42 Michael Smith, The Spying Game, Politico’s, London, 2003, p.1
43 Evidence of Paul Bergne to House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, 22 January 2002; obituaries of Paul Bergne, The Times, 19 April 2007, Daily Telegraph, 16 April 2007, and Craig Murray’s blog, 17 April 2007, http://www.craigmurray.org.uk/ archives/2007/04/paul_bergne.html
44 Interview with Cofer Black and Gary Schroen by the author for Secret Wars: The CIA since 9/11, BBC World Service, 2006; Gary C. Schroen, First In, Ballantine Books, New York, 2005, p. 26
45 Drumheller, On the Brink, p. 48
46 Interview with Hank Crumpton
47 Interview with Bob Grenier
48 ‘Tora Bora Revisted: How We Failed to Get Bin Laden and Why it Matters Today’, Report to the Foreign Affairs Committee, US Senate, 30 November 2009
49 Interview with Abdullah Anas
50 Account drawn from Intelligence and Security Committee, The Handling of Detainees by UK Intelligence Personnel in Afghanistan, Guantanamo and Iraq, March 2005, http://www.cabinet office.gov.uk/media/cabinetoffice/corp/assets/publications/ reports/ intelligence/treatdetainees.pdf
51 Sir Richard Dearlove speaking at the Hay-on-Wye book festival, 31 May 2009
52 Baroness Manningham-Buller, lecture at the House of Lords, 10 March 2010
53 Ibid.
54 Intelligence and Security Committee, The Handling of Detainees by UK Intelligence Personnel in Afghanistan, Guantanamo and Iraq
55 Interview with Sir John Scarlett for BBC Radio 4, 2009
56 Statement before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, 17 April 2007, http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/110/sch041707.htm
57 Private information from a number of officials
58 Interview with Baroness Manningham-Buller for BBC Radio 4, 2009
59 Evidence to the inquest into 7 July bombings
60 Private information
61 Interview with Baroness Manningham-Buller for BBC Radio 4, 2009
62 Eliza Manningham-Buller interviewed on Desert Island Discs, BBC Radio 4, 23 November 2007
63 Gordon Corera, ‘Analysis: MI5 and the Bomber’, BBC News website, 30 April 2007, http://news.bbc.co.uk/i /hi/uk/ 6477777.stm
64 Interview with Baroness Manningham-Buller for BBC Radio 4, 2009
65 Rosie Cowan and Richard Norton-Taylor, ‘Britain now No 1 al-Qaida target’, The Guardian, 19 October 2006
66 The author attended a meeting with an MI5 agent and his officer for the making of The Real Spooks: MI5 since 9/11, BBC Radio 4, December 2007
67 Interview with an MI5 agent for The Real Spooks: MI5 since 9/11, BBC Radio 4, December 2007
68 Ibid.
69 Interview with an MI5 agent for The Real Spooks: MI5 since 9/11, BBC Radio 4, December 2007
70 Baroness Manningham-Buller, speech at the Mile End Group, 9 November 2006, and private information
71 Interview with Pakistani official
CHAPTER 10: IN THE BUNKER
1 Private information from an individual who, unsurprisingly, requested anonymity
2 The meeting of the Revolutionary Command Council is in Charles Duelfer, Hide and Seek, PublicAffairs, New York, 2009, p. 390. Saddam Hussein also makes reference to asking this question of his ministers a number of times in conversations with his FBI interrogator, 13 May 2004. (Transcript at http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB279/23.pdf). See also Iraq Survey Group Comprehensive Report, vol. 1, which details Saddam’s demeanour at meetings in September 2002
3 Tyler Drumheller, On the Brink, Politico’s, London, 2007, p. 53
4 Jack Straw evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
5 SIS4 evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
6 Jack Straw evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
7 Alastair Campbell, The Blair Years, Random House, London, 2007, p. 612
8 Ibid., p. 567
9 Tony Blair, A Journey, Hutchinson, London, 2001, p. 410
10 Ibid., pp. 369, 388 and 408–9
11 Bob Woodward, Bush at War, Simon & Schuster, New York, 2002, pp. 197 and 111
12 Butler Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction, p. 70
13 Blair, Journey, p. 385
14 Butler Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction, p. 45
15 Interview with former UN inspector Bill Tierney
16 The work, under the codename Operation Rockingham, is discussed in the Butler Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction. Scott Ritter identified the men he met with as from MI6
17 Sir Richard Dearlove evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
18 James Risen, State of War, Free Press, New York, 2006, p. 113; Drumheller, On the Brink, p. 32
19 Private information
20 George Tenet, At the Center of the Storm, HarperCollins, London, 2007, p. 310
