap, 190
Foster, Mr (of Chapel-court, Long Acre), 220
Fowler, Jane, 413
Fox, George, 220n
free-and-easies see harmonic meetings
Frying-pan Alley, Field Lane, 186
Fulwood’s Rents, Holborn, 186
Furley, Mary, 419
Gallery of Illustrations, 337
gambling dens, 349
gangs, 372
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 317, 345n
Garraway’s Coffee-House, Exchange Alley, 295
Garrick, the (pub), 357, 363
gas: companies, 56; explosions, 159, 325; street lighting, 53–6, 88; see also illuminations
Gavin, Hector, 37
Gay, John, 53; The Beggar’s Opera, 183
General Board of Health, 214
General Steam Navigation Company, 68
George I, King: statue, 263
George II, King, 260
George III, King, 5, 53, 261
George IV, King (earlier Prince Regent), 6, 53, 264–6, 272n; unpopularity, 310
George, Mr (character, Bleak House), 262
George Reeves’ City Luncheon Rooms, 300, 303
George’s Coffee-House, 295
gestures, 252
gin, 350
gin palaces, 353–4
Gladstone, William Ewart: blackmail attempt on, 263; in first underground journey, 78
Glauber, Johann Rudolf, 242n
Gliddon’s Divan, 295
Goding, Mr (brewer), 307
Godwin, George, 160, 211
Golden Cross House, 268n
Golden Lane, 182
Golden Square, 262
‘Gone Astray’ (CD; article), 7
gonoph: defined, 189n
Goodered’s Flash Saloon, 360 & n
graveyards (cemeteries), 219; new suburban, 222–3
Great Exhibition (1851), 102, 366
Great Expectations (CD): on chophouses, 299; club in, 357; describes Thames, 200; on hardships, 4; pub services in, 247; on short-stagecoach, 69
Great Northern Railway, 76, 107
Great Ormond Street Hospital, 198
Great Stink (1858), 223–5
‘Great Winglebury Duel, The’ (CD; story), 370
Green, Paddy, 359
Green Park: as Crown land, 260
Greenacre, James, 385
Greenwich: excursions to, 276, 278; Fair, 278–9
Greenwood, James, 24 & n, 132, 198
Greville, Charles, 311 & n, 313, 330
Grewgious, Mr (character, Edwin Drood), 205
Grey, Alice, 413
Grosvenor Estate, 264
Grosvenor, Lord Robert, 376
Grosvenor Square, 262
grubbers, 161
Guppy, Mr (character, Bleak House), 26, 243, 300
Guy Fawkes Night (5 November), 320–2
Gyngell’s theatre, 278
H., Mother (madam), 360 & n, 412
Hackney Brook, 200
hackney coaches, 39, 79–80
Hackney Downs, 267
ham and beef shops, 289
Hammersmith Bridge, 64
Hammersmith and City line (underground), 78
Hampstead, 182
Hampstead Heath: ponds, 201–2; walking on, 274
handbills, 244
Handford, Julius (character, Our Mutual Friend), 294
hangings see executions hansom cabs, 80–5
Hansom, Joseph, 80–1 & n
harmonic meetings (free-and-easies), 355–6, 362
Harris’s List of Covent Garden Ladies, 404
Hastings, Henry Rawdon-Hastings, 4th Marquess of, 183
hats and caps: as social markers, 272–3
Havelock, Sir Henry, 272n
Havisham, Miss (character, Great Expectations), 10
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 204, 279
Haydon, Benjamin Robert, 203, 331
Haymarket, 408n, 409
Haynau, General Julius Jacob von, 345n
Hay’s Wharf, 111, 112
Heine, Heinrich, 59
Hékékyan, Joseph (Hékékyan Bey), 207 & n, 331, 404
Hemyng, Bracebridge, 397
Herbert, Sidney, 276
Hexam, Gaffer (character, Our Mutual Friend), 10
Hicks, George Elgar: The General Post Office, One Minute to Six (painting), 155
Higden, Betty (character, Our Mutual Friend), 170
Highgate Cemetery, 223
Hints to Men About Tow
n, 350
hoaxes: Berners Street, 17–20
Hodges (distillery owner), 112–13
Hogarth, Mary: burial, 222
Hogarth, William, 263; Morning (engraving), 359n
hokey-pokey men, 287 & n
Holborn: noise, 31–2
Holborn Casino see Casino de Venise
Holborn Hill, 75
Holborn Viaduct: built, 62–3, 62; and Fleet river, 202; opening, 315
Holborn Viaduct railway station, 106n
holidays: and shop closures, 238
Holloway prison, 175n
homosexuality: female, 414n; punished, 382; secrecy, 413–14
Hood, Thomas: ‘The Bridge of Sighs’, 419, 420
Hook, Theodore, 19–20
Hornsey Wood, 274
Hornsey Wood House, 286
horseback riding, 64
Horsemonger Lane gaol, 383, 385
