Gorbachev, Mikhail, 436
Gordon, Fiona, 200
Gorgie-Dalry, Edinburgh, 54
Gormley, Antony, 214
Gould, Bryan, 75, 78, 83, 85, 86, 102, 144, 177
Govan, Glasgow, 33, 77
Gove, Michael, 396
Government Art Collection, 2, 328
‘government of all the talents’ (GOATS), 224
Gracious Address, 207
graduate tax, 206, 236–9
Grand Hotel, Brighton, 204
Granita deal (1994), 100–101
Gray, Sue, 201
Grayling, Christopher, 288
Great Depression (1929–39), 129, 304, 306, 323, 327, 329, 335–6, 354, 361
Great Repeal Bill, 415
Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, 373
Greece, 293, 356, 379
Green, Damian, 240
Green, Philip, 154
Green, Stephen, 315
Greenberg, Stan, 221
Greenspan, Alan, 220, 302, 319
Gregg, Paul, 130
Gregson, John, 74
Grey-Thompson, Tanni, 331
Grice, Andrew, 96
Griffiths, Nigel, 54, 58
Gross, Kate, 200
growth, 345–63
and Bank of England independence, 116, 120, 121, 124
and borrowing, 95, 131, 132
Enterprise and Growth Unit, 133
and euro/ERM, 90, 177, 184
and financial crisis (2007–2009), 3, 19, 305, 323, 345–63
and G20 London summit (2009), 19, 323, 329, 332, 333, 335, 336
and inflation, 116
low-growth, 133, 184
and market economy, 81
‘neoclassical endogenous growth theory’, 103–4
and public finances, 346
and Smith’s theories, 36
Guarantee of Right, 417
Guardian, 100, 186, 305, 369, 376, 393
Guinness, 46
Gulf War (1990–91), 249
Gurkhas, 10, 17–18
Gurría, Angel, 335
Guterres, António, 392
Gwynne Jones, Alun, Baron Chalfont, 203
H
Habermas, Jürgen, 428
Hackney, London, 48
Hague, William, 144, 181, 379
Hain, Peter, 89
Haines, David, 403
Haldane, Andrew, 320, 340
Hamas, 243
Hamburg, Germany, 393
Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, 56
Hammersmith, London, 372
Hammond, Philip, 142
Hampstead, London, 372
Hampton, Philip, 185, 188
Hannan, Daniel, 327
Hansard, 79
Haqqani network, 292
Harcourt, William Vernon, 208
Hardie, Keir, 55, 133
Harman, Harriet, 66, 86, 92, 196, 202, 232, 331, 382, 412, 442
Harper, Stephen, 199
Harrogate, North Yorkshire, 10
Harrow, London, 372, 373
Hartlepool, County Durham, 91
Harvard University, 103, 125, 313
Haskel, Simon, 74
Hattersley, Roy, 68, 84
Hawke, Robert ‘Bob’, 67, 80
Hayek, Friedrich, 437
Hayward Gallery, London, 214
HBOS, 301, 304, 307, 309–10, 316, 320–21
Headley Court, Surrey, 268
Healey, Denis, 57, 60, 65, 119, 397
Heath, Edward, 31, 101, 102, 386
Heffer, Eric, 74
helicopter money, 353
Helmand Province, Afghanistan, 10, 269–93
Heseltine, Michael, 73, 104, 181
Hewitt, Patricia, 165, 170, 201
Heywood, Jeremy, 183, 201, 302, 305, 307, 406
Hibbs Lupus Trust, 422
Higgins, Stuart, 179
High Court, 52
Hilland, Andrew, 401, 404
Hitler, Adolf, 80
Holbrooke, Richard, 279
Holocaust, 40, 243
Home Office, 17–18, 202, 224, 240, 241, 273
Hong Kong, 110, 124, 175
Hoon, Geoff, 250, 252, 253
Hope (Watts), 2, 328
House of Lords, 53, 375, 378, 415
Houses of Parliament, 66
housing market, 78, 175, 177, 184, 302–3, 442
How Much is Enough? (Skidelsky), 444
How We Can Conquer Unemployment, 92
Howard, John, 199
Howe, Geoffrey, 80
HSBC, 302, 315
Hughes, Sean, 66
Hull, East Yorkshire, 211
human embryo research, 426
Human Rights Act (1998), 112
Hume, David, 242
Hungary, 39
Hunt, Sandy, 137
Hunter, Anji, 99
Hussein, Saddam, 182, 249–58, 265
Hutton, John, 204, 284
Hutton Inquiry (2003–2004), 184, 250
‘hysteresis’, 345
I
identity politics, 30
Ignatieff, Michael, 437
immigration, 30, 154, 222, 224, 240, 371–2, 446, 455
and EU membership referendum (2016), 409, 413, 415–16
of Gurkhas, 17–18
Imperial College London, 54, 221
improvised explosive devices (IEDs), 10, 276, 282
In Place of Fear (Bevan), 66
Incapacity Benefit, 128, 130
income, 133
income tax, 104, 107, 109, 141, 147, 149–51, 453–4
Independent, 21, 178, 369
