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INDEX
‘A.K.’ (Kishen Singh) 329
Aborigines
Cook’s impressions of 158
cricketers brought to England 293–4
decline in population 124
and expedition to cross Australia (1860–1) 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306
Abruzzi, Luigi di Savoia-Aosta, Duke of 404–9, 414, 466
climbs Matterhorn and Mount St Elias 404
buys Stella Polare 404
miniature hydrogen balloon 406
frostbitten 406
Cagni takes over 406
frees Stella Polare 409
climbing K2 409
Abyssinia 346
Adam (voyageur) 224
Adams, Robert (a.k.a. Benjamin Rose) 245
Adelaide 297, 303
Adele, King 237
Adélie Land 264
Aden 21, 44, 312
Admiral Tegetthoff (ship) 353, 355, 356, 358, 367
Admiralty
Discovery crew brought before (1611) 94
congratulates Cook 160
Barrow holds post of Second Secretary in (1804–47) 121, 246
Ross delivers findings to (1818) 210
Parry presents journal to 216
Lander presents findings to (1831) 241
and Ross’s expedition (1829–33) 256, 257, 262
and Franklin’s expedition (1845–50) 271, 273, 274, 281, 283
Markham urges to undertake further Arctic exploration 361, 366
Churchill as First Lord of 444
Shackleton wires volunteering expedition for war service 445
receives news of Shackleton 458
Adventure (ship) 160, 161, 162, 163
advertisements 291
aeroplanes 477, 485–6, 487
Afghanistan 13, 326
Africa 19, 31, 121, 122, 180, 289–90, 294
on mappaemundi 4
Ptolemy’s view of 5
European view of 5
Portuguese trade 6
slave trade 6
Ibn Battuta in 18, 21–2, 27–9
early Portuguese exploration of 42–3, 44–5
Gama explores coast of (1497–9) 46–7, 49–50
Almeida instructed to establish fortified bases along coast of (1504) 51
Del Cano on coast of (1522) 60–1
Banks sponsors expeditions to 120
expedition of Parks to (1805) 120, 228
quest for the Niger (1821–31) 228–42
journeys seeking Timbuctoo (1824–8) 243–55
assortment of adventurers in 292–3
search for source of Nile (1857–65) 308–15
Livingstone in 290, 294, 343–6, 347
Stanley in (1871–7) 290, 346–52
Foureau’s journey in (1899–1900) 398–403
see also names of countries and places
African Association 120, 245
African Choir 293
Agadez 401–2
Sultan of 401
Aimable (ship) 110, 111, 114
airships see Zeppelins
Akaitcho (Indian chief) 220, 224, 225
al-Tuzri, Abdullah 21, 22, 23
Aladdin’s Cave 433, 441, 442, 443
Alaska, 131, 132, 133, 137, 170, 369, 404, 477
Albert, Prince 345
Aldrich, Lieutenant Pelham 363, 364
Alert (ship) 361, 364, 365, 382
Aleutian Islands 132–3, 166, 275
Alexander (ship) 207, 209, 210
Alexander II, Tsar 359
Alexander Archipelago 131
Alexandra, Queen 447
Alexandria 19, 27, 44
Algeria 289, 398
Algoa Bay 42
Almeida, Francisco d’ 51
Alpine Club 462, 465
Alps 120, 123, 171–9, 188, 295, 316–25
Amazon River 63, 69–71, 144, 145, 146, 181, 183, 185, 186
Amazons 69–70
America
discovery by Europeans 7, 41
and Vespucci 63
expeditions to discover link between Russia and 125–37
see also Central America; North America; South America; names of countries
American Philosophical Society 195
American Revolution 119
Amsterdam 75, 76, 82
Amundsen, Roald 165, 270, 420, 444
opinion of Collinson 281
inspired by Franklin 285
aware of money-spinning potential of exploration 291
description 426
expedition to South Pole (1911–12), 292, 426–31
equipment 426
passes Shackleton’s furthest south 427
reaches South Pole 428
British view at home 430–1
praises Shackleton 460
fails in attempt to reach North Pole by plane 477
and Nobile’s expedition in the Norge 477, 478
attempts to rescue Nobile 484
disappearance 485, 487–8
Anadyr River 127
Anatolia 22
Andes 64, 66, 67, 139, 144, 324
Pizarro in (1541–2) 65, 68
Condamine in (1736–9) 142–3, 181
Humboldt and Bonpland in 187
Andoas 147, 148
Andrée, Salomon August 392–7
experiments with ballooning 392
heads for Pole in Eagle balloon 393–4
remains of camp found 30 years later 394, 396–7
Andrée heads for Franz Josef Land 395
drifts near White Island 396
Andrew Ross Island 257, 258
Andriesz, Claes 81
Angola 50, 351
Angostura (now Ciudad Bolivar) 186
Antarctic Circle 265, 269, 447
Antarctica 121, 271, 294, 418
Cook instructed to search for Great Southern Continent 155–6
Cook enters 160–1, 163–4, 170
Cook’s assessment of 164–5
Bellinghausen’s expedition (1820) 264
Dumont d’Urville first to land on mainland 124, 264
renewed interest in 264
Wilkes’s expedition (1838) 264
Ross’s expedition (1839–43) 122, 264–70, 422
Nares investigates (1870S) 422
De Gerlache’s expedition (1897–9) 422
Borchgrevink’s expedition (1898–1900) 422
Scott’s expedition (1900–4) 423
Shackleton’s expedition (1907–8) 423
Scott’s expedition (1911–12) 290, 423–31
Amundsen’s expedition (1911–12) 426, 427, 428, 429, 430–1
Mawson’s expedition (1911–13) 432–43
Shackleton’s expedition (1914–16) 444–61
anti-scorbutics
beer mistakenly thought to be 167, 212
fat 94, 259–60
fresh meat 135, 151
lemon juice 278, 364, 366, 377
lime juice 259, 297
mustard-and-cress 212, 214
rum seen as effective for camels 297
sauerkraut 151
scurvy grass 81–2, 101–2, 133, 136
vegetables 259
used on Cook’s expedition 151, 167, 170
used on John Ross’s expedition 259–60
used on James Clark Ross’s expedition 265
used by Nansen 385
Antilia 31
Appalachian Mountains 105, 194
Arabia 6, 16, 19, 21, 22, 29, 44, 50, 51
Arabs 47, 48, 51
Aral Sea 23
Archangel 73, 404, 485
Arctic 120, 194, 264, 293, 294, 295, 422, 426, 461