horses: boys help with, 156; and cabs, 82, 84; manure, 138; and road surfaces, 33–5; slaughtered and used, 138–9; traffic problems, 45–6, 48–9; ubiquity and numbers, 138, 140; working hours, 28–9
Household Words (magazine), 6, 10, 184, 189, 222, 223, 240, 301
Houses of Parliament see Parliament
Hughes, Thomas: Tom Brown’s Schooldays, 99
hulks (prison), 179, 218
Hummums, The, Russell Street, 212
Humphrey, Revd Heman, 97
Hungerford Bridge, 65
Hungerford market, 131–2, 131
Hungerford Stairs, 66–7
Hungry Forties, 161, 195–6, 286
Hunt, Leigh, 9
hurdy-gurdy players, 255
Huysmans, J.-K.: A Rebours, 12
Hyde Park: grazing rights, 208; rally forbidden (1866), 48n; riots (1855), 376–7
hygiene, public, 213–15
ice sellers, 143–4
ice-cream, 287
illness and disease: causes, 213, 215–16
illuminations and lights, 363–9, 367
Illustrated London News: advertises using sandwich-board men, 245; approves of ‘improvements’, 195; on celebrations for end of siege of Sebastopol, 368; on charity-school uniforms, 1; on crowd at house of dying Peel, 306; on deaths in barracks, 213; on falling cab horses, 81; on lack of plan for London, 57, 174; on political rally in Hyde Park, 48n; on Victoria’s withdrawal, 315; and Wellington’s funeral, 336; on widening of Park Lane, 47, 48n
Indian Mutiny (1857–8), 322
influenza: epidemics (1813–1833), 215
inns, coaching, 95, 95
Inns of Chancery, 31
Inns of Court, 31, 318
insurance companies: and fire brigades, 326
introducing houses, 412, 414
Irish: believe in forthcoming earthquake, 307; work as labourers, 193
Iron Boat Company (steam boats), 68
Izant’s (slap-bang), Bucklersbury, 300
Jack-in-the-Green, 319
Jacob’s Island, Bermondsey, 183, 190–1, 191, 208
James, Henry, 12
Jennings’ Buildings, Kensington, 193 & n
Jerdan, William, 277
Jermyn Street Baths, 211
Jerusalem Coffee-House, Cornhill, 295
Jews: as old clothes-sellers, 137, 147
Jo the crossing-sweeper (character, Bleak House), 49–50, 189, 195, 199, 222, 248
John’s Coffee-House, 295
Johnson, Joseph, 255, 256
Johnson, Samuel, 46
Jones, Adrian: The Angel of Peace Descending on the Chariot of War (sculpture), 308n
Jones, Inigo, 187n, 261
Keane, Edmund, 278
Kemble, Adelaide, 362 & n
Kemble, John Philip, 371–2
Kennington Common, 267; Chartist meeting, 375–6
Kennington turnpike gate, 43
Kensal Green cemetery, 222
Kensington, 182; slum, 193
Kensington Common, 267
Kew: wooden bridge, 64
King’s Bench prison, 175, 178
King’s Cross railway station, 106n, 107
King’s Mews (Trafalgar Square), 268, 271
kiss in the ring (game), 279
Krook (character, Bleak House), 239–40
La Creevy, Miss (character, Nicholas Nickleby), 75
Laing, Allan Stewart, 378
Lamb, Charles, 9, 422
Lambeth Bridge, 65
lamplighters, 54
Lancaster, Duchy of, 270
Lancet, The (journal), 216
Landseer, Sir Edwin, 273
Laurie, Sir Peter, 190–1
lavatories (flush), 208–9
Lea, river, 200
Leadenhall market, 130
leaving shops, 241
Leeves, Edward, 415
Leicester Square, 262–3
Leigh’s New Picture of London, 261, 278
leisure: and days out, 274–5
Lever’s Museum, Leicester Square, 263
licensing laws (alcoholic drinks), 350–1
life expectancy, 212
Lincoln, Abraham, 322
linkmen, 53
Linwood, Miss: Gallery of Needlework Pictures, 263
Little Dorrit (CD): coach route, 39; cookshop in, 291; on hardships, 4; on Marshalsea prison, 177–8, 356; on Southwark Bridge, 44; stagecoach accident, 92; on Thames, 223; tobacco shop Highlander, 242; on workhouses, 170
Liverpool Street railway station, 106
lodging houses, 166, 184–6, 186
London: CD moves to as child, 2; CD’s homes in, 6; CD’s interest in, 7–10, 422–3; as alienating city, 59–60; as city of lights, 363–4; first official map, 59; improvements and rebuilding, 56; improvements (rebuilding) and displacement, 189, 196; levelling of hills, 61–2; main access roads, 40; noise, 30–3; portrayed by CD, 12–13; rich and poor districts, 181–2, 187–8; size and population, 10–11, 39, 59, 393; streets and layout, 10, 47–8; traffic problems, 39–40, 44–9; transport and navigating, 64–70; travel into and from, 90–1; walking and walkers in, 25–8