India, 199, 242, 301, 324, 325, 338, 392
Indonesia, 124, 328
Industrial Revolution, 23, 24, 27, 33
inequality, 81, 102, 232
inflation, 24, 25, 28, 55, 78–9, 104, 115–23, 133, 143–4, 148, 175
inheritance tax, 104, 167, 221
Inland Revenue Service, US, 141
Institute for Britishness, 396
Institute for Government, 386
Institute of Biochemical Engineering, 221
Institute of Fiscal Studies, 130, 151, 350
interest rates
and Bank of England independence, 115–19, 121–4
Blair Ministry, First (1997–2001), 133
and ERM crisis (1992), 90
and euro, 175, 177, 184
and financial crisis (2007–2009), 299, 300, 302, 305, 306, 314, 316, 327, 335
and public-private partnerships (PPPs), 135–6
Thatcher Ministry, Third (1987–90), 78–9
International Atomic Energy Authority (IAEA), 257
International Commission on Financing Global Education Opportunity, 392
international cooperation, 451–2
international development, 26–7, 112, 136, 200, 244–5, 323, 442
International Finance Facility for Education, 393
International Marxist Group, 53
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 125–6, 169, 186, 339, 344, 449
and debt relief, 191
and financial crisis (2007–2009), 301, 318, 323, 331, 335, 336, 357, 358
and G20 London summit (2009), 331, 335
mutual assessment process (MAP), 336
and New Deal, 130
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), 269
Internet, 6–7, 26, 106, 242, 361–2, 369
Inverkeithing, Fife, 157
Inverness, Highland, 204
investment, 28, 103, 115, 131, 132, 133, 135, 241
Iran, 244, 261, 263
Iraq, 8, 186, 187, 192, 198, 199, 218, 224, 246, 249–65, 293, 366, 432
1991 Operation Desert Storm, 249
1998 Operation Desert Fox, 249
2001 JIC report, 255; Bush–Blair discussion, 251
2002 JIC report, 255; Bush–Blair meeting in Crawford, 251; Blix begins weapons inspections, 252; ‘Proliferation Study of Iraq’, 252
–3; Blair–Bush Camp David meeting, 252; September dossier on WMD, 255–6; Joint Chiefs of Staff report on WMD, 253–4; MoD options paper, 255; UN Resolution 1441 passed, 256
2003 Blair–Bush meeting at White House, 257; Blix reports on WMD, 257; US–UK invasion, 31, 173, 249, 258–9; fall of Baghdad, 182; launch of de-Ba’athification, 259; death of Kelly; Hutton Inquiry begins, 184
2004 Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse scandal breaks, 184; Butler Review, 250
2006 UK launches Operation Sinbad, 261
2007 US troop surge, 261, 262; Brown–Bush Camp David meeting, 213–14, 260; evacuation of Basra Palace, 263; Brown makes visit; decision to withdraw troops, 4, 218, 221, 260, 263
2008 Charge of the Knights, 263; UK forces change mission, 264; US troop drawdown, 279; Brown meets with al-Maliki, 264
2009 launch of Chilcot Inquiry, 249, 264–5; UK withdrawal, 260
2010 Miliband’s apology, 389
‘Iraq: Options Paper’, 251
Ireland, 16, 199, 367
‘Iron Chancellor’, 132
Irvin, Joe, 200
Islamic State, 292
Islington, London, 101, 117
Israel, 243–4, 251
Italy, 138, 199, 242, 314, 316, 330, 355, 411
L’Aquila summit (2009), 19, 281
ITN, 75
ITV, 71
Ive, Jony, 26
Izzard, Edward ‘Eddie’, 405
J
Jackal vehicles, 10
Jacklin, Anthony ‘Tony’, 59
Jaguar, 106, 198, 347
Jaish Al Mahdi (JAM), 261, 263
Japan, 124, 191, 293, 301, 305, 326, 328, 348, 355, 410
Jeddah oil summit (2008), 303
Jenkins, Roy, 65, 193
Jennifer Brown Research Laboratory, 161, 390
Jersey, 154
Jerusalem, 40
Jewish people, 40
Job Centres, 128
Jobseeker’s Allowance, 130
John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, 268
Johnson, Alan, 188, 196, 203, 230, 234, 240
Johnson, Boris, 27, 245, 410
Johnson, Lyndon, 249
Johnson, Paul, 356
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 253–4
Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC), 255–6, 278
Jones, Digby, 203
Jones, Jack, 107–8