21 Campbell, Blair Years, p. 645
22 Sir Richard Wilson evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
23 Tony Blair evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
24 Campbell, Blair Years, pp. 630–1
25 SIS4 evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
26 Sir David Omand evidence to the Iraq Inquiry, available online at www.iraqinquiry.org.uk/transcripts.aspx
27 Campbell, Blair Years, p. 634
28 David Omand, Securing the State, Hurst, London, 2010, p. 39
29 The ‘mate’ comment came in the Hutton Inquiry; the ‘good bloke’ in Campbell, Blair Years, p. 618
30 Sir Rodric Braithwaite, ‘Defending British spies: The Use and Abuses of Intelligence’, speech at Chatham House, 5 November 2003
31 Sir David Omand and Sir John Scarlett evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
32 Scarlett evidence to the Hutton Inquiry, quoted in Butler Review, p. 78
33 Michael Laurie’s comments came in an email written to the Iraq Inquiry on 27 January 2010 in response to seeing Alistair Campbell’s testimony that the dossier was not designed to make the case for war. His email was released by the Inquiry in May 2011. Alastair Campbell then wrote to the Inquiry disputing his account.
34 Sir David Manning evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
35 Sir Richard Dearlove speaking at the Hay-on-Wye book festival, 31 May 2009
36 Private information
37 Matthew Rycroft evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
38 Sir Richard Dearlove evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
39 Butler Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction, p. 67; Julian Miller evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
40 Sir Richard Dearlove speaking at the Hay-on-Wye book festival, 31 May 2009
41 Evidence suggesting it was 20th was provided in the Iraq Inquiry but was challenged by another witness. The witness SIS4 described the intelligence base as ‘thin’ in his evidence
42 SIS4 evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
43 Sir John Scarlett evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
44 Sir David Omand evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
45 SIS4 evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
46 Brian Jones, Failing Intelligence, Dialogue, London, 2010, p. 85
47 Quoted in Bob Woodward, Plan of Attack, Simon & Schuster, New York, 2004, p. 190
48 Sir Richard Dearlove evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
49 Jones, Failing Intelligence, p. 234; and private information
50 Private information and Iraq Survey Group Comprehensive Report, vol. 1
51 Private information
52 Jones, Failing Intelligence, p. 82
53 Written evidence of Brian Jones to the Hutton and Butler Inquiries; Butler Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction; Jones, Failing Intelligence, p. 89
54 The minute was published as part of the Hutton Inquiry and is available at http://www.the-hutton-inquiry.org.uk/content/cab/cab_33_0114t00115.pdf
55 Jones, Failing Intelligence, pp. 191 and 198
56 Brian Jones interview on the Today programme, BBC Radio 4, 20 July 2004
57 Graham Greene, Our Man in Havana, Vintage, London, 2001, pp. 189 and 78
58 Matthew Rycroft evidence to the Iraq Inq
uiry
59 Sir David Omand evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
60 Joint evidence of Sir John Scarlett and Julian Miller to the Iraq Inquiry
61 Quotes drawn from the Butler Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction
62 George Tenet speech at Georgetown University, 5 February 2004, https://www.cia.gov/news_information/speeches_testimony/2004/tenet_georgetownspeech_02052004.html
63 Woodward, Plan of Attack, pp. 106–7
64 The author was the journalist present in the room along with a BBC colleague. Sections of the interview were broadcast as part of a programme profiling Saddam on BBC Radio 4 but a planned story on the mobile labs by the author never made it to air
65 Colin Powell speaking at the UN, 5 February 2003
66 ‘The Real Story of Curveball’, Der Spiegel, 22 March 2008; Bob Drogin, Curveball, Ebury, London, 2007; Drumheller, On the Brink; and Butler Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction
67 Drogin, Curveball, pp. 92–3
68 The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction, 31 March 2005, p. 91 available online at www.gpoaccess.gov/wmd/index.html; Drumheller, On the Brink, p. 246; Drogin, Curveball, p. 131; and private information
69 Statement of George J. Tenet, former Director of Central Intelligence, 1 April 2005, available online at www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/wmd_tenet.pdf
