Newala, 266, 270, 337–8; Germans capture, 272–5, 318–19, 340–2, 349–50
Newbridge, 69
Ngare Nairobi, 66n
Ngerengere station, 246
Ngombeni, 80
Ngominyi, 254–5, 257, 307
Ngorongoro, 313
Nguru Mountains, 207, 240–1, 314
Ngwembe, 276–7, 302
Nhamacurra, 375–7
Nhica, 267, 270
Niassa province, 373
Niemir, Lieutenant, 335
Nieuwenhuizen, Piet, 179, 195
Nigeria, 299, 301
Nigerian Brigade, 276–7, 299, 301–2, 330–1, 333, 342; campaign ends, 344, 366
Nile, River, 1–2, 215, 349; Blue, 219
Niororo Island, 70, 85–6, 88
Njombe, 235, 254, 307; hospital, 265; Germans reach, 383–4
Njoro drift, 178, 180–1, 183–4
Nongwenongwe, chief, 320
North Keeling Island, 69
North Pare Mountains, 19, 206; see also Pare Mountains
Northern Frontier District, 158
Northern Railway, 170; and German withdrawal and British advance, 189, 191, 194, 196–7, 199, 201, 204–8; Bockmann attacks, 314
Northern Rhodesia, 14, 22, 99–100, 387; defence of, 32–3, 95–7, 172, 224; European population, 32; German threat to, 108–10, 146, 383–5; British advance from, 175; and British supply lines, 264, 286, 289; threat to border, 307, 309
Northern Rhodesia Police, 32–3, 99, 109, 175, 232–3; and German withdrawal, 254, 257, 263; and Wintgens raid, 309–10; commander relieved, 326; and German retreat, 366, 379–80, 383; renamed Northern Rhodesia Regiment, 385
Northern Rhodesia Regiment, 385, 387
Northey, General Edward, 175–6, 298, 345, 383, 385; commands offensive, 232–8, 242; and German withdrawal, 249, 252, 254–5, 257–8, 261–6, 344; supply lines and communications, 264–5; character and achievements, 265–6; commands Mahenge front, 301, 306–8, 310–11, 319, 324–6; and German retreat, 339, 366–8; succeeded by Hawthorn, 379; praises carriers, 393
Ntale, chief, 107
Ntchichira, 273
Ntokiibiri, chief, 158
Nubians, 256
Numarroe, 380
Nuri Bey, 215
Nussey, Colonel A.H.M., 247–8
Nyangao, 330–2
Nyanza, 98, 105–6, 225
Nyasa, Lake, 13, 34, 87, 270, 344, 367, 382, 385; attack on Hermann von Wissmann, 19n, 20, 31; and Stevenson Road, 80, 265; naval supremacy on, 97–8; and Ethiopian frontier, 219; and British supply lines, 264; Germans hold out, 306–7, 309, 319
Nyasaland, 13–14, 175, 257, 320, 344, 366; telegraph connection cut, 20; defence of, 31–2, 129; European population, 31; Portuguese incursions, 139; Chilembwe Rebellion, 161–5, 320; British advance from, 175, 232; and British supply lines, 264–5, 346; total population, 265; army recruitment in, 299; invasion threat, 306; British secure, 367–8; influenza epidemic, 395
Nyasaland Field Force, 31
Nyasaland Times, 162, 163n
Nyasaland Volunteer Force, 163
Nyeri district, 397
Nyindo, chief, 157–8
Odebrecht, Lieutenant, 146, 150
O’Grady, Colonel (later General) H. de C., 259, 275–6, 301, 327, 329–31
Oizulo, 343
Okuzi Island, 70
Oldeani, Mt, 314
Olsen, Major (later Colonel) Frederik, 33, 97, 109–10, 146, 173n, 224, 230
Omdurman, battle of, 151
Oppen, Lieutenant, 51, 54, 82
Orange Free State, 125, 127
Orr, Colonel G.M., 328n, 330–1
Orta, Lieutenant, 230
Ostend, 74, 114
Ostorog, Count Leon, 212
O’Sullevan, J.J., 33, 99, 109
Otavifontein, 185
Otranto, 349
Ott, Lieutenant, 381