Jordan, 392
JP Morgan Chase, 301, 305
Juncker, Jean-Claude, 314
K
Kajaki, Helmand, 287
Kandahar, Afghanistan, 11, 269, 271, 287
Karzai, Hamid, 270, 273, 278, 279, 282, 284, 286
Kaufman, Gerald, 67–8, 75, 76
Kavanagh, Trevor, 95, 178–9
Kearns Goodwin, Doris, 202
Keating, Paul, 81
Keegan, William, 354
Keen, Ann, 230
Kelly, David, 184
Kelly, Gavin, 220
Kelly, Ruth, 234
Kennedy Library, Boston, 302
Kennedy Space Center, Florida, 7–8
Kennedy, Charles, 181, 187
Kennedy, Edward ‘Ted’, 42, 460
Kennedy, John Fitzgerald, 7–8, 20, 27, 28, 41–2, 223, 247, 329
Kennedy, Robert, 58
Kenya, 224
Kerry, John, 220, 282
‘Key Judgements’, 254
Keynes, John Maynard, 24, 119, 125, 345–6, 350, 359, 444
Kikwete, Jakaya, 245, 324
Kilroy-Silk, Robert, 68
King, Martin Luther, 432
King, Mervyn, 297, 298, 304, 315, 316, 352–4, 379, 385
King’s College London, 229, 385
King’s Speech, The, 26
Kinnock, Neil, 65, 81, 91, 438
1976 Blackpool conference, 55
1983 leadership election, 68–9
1984 front bench reshuffle, 71; attempt to introduce ‘one member, one vote’, 87
1985 Bournemouth conference, 74
1987 Brown appointed shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury, 77; Brighton conference, 77
1988 leadership election, 77, 78; Brown stands in for Smith, 78, 79
1989 Brighton conference, 79–80; Brown promoted to Trade and Industry, 80
1992 general election, 82, 83, 84; resignation, 85
2016 EU membership referendum, 411
Kinross and West Perthshire by-election (1963), 41
de Kirchner, Cristina Fernández, 328, 333
Kirkcaldy, Fife, 4, 10, 33–43, 56, 247, 423, 454
Adam Smith Halls, 33
Burgh School, 30
Chinese restaurant, 216
churches, 33, 34, 161
Churchill’s state funeral (1965), 394
coal industry, 36–7, 72
Cottage, The, 390, 447
food bank, 390
Forth Park, 158
High School, 42–3
linoleum, 33, 37, 40
port, 36
Ravenscraig Park, 39
storms and floods, 37
textile industry, 37
unemployment, 36–7, 50, 74, 129
Victoria Hospital, 43
Volunteers’ Green, 35
West Primary School, 38
Kohl, Helmut, 177
Korean War (1950–53), 249
Kosovo War (1998–99), 111, 249
Kubrick, Stanley, 3
Kuwait, 221, 249, 256
L
Labour Party, 22–3, 27, 53, 426, 435–43, 448–51, 458
1931 devaluation of pound, 90
1945 general election, 40, 68, 197, 201, 414
1946 nationalisation of coal industry, 34; nationalisation of Bank of England, 34, 119; National Insurance Act, 34
1948 creation of NHS, 34, 162, 166
1949 devaluation of pound, 21, 90
1951 nationalisation of steel industry, 34
1955 general election, 68
1959 general election, 40
1962 Gaitskell’s speech on Europe, 175
1963 death of Gaitskell, 40; Wilson’s ‘white heat’ speech, 41; Kinross and West Perthshire by-election, 41
1964 general election, 41; creation of Department of Economic Affairs, 133; Wilson declines to send troops to Vietnam, 249
1966 general election, 41; Brighton conference, 204
1967 Hamilton by-election, 56; devaluation of pound, 90–91
1968 resignation of Brown, 208
1970 Equal Pay Act, 237
1974 general elections, 31, 53–4
1976 IMF crisis, 31; local elections, 55; Perth conference, 55; Blackpool conference, 55
1977 local elections, 55
1978 Glasgow Garscadden by-election, 55–6; Hamilton by-election, 56; Brown appointed chair of Devolution Committee, 56; Scotland Act, 57; Winter of Discontent, 31, 108
1979 Winter of Discontent, 31; Scottish devolution referendum, 57; vote of no confidence, 57; general election, 57–8, 406
1981 Wembley conference, 68; deputy leadership election, 60; Foot castigated by Scottish Labour, 60–61
1982 Brown appointed vice chair of Scottish Labour, 60, 61
1983 Brown appointed chair of Scottish Labour, 60, 61; general election, 61–3, 65, 67–8, 75; Kinnock elected leader, 68–9