70 Michael Gordon and Bernard Trainor, Cobra II, Atlantic Books, London, 2006, p. 133
71 See Tenet, At the Center of the Storm, p. 377; statement of George J. Tenet, former Director of Central Intelligence, 1 April 2005 and Drumheller, On the Brink, p. 100; and Drogin, Curveball, pp. 158–9
72 Hans Blix, Disarming Iraq, Bloomsbury, London, 2004, p. 96
73 Sir David Omand evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
74 Interview with former weapons inspector Rod Barton
75 Quoted in Bob Drogin, ‘Spy work in Iraq riddled by failure’, Los Angeles Times, 17 June 2004
76 Hans Blix, Disarming Iraq, p. 194
77 Ibid., pp. 129–30
78 Woodward, Plan of Attack, pp. 240 and 294
79 Matthew Rycroft evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
80 SIS4 evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
81 SIS4 evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
82 SIS4 evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
83 Saddam made references to his concerns over seeming weak to Iran in a casual conversation with his FBI interrogator, 11 June 2004, www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB279/24.pdf
84 Interview with Jaffar Dhia Jaffar; and transcript of FBI interview with Saddam Hussein, Session 4, www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB279/o5.pdf
85 Interview with Jaffar Dhia Jaffar
86 Sir Richard Dearlove, talk at the London School of Economics, 31 October 2007
87 Iraq Survey Group Comprehensive Report, vol. 1
88 Hans Blix evidence to the Iraq Inquiry, 27 July 2010
89 Interview with Jaffar Dhia Jaffar
90 Blix, Disarming Iraq, pp. 229 and 62
91 Interview with Jaffar Dhia Jaffar
92 Interview with David Kay
93 Ron Suskind in The Way of the World, Simon & Schuster, London, 2008, identified the Iraqi as Tahir Jalil Habbush. This is incorrect according to multiple sources with knowledge of the events
94 Statement by George Tenet, 4 August 2008, http://www.georgejtenet.com/TENETAUG4STATEMENT.html
95 Drumheller, On the Brink, p. 98
96 Rumsfeld speaking at a 2 February 2002 US Department of Defense news conference
97 Butler Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction; and Scarlett evidence to the Iraq Inquiry. Former Foreign Secretary Robin Cook says he was briefed in his memoir
98 Hansard, 18 March 2003
99 Gordon Corera, Shopping for Bombs: Nuclear Proliferation, Global Insecurity and the Rise and Fall of the AQ Khan Network, Hurst, London, 2006, ch. 8; additional private information; material from Tenet, At the Center of the Storm. Mark Allen’s role was revealed in a number of newspaper articles, for instance, ‘Ex-spy is BP’s Lawrence of Arabia’, Mail on Sunday, 6 September 2009
100 Mark Allen is named as the MI6 officer in ‘Ex-Spy is BP’s Lawrence of Arabia’, Mail on Sunday, 6 September 2009, and Douglas Frantz and Catherine Collins, The Nuclear Jihadist, Twelve, New York, 2007, p. 307
101 Sir David Omand evidence to the Iraq Inquiry, referring to a December 2002 JIC paper; and Eliza Manningham-Buller evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
102 Remarks of Major General Stanley McChrystal at the Foreign Press Center, Washington DC, 3 April 2003
103 Campbell, Blair Years, p. 693
104 Ibid., p. 700
105 Ibid., p. 701
106 Private information
107 Blair, Journey, Hutchinson, London 2010, p. 451
108 Interview with David Kay
109 Duelfer, Hide and Seek, p. 293
110 Interview with Rod Barton, former ISG Inspector; Duelfer, Hide and Seek, pp. 356 and 361
111 Butler Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction
112 Anonymous evidence to the Iraq Inquiry. Available online at www.iraqinquiry.org.uk/media/50706/Anonymous-Extract-1.pdf
113 The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction, ch. 1
114 Drogin, Curveball, p. 269; Butler Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction and Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction, chapter 1
115 Private information
116 Sir Richard Dearlove evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
117 Butler Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction
118 Matthew Rycroft evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
119 Sir Richard Dearlove, talk at the London School of Economics, 31 October 2007
120 Sir Richard Dearlove speaking at the Hay-on-Wye book festival, 31 May 2009
121 SIS4 evidence to the Iraq Inquiry
122 Ibid.
123 Drumheller, On the Brink, pp. 202–3
124 The author put the question to Sir John Scarlett in an interview broadcast in ‘A Century in the Shadows’, BBC Radio 4, August 2009
