Miasma, 51
Miltown, 260, 261
Minor depressive disorder, 39
Modified Talbott Plan, 243
Mollusks, research on, 1–5
Monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 194–95
Monoamines, 194–95, 198, 277, 326
Morgan, Anne, 219, 333
Morgan, J. P., 219
Morrison, Kate, 307–8
Mourning, 108, 111–12, 119, 247, 249
ritual, 28, 31
see also Bereavement; Grief
“Mourning and Melancholia” (Freud), 111–12, 115, 118, 125
Murex bandaris, 43–44
Murex trunculus, 43–44
Murphy, Newton, 124
Myth of Mental Illness, The (Szasz), 237
Mytilus edulis, 2
Naphthalidine, 47
Napoleon III, Emperor of France, 44
National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association, 273
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 288, 317
National Institute on Drug Abuse, 266
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 174, 187, 194, 196, 234, 255, 270
Nature (journal), 326–27, 329
Nazis, 120, 121, 135, 186
Nervous depression, 93
Neurasthenia, 92–94, 96, 263
Neurosis, 121–23, 150, 181
depressive, 20, 183–84, 233, 239, 240, 242–44, 259–61, 302
diagnosis of, 235
electroconvulsive therapy for, 147–48
eliminated from DSM, 242–43, 250, 252, 344, 345
Neurotransmitters, 3–6, 159, 175, 177, 198–99, 267, 277
see also specific neurotransmitters
New England Journal of Medicine, 261, 274, 327
Newsweek, 272
New York Psychoanalytic Society, 124, 125
New York State Hospital Psychiatric Institute, 78
New York Stock Exchange, 120
New York Times, The, 122–24, 136, 147, 151, 185–86, 188–90, 303, 304, 310
Nihilism, therapeutic, 73–74, 86, 96, 139, 240
Nilevar, 191
Nixon, Richard, 215, 265–66
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), 175–76
Nobel Prize, 2, 10, 12, 53, 124, 137, 195, 196, 330
Noonday Demon, The (Solomon), 29
Norepinephrine, 195, 196, 267
Norethandrolone, 191
Nosology, 64, 99, 241, 243, 244
descriptive, 62
Freudian, 184
Kraepelinian, 68, 73, 78, 86, 88, 377n
Offerkrantz Complaint, 243
Old Gold cigarettes, 219–20
On the Edge of Darkness (Cronkite), 358
One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (Kesey), 41, 347
Opium, 51, 206
Opportunistic infections, 50
Oral Roberts University School of Medicine, 318
Organology, 66, 67
Osheroff, Rafael, 298–99
Osler, William, 83
Osmond, Humphrey, 165
Page, Irvine, 4–5
Papakostas, George, 102–4, 106, 130–32, 169, 171–74, 176–77, 253–54, 282–83, 286, 367
Paracelsus, 140
Paranoid schizophrenia, 41, 139, 145
Parens, Erik, 362
Parkinson’s disease, 10, 40, 194–95, 267, 327–28
Pasteur, Louis, 52, 53, 57
Patent medicines, 204
Paul, St., 192n
Pavlov, Ivan, 2, 3
Paxil, 269, 273, 275, 276, 278–79, 349, 350, 361
Peale, Norman Vincent, 313–14
Peirce, Charles, 87
Penicillin, 57–59, 181n, 211
Pepto-Bismol, 154
Perkin, William, 45, 47–49, 161, 195
Pessimism, 31, 33–37, 123, 353
Pfizer, Inc., 81, 181n, 269, 275, 281, 350
Pharmacopoeia, nineteenth-century, 50–51
Phenothiazine, 169, 179–81
Phobias, 183
Phoenicians, 44
Phrenology, 67, 322–26, 329
“Place of Psychology in Psychiatry, The” (Kraepelin), 65
Placebo effect, 51, 160, 217, 301, 332, 338, 356
in clinical trials, 8, 109, 201–4, 219, 254–56, 284–86, 306, 316
in cognitive therapy, 304, 306, 309
doctors use in practice of, 255, 270, 272
rejection of, 336
Plato, 52
Pliny the Elder, 44
Poe, Edgar Allan, 23, 323
Poison Squad, 206
Popper, Karl, 115, 331–32
Porter, Kingsley, 133
Porter, Mrs. Kingsley, 133, 134
Positron emission tomography (PET), 317, 329
Post-traumatic stress disorder, 118