London Bridge: as crossing point, 64; hazards of navigating, 65–6; replaced and relocated (1831), 6, 65–6; road surface, 35
London Bridge railway station, 63, 106–7
London Bridge Steam Wharf, 65
London by Night (by ‘Anonyma’), 85, 406–7, 418
London Cemetery Company, 223
London, Chatham and Dover Railway, 175n
London Fire Engine Establishment, 112, 326–7, 330–1
London Gasworks company, 56, 325
London Gazette, 247–8
London General Omnibus Company, 72
London and Westminster Steam Boat Company, 67–8
Lord Mayor’s Show, 310
Louis Philippe, King of France, 314
Lovett, William, 165, 177
Lowther Arcade, 11
Lumber Court market, 132
macadam (road surface), 33–6, 38
MacKenzie, Alexander, 92
Macready, Charles, 355
Maggie (character, Little Dorrit), 421
magistrates: corrupt, 377–8
Magwitch (character, Great Expectations), 179, 247
Maiden Lane (now York Way), 107
Manby, Charles, 75
Manners, Lord John, 273
Manning, Maria and Frederick, 385–6, 389
Mansion House: illuminated, 366
Margery (river steamer), 65
marine stores, 239–40
markets: clothes, 137–8; food, 123–36
Marochetti, Carlo, Baron, 273
Marryat, Captain Frederick, 277
Marshalsea prison: conditions, 177–8; Dickens portrays, 175, 177; John Dickens in, 3; social gatherings, 356
Martha (character, David Copperfield), 420
Martin Chuzzlewit (CD), 100, 242, 273, 302, 393
Marylebone: housing, 182; land ownership, 264
Marylebone Gardens, 265
Marylebone La
ne, 202
Marylebone railway station, 106n
matches: manufacture and selling, 158–60, 160
Mathews, Nancy, 19
Matileau, Mme: introducing house, 413
May day, 318–19
Mayfair: as prostitutes’ venue, 408
Mayhew, Augustus: Paved with Gold (novel), 352
Mayhew, Henry: on child prostitutes, 379; on Guy Fawkes day, 321; on hot-potato man, 284; on low-level crime, 379–80; on oyster seller, 283n; on the poor, 168; on prostitutes, 394–6; on Punch and Judy show, 257; on second-hand boot sales, 138; on slaughtered horses, 138; on sound of City, 30; on speech and pronunciation, 249–10; on street musicians, 252; on street sellers, 140, 142–3, 162; visits Jacob’s Island, 191; visits Night Refuge, 197; on working hours, 28; London Labour and the London Poor, 10, 28n, 168, 394–6; vol. 4 by other hands, 396–7
medical schools: and dissection, 374–5
Melbourne, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount, 331
Mendoza, Daniel, 371
menus: introduced, 300–1
Metropolis Land Management Act (1854), 223
Metropolis Local Management Act for the Purification of the Thames and the Main Drainage of the Metropolis (1858), 224
Metropolitan Board of Works: approves new streets, 60; authorized to undertake sewage building, 224–5; builds Holborn Viaduct, 62; controls fire brigades, 327; created, 57, 223; and naming of streets, 58
Metropolitan Buildings Act (1844), 208
Metropolitan Commission of Sewers Act (1848), 214
Metropolitan Fire Brigade, 327
Metropolitan Improvements, 188
Metropolitan Interments Act (1850), 222
Metropolitan Police force: formed, 373
Metropolitan Railway: opens, 77–8
miasma: as cause of disease, 216, 218
Micawber, Wilkins (character, David Copperfield), 3, 13
Middle Row, Holborn, 46–7
Midland Railway, 275
milkmen and milkmaids, 145
Millbank prison, 179, 383
Minns, Mr (character, ‘A Dinner at Poplar Walk’), 70
Mint, the (district), Southwark, 270n
Mirror of Parliament, 357
mobs, 371–4
money: lending, 163
Monthly Magazine, 4
Monument, the: suicides, 421
Morning Chronicle, 5, 100, 191, 357
Morning Post, 307, 338
Morning Star, 26
mortality rates: adult, 213; infant and child, 212; see also death
Mortimer market, 131
Moses and Son (men’s clothing supplier), 338
Mother H. see H., Mother
Mould, Mr (character, Martin Chuzzlewit), 324
mourning, 322–3
Mowcher, Miss (character, David Copperfield), 252, 286