1984 miners’ strike begins, 71; shadow cabinet reshuffle, 71; Kinnock attempts to introduce ‘one member, one vote’, 87
1985 end of miners’ strike, 72; opposition to welfare reforms, 70; Bournemouth conference, 74; Dockyard Services Bill, 73–4
1987 general election, 75; Brighton conference, 77
1988 Budget, 77–8, 164; leadership election, 77, 78; Brown stands in as shadow chancellor, 78; Autumn Statement, 79; Govan by-election, 77
1989 Brighton conference, 79; Smith and Brown visit European capitals, 90
1992 Budget, 83; general election, 82–4; Smith elected leader, 85–6
1993 introduction of ‘one member, one vote’, 87–8; windfall tax proposal, 88–9; New Deal announced, 129
1994
death of Smith, 93–9; Swansea conference, 99; Granita deal, 100–101, 125; European elections, 94, 96, 100, 101; Blair elected leader, 101; Blair’s pledge on taxation, 101–2; Blair announces intent to repeal Clause IV, 102; international conference on new economics, 103–4; amendment to stop VAT increase, 103
1995 speeches on economic policy, 104; plan for Bank of England independence developed, 116; Brighton conference, 105
1996 Project Autumn, 106; Blackpool conference, 107; pensions dispute, 107–8
1997 meeting on tax policy, 108–9; Brown’s Today interview, 109–10; Brown’s New York speech, 176; chancellors’ debate, 110; general election, 29, 58, 61, 107–11, 113, 114–15, 149, 162; Brown appointed chancellor, 113; adoption of European Social Chapter, 174; Bank of England independence, 4, 112, 113–24; Budget, 127, 132, 134, 153, 162, 235; new rules on public finances announced, 131; DfID established, 136; introduction of windfall tax, 107; Uxbridge by-election, 177; Commonwealth Finance Ministers’ Conference, 137; debate on euro entry, 177, 178; Brown’s interview on euro, 178–9; ‘Brown Monday’, 180; Paisley South by-election, 111; Asian financial crisis, 124
1998 Blair proposes abolishing all income tax reliefs, 149; Budget, 132, 134, 149; Good Friday Agreement, 16, 17, 111; Human Rights Act, 112; Brown’s Ottawa and Harvard speeches, 124; National Minimum Wage Act, 133, 146, 367
1999 publication of National Changeover Plan, 181; Budget, 133–4, 139, 144, 147, 149; intervention in Kosovo War, 111, 249; introduction of tax credits, 4, 8, 112, 146; launch of Britain in Europe, 181; agreement on Third World debt, 138
2000 Blair’s Frost interview, 164; Budget, 149, 163; new auctioning for mobile-phone licences introduced, 132; intervention in Sierra Leone, 249; Brown’s Mansion House speech, 181; opposition to pan-European savings tax, 174–5; Pre-Budget Report, 143; Sunday Times fuel tax protests, 142–3; campaign against Brown, 189–90
2001 Blair’s statement on euro, 181–2; Budget, 164; foot-and-mouth outbreak, 164; Prescott punches man in Rhyl, 165; general election, 144, 164–5, 181, 440; introduction of children’s tax credit, 146; assessment of five tests begins, 174; invasion of Afghanistan, 269; Blair discusses Iraq with Bush, 251
2002 tax rise for NHS funding, 4, 112, 162–3, 167–8; Chequers meeting on Iraq, 251; Blair–Bush meeting in Crawford, 251; increase in children’s tax credit, 146; Blair–Bush Camp David meeting, 252; September dossier, 255–6; MoD options paper on Iraq, 255; dispute over foundation hospitals, 169–70; Enterprise Act, 134, 440
2003 Blair–Bush meeting at White House, 257; decision on tuition fees, 237; Budget, 152, 182; resignation of Cook, 259; invasion of Iraq, 31, 173, 249, 258–9; rejection of euro, 4, 112, 173–4, 182–4; introduction of child tax credit, 146; Hutton Inquiry begins, 184;
2004 vote on tuition fees, 238; Budget, 185; ten-year science plan announced, 133; Milburn appointed head of election campaign, 186; Brighton conference, 186; Blair announces third term, 186; Civil Partnership Act, 112