Otto, Captain Ernst, 56, 81–2, 202; and withdrawal from German East Africa, 240, 247–8, 259, 275–7, 302; action at Mahenge, 325–6; and retreat into Portuguese East Africa, 334, 342–3, 367–8
Ottoman Empire, 212–13, 215, 219, 222
Outram, George, 104
Ovambo people, 354
Page, Walter, 21, 24–5
Paice, Arnold, 27n
Pais, Sidónio, 344, 363–4, 373, 378n Palma, 143–4, 267, 269–70, 274, 322
Pangani, 51, 245
Pangani River, 206–7
Paradis, Père, 256
Pare Mountains, 45, 178, 197; see also North Pare Mountains
Paterson, Lieutenant-Commander, 72–3
Payne, Adam, 396
Pemba, 35, 80
Pemba Hill, 118, 120
Percy Anderson, 105
Pere Hills, 381
Perks, Lieutenant, 202
Persia, 193n, 213n Peters, Carl, 352, 355
Philp, Revd Horace, 397
Picquet Hill, 252, 260
Pienaar’s Heights, 199
Pike, Dr, 393–4
Pinto, Major Teixeira, 340
Pioneer Mail, 59
Plaatje, Solomon, 296
Planet, 116
Pocock, Roger, 103
Poppe, Lieutenant (later Captain) Max, 50, 53, 341, 380
Poroto Mountains, 234
Port Nyassa, 143
Port Sulaiman, 215
Porto Amelia, 22, 143, 367, 371, 373; expeditionary forces arrive, 140–2: German threat, 319, 341, 343; British troops stationed, 344, 365
Portugal: colonial policies, 2–3, 5, 23, 173, 321–2; neutrality, 136–7, 364; enters war, 138–40, 250, 266–75; nature of colonial rule, 139, 161, 319–21, 399; and post-war agreements, 231; peace overtures to Germany, 344, 364; post-war threat to colonies, 351; conduct of war, 363–4; East Africa campaign ends, 377–8; and Versailles Conference, 400
Portuguese Brigade, 318
Portuguese East Africa, 86, 139, 209, 318–23; neutrality, 14, 67; and outbreak of war, 22–3; German sailors interned, 116; enters war, 136–7; relations with Britain, 136–9, 142, 318, 318–23; expeditionary forces arrive, 140–1, 267, 269; indigenous troops, 141; limits of government control, 142–3; communications with Germany, 143–4; threat of Muslim uprising, 212; invasion threat, 267, 275, 332, 335; Germans enter, 299, 319, 338–40, 387; rebellions, 320–2, 368, 377; importance to British war aims, 346; and post-war agreements, 351, 353; market in women, 364; recruitment of carriers, 365–7, 374; maps, 366; indigenous population, 367, 389; area of operations, 383n; influenza epidemic, 396
Portuguese Navy, 365
Portuguese West Africa, 23, 128, 139, 321, 384; German incursions, 141, 318; and post-war agreements, 351, 353
Pour le Mérite, 122, 261, 309n, 344, 349, 384
POWs, 319n, 357, 384, 389
Powys, Llewelyn, 394
Präsident, 67
Pretoria, 153, 298; Bishop of, 205
Pretoria Star, 185
Pretorius, Piet, 86–7, 115–16, 119–21, 123, 194–5
Price, Colonel Charles, 246
Prince, Captain Tom von, 19, 53, 57, 244
Proempeler, Karl, 109
Puchapucha, 342
Pugu, 18, 29
Pweto, 109
Quaresma, Major, 339–40
Quelimane, 162, 374–7, 379
quinine, 132, 206, 268, 304, 319, 336, 372, 376, 386
Ras Kasone, 43, 45–8, 52, 56–7, 66
Ras Mikael, Emperor, 219
Ras Tafari Makonnen (Haile Selassie), Emperor, 221
Reata Hill, 189–91, 193
Red Cross, 38, 67, 256
Redwood, Sir Boverton, 70n
Regone, 380
Reitz, Deneys, 195
Renkin, Jules, 96–7
Rheinfels, 41
Rhineland, occupied, 357, 387
Rhoades, Captain, 20, 22
Rhodesia Native Regiment, 255, 257, 263; and Wintgens raid, 306, 309–10; and German retreat, 366, 379–80
Ribeira de Newala, 272, 274
&n
bsp; Rift Valley, 200; lakes, 97–8
Ritchie, Commander, 72–3