Power of Positive Thinking, The (Peale), 313
Prefrontal cortex, 327, 333
Premature ejaculation (PE), 348, 349
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), 38–39
Princeton University, 366
Principles of Psychology (James), 87, 93–94
Progressive Era, 206
Project Flower, 243
Prontosil, 209
Protestantism, 192n
Prozac, 48, 62, 173, 272, 350–53, 355
fading of effectiveness of, 356
FDA approval of, 269
and increased risk of violent behavior and suicide, 270
introduction of, 6, 10–11
marketing of, 23, 204, 274–76, 281
neurotoxicity in high doses of, 154
relabeled as treatment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder, 38–39
serotonin syndrome caused by, 170
side effects of, 273
societal influence of, 361–62
Psychoanalysis, 9, 101, 121–26, 165, 183, 239, 286
cognitive therapy and, 288, 292
DSM-III and, 243
ego psychologist domination of, 121–22
lay practitioners of, 124–25, 149–50, 238
malpractice allegations against, 298–99
neuropsychiatry and, 330
neurosis treated by, 20
organic factors and, 149
unverifyability of, 115
Wortis and, 134–36
Psychopathia Sexualis (Krafft-Ebing), 133
Psychopharmacology, 9, 23, 178, 262, 268, 327
see also Antidepressants; specific drugs
Psychosis, 14, 262
affective, 147, 183
diagnosis of, 235
drug treatments for, 179–81, 298
in DSM, 14
involutional, 19, 71
LSD and, 163–64, 257
manic-depressive, 235, 259
shock treatments for, 139, 140, 144
see also Schizophrenia
PsychTracker, 358
Ptolemaic astronomy, 247–48
PubMed, 270
Punch magazine, 44
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906), 206
Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments (1962), 215, 216, 267, 299
Puritans, 192
Question of Lay Analysis, The (Freud), 124–25
Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomology (QIDS), 129
Quinine, 46–48, 202
Q-LES-Q, 129
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), 202, 216, 218–24
Rauwolfia Serpentina, 186–87
RCA Records, 23, 264
Reactive depression, 184, 259, 313
Reader’s Digest, 274
Realism, depressive, 117, 254
Receptive aphasia, 325
Recognizing the Depressed Patient (Ayd), 23, 262–65
Regier, Darrel, 342–44
Reichstag, 120
Reik, Theodor, 124, 137
Remington, Frederic, 91
Repetition compulsion, 118
Republican Party, 84
“Requiem” (Stevenson), 110
Requip, 41
Research Agenda for DSM-V, A (American Psychiatric Association), 345
Reserpine, 186–87, 194–96
Resilience, 33, 254, 286, 362, 366
antidepressants and, 327, 332, 334, 353, 354
cognitive therapy and, 293, 311, 314, 316
Restless leg syndrome (RLS), 40–41, 43
Reuptake mechanism, 196
inhibition of, see Monamine oxidase inhibitors; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Rhône-Poulenc, 179–80
Richardson-Merrell, Inc., 213–14
Riis, Jacob, 91
Rinkel, Max, 164
Rivers, Joan, 358
Rockefeller Institute, 167
Rockland State Hospital, 188
Romans, ancient, 50
Rome, University of, Clinic for Nervous and Mental Disorders, 143
Roosevelt, Franklin, 209
Roosevelt, Theodore, 91, 93
Rosenhan, David, 41–42, 62, 133, 135, 234, 250, 278, 279, 281, 324
Rosenzweig, Saul, 299–300
Royal College of Chemistry, 45
Ryff Well-Being Scale, 129
S.E. Massengill Company, 208–9
St. Anthony’s fire, 160
Sakel, Manfred, 136–37, 142, 145–46, 148, 150, 151, 175
Salisbury (ship), 216–17
Salvarsan, 57–58, 71, 208
SAM-e, 320
Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, 160–61, 163–65
Sarafem, 38–39
Schildkraut, Joseph, 196–97, 199, 267
Schizophrenia, 14