125 Interview with Sir John Scarlett for BBC Radio 4, 2009
126 Ibid.
127 Intelligence and Security Committee Annual Report for 2007–2008
128 Interview with John Scarlett for BBC Radio 4, 2009
129 George Blake in an email to the author in 2010; ‘Spy Blake enjoying comfortable old age in Russia’, Agence France-Presse, 11 November 2010
130 Speech to the Society of Editors, 28 October 2010
131 Ibid.
132 Interview with Sir Rodric Braithwaite for BBC Radio 4, 2009
133 See, for instance, Intelligence and Security Committee Annual Report 2003–2004
INDEX
7/7 bombings, 346–7 9/11, 2, 7, 330–5, 354
Able Archer exercise, 269, 270
Accra, 96
Acheson, Dean, 57
Admiralty, 76, 189; Underwater Weapons Establishment, 233
Afghanistan, 6, 269, 290–314, 331, 332, 335 346, 351, 354, 355, 399
Africa, 1, 33, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 102, 108, 114, 115, 116, 131–2, 133, 312, 316, 329, 375, 400 see also Congo, the
Ahmed, Mahmood, 332–3, 337
Albanian operations, 55–6, 57, 58, 59–63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 142, 177, 188, 200, 245
Algeria, 105, 161, 342, 345
Allen, Mark, 383–4
Allied Control Commission, 49–50
Al Qaeda, 311, 313, 328, 330, 333, 336, 338, 340, 341, 346, 348, 350, 351, 352, 358, 386
Amber List, 164, 268
America see United States
America (liner), 232
American Embassy: London, 140; Moscow, 136, 137, 138, 168, 171, 202, 228
American Women’s Club, Beirut, 86
Amery, Julian, 60
ich, 285, 329
Amin, Hafizullah, 291
Amman, 357, 372
Amory, Robert, 82
Anas, Abdullah, 297, 298, 300, 306, 338–9
Andrews Air Force Base, 332
Andropov, Yuri, 267–8
Angleton, James Jesus, 64, 65, 69, 74, 90, 159, 188, 189, 198, 199–200, 201, 204, 205, 209, 210, 211, 285, 286
Angola, 131
Anthrax, 356
Arab League, 386
Arab nationalism, 81
Archangel, 54
Arctic, 52
Argentina, 256
Asia, 116, 132, 340
Aspangstrasse cellar, Vienna, 44, 45–7
Astor, William, 3rd Viscount 239
Auschwitz, 32
Australia, 216
Austria, 9, 23, 24, 26–7, 29, 30, 32, 34, 36–7, 49 see also Vienna
Avengers, 33
Baden, 42
Baghdad, 353, 355, 365, 383, 386
Bajomi, Béla, 37–8, 38–9, 82
Bagley, Pete, 200, 201, 202, 203
Bagram airbase, 301, 302, 304, 336, 339
Balkans, 325, 326
Balmoral Castle, 277
Baltic operations, 51–5, 67, 141, 142, 177
Barbie, Klaus, 32
Barot, Dhiren, 341
Barracuda, Operation, 127
Barton, Rod, 387
Baudouin, King of Belgium, 106, 107
Bay of Pigs, 144, 158, 177
Bayswater, 259–60
BBC, 226, 344, 375; World Service, 298
BBC China, 384
Bearden, Milt, 300, 308, 309
Beck, Sir Edgar, 301
Beeston, Richard, 112
Beirut, 90, 228; Philby in, 76, 84–8, 194; Philby escapes from 88–9
Belgium/Belgians, 97, 98–9, 104–5, 106, 107, 112, 113, 127, 128, 129, 130
Beneficiary (Adam Kaczmarzyk), 178–80, 181 217
Benenden School, 264
Bergne, Paul, 335
Berlin, 30, 31, 39, 42, 48, 70, 142, 143, 157, 158–9, 162, 167, 177, 238, 250; Wall, 2, 162, 250, 251, 285
Berlin, Isaiah, 192, 208
Bermuda, 187
Bet, Mossad LeAliyah, 33
Bettaney, Michael, 266–7, 271
Bevin, Ernest, 57
Big Ben, 342
bin Laden, Osama, 311, 312, 313, 328, 330–1, 333, 335 336, 338–9, 351, 356, 386
Bissell, Richard, 122, 123
Black, Cofer, 333, 334, 336
Black Sea, 52, 223
Blair, Tony, 330, 331, 332–5, 355–6, 356–7, 358, 359, 360, 362, 363, 367, 371, 377, 382–3, 386, 389, 391, 392