diagnosis of, 41, 228, 232, 235, 237, 239, 244
drugs for, 174, 179, 180, 182, 188
epilepsy and, 140, 145
psychedelic drug effects mimicking, 167
shock treatments for, 136, 138–39, 141–47, 152, 180
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 31, 128
Science (journal), 41, 133, 167, 194
Scurvy, 216–18
Sea View Hospital (New York), 185
Secrets of the Soul (Zaretsky), 121
Sedatives, 255
Seizures, induced, 140–143
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 6, 269–70, 327, 350–55
clinical trial performance of, 269, 348, 350
introduction in U.S. of, 8
lag in effectiveness after starting on, 174
marketing of, 269, 272–73, 277
original development in Sweden of, 10–11
premature ejaculation treated by, 348–49
side effects of, 270
societal influence of, 362–63
see also specific drugs
Senate, U.S., 213, 215
Anti-Trust and Monopoly Subcommittee, 212
Health and Scientific Research Subcommittee, 266
Judiciary Committee, 213
Serotonin, 2, 4–5, 158–60, 176, 198, 268–69, 319, 366
catecholamines and, 195, 196, 199
dopamine and, 194–95, 320
imbalance of, theory of, 6, 175, 187, 194, 274
LSD and, 166–68, 187
marketing and, 275
syndrome, 170
see also Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Shock treatments, 136–52, 179–81, 199, 259
electroconvulsive, 140–42, 144, 146–47, 150, 151, 177, 347
insulin, 136–39, 141, 144–46, 148–49, 151, 175
Shorter, Edwin, 94, 150, 299
Simpson, Frances, 190
Sinclair, Upton, 206
Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), 317–19, 329, 334
Sleeping sickness, 54, 55
Smallpox, 50, 52, 68
inoculation against, 56
SmithKline Beecham, 269, 273
Smith Kline and French (SK&F), 181, 206, 207, 259, 269
Snow, John, 50
Socratic method, 289, 312
Sokol, Leslie, 292–95, 305
Solomon, Andrew, 29, 338
Soma, 261
Spielmans, Glenn, 270–71
Spirochetes, 55, 57
Spitzer, Robert, 239–41, 243, 245, 246, 265
Spurzheim, Johann, 67, 322, 323
Standardized patients (SPs), 278–79, 281
Stanford University, 350
Steiger, Rod, 358
Steroids, 191
Stevenson, Adlai, 212
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 110
Stockholm syndrome, 130
Stock Market crash of 1929, 120
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), 61, 63, 64, 171
Styron, William, 29, 338
Subgenual cingulate cortex, 327
Substance abuse, 14, 170–74, 177–78, 279, 330
Suicide, 29, 133
antidepressants associated with, 11, 174, 223, 270, 273, 354
electroconvulsive therapy and decrease in, 146–47
prevention of, 12, 72, 231
thoughts of, 129, 226, 230, 244
Sulfa drugs, 209–11
Sumerians, 27, 365
Supreme Court, U.S., 207–8, 211, 215
Symposium in Blues (record album), 23, 264–65
Systema Naturae (Linnaeus), 69
Syphilis, 50, 55–57, 67, 68, 70, 71, 87, 90
treatments for, 56–58, 159–61
Szasz, Thomas, 237
Tabes dorsalis, 57
Tabula rasa, 99–100
Tachyphylaxis, 356
Talbott Plan, 243
Temporal lobes, 319
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 4
Thalamus, 319, 328
Thalidomide, 213–15
Therapeutic nihilism, 73–74, 86, 96, 139, 240
Theriac, 51
“This Be the Verse” (Larkin), 106–7, 110
Thomas, Lewis, 202–3
Thorazine (chlorpromazine), 180–83, 191
Thuillier, Jean, 168
Time magazine, 272
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 360, 363–65
Tofranil, 265
Tranquilizers, 180, 213, 283
minor, 260–61, 265, 266
see also specific drugs
Transcranial magnetic stimulation, 247
“Transience” (Freud), 118
Trauma, 118–20, 233, 241, 320, 321
childhood, 289
Tricyclic antidepressants, 261–62, 267, 269, 270, 298, 303, 347