Ritter, Signalman, 68
Roberts, Lord, 5, 103, 127
Robley-Browne, Surgeon, 89
Rodger, Colonel E., 232, 234, 236, 238, 254
Rombo, 39
Rondo, Mt, 341
Rose, Colonel Richard, 344, 367
Rosenthal, Lieutenant, 146–8
Ross-Adam Trading Company, 13
Rothe, Captain Wilhelm, 16n, 43, 271–3
Rothert, Captain Paul, 37, 198
Rouling, Major, 224, 226–7
Routh, Captain (later Major) G.M., 75, 200, 278–9
Rovuma River, 22, 86, 141–2, 306–7, 368; Portuguese cross, 250, 267–70, 272–4; Anglo-Portuguese co-operation on, 319, 322; and German retreat, 337–42, 344–5, 349, 369, 376, 382–5
Rovuma, 15
Rowland, Private, 285n
Royal Australian Navy, 69, 88
Royal Flying Corps, 179, 298
Royal Fusiliers, 103, 105, 107, 259n, 329n Royal Marines, 87, 250
Royal Naval Air Service, 85–7, 113, 178, 245, 303; armoured cars, 180–1
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, 70, 100–1
Royal Navy: control of high seas, 2; and outbreak of war, 14–16, 18, 23; and open port policy, 34; losses, 37; and Tanga landing, 42, 45, 57, 60; and hunt for Königsberg, 67–9, 87, 89–90, 92, 116, 123; southern hemisphere operations, 69; blockade of East African coast, 71, 85; and Dar-es-Salaam ambush, 72–3; stages ‘demonstration’, 75; and Portuguese East Africa, 144, 270; captures Tanga, 208, 244–5; congratulated on Lake Tanganyika Expedition, 233–4; captures Bagamayo, 245–6; and fall of Dar-es-Salaam, 246; effect of rains on, 303
Ruaha River, 247, 325
Ruanda, 94, 96–7, 104, 107–8, 401; anti-British feeling, 157–8, 164; Muslim uprising, 222–3; Belgians occupy, 224–6, 229, 232, 284, 316–17, 335; White Fathers’ accounts of, 228–9; end of German rule, 293; conscription of carriers, 398; ceded to Belgium, 400
Ruckteschell, Walther von, 330, 338–40, 375, 388
Rufiji River, 251, 258–9, 276, 303; delta, 15, 143, 194, 271, 303, 324; and hunt for Königsberg, 24, 34, 67–71, 79–80, 84–7, 89, 92–3, 148–50; destruction of Königsberg, 113–24; front, 271, 277, 293, 297, 300–5, 325–6; ferry attacked by hippo, 302
Ruhudje River, 237, 249, 252–3, 255, 258, 261–4, 324
Rungwe, Lake, 233
Ruponda, 330–1
Rusinga, 105
Rusisi River, 145–6; front, 149, 173n, 174; Belgians cross, 224–5
Russell, Lieutenant, 18, 46, 50, 58–9
Rutchuru, 95, 97, 157, 173
Ruvu station, 246
Ruvuvu River, 226
Ruvu River, 192, 194, 207
Rwonga Hill, 105
Sá Teixeira, Captain, 269
Sabaki River, 156
Sadani, 245
Sadler, Major Hayes, 275
Sagale, 221
Saidi, 326
St Moritz Mission, 309–10, 383
Saisi, 109–10, 145–6, 232
Saisi River, 99, 309
Salaita Hill, 19; first ‘show’, 177–86, 199, 203, 332; subsequent advance on, 188, 190
Salale, 24, 34, 67–9, 122
Salamander, 89
Salisbury, 233
Sandbach kopje, 63–4
Sankisia, 111–12
Sanusi tribesmen, 214–16, 222, 349
Sanya River, 189, 192–3
Sargent, Colonel, 311
Sassawala, 23
Sayyid Ahmad, 214–16
Sayyid Idris, 216
Sayyid Mohammed Abdille Hassan (‘Mad Mullah’), 217–18, 222
Schanoa, 312
Schedelmann, Hans, 349
Scherbening, Otto von, 343, 369, 388
Schiller, Lieutenant Erich, 80
Schimmer, Captain Karl, 96
Schlobach, Major Gaston, 271
Schnee, Ada, 19n, 38, 59, 356
Schnee, Heinrich: open port policy and Königsberg, 15–17, 34, 42; power struggle with von Lettow-Vorbeck, 17–22; neutrality initiative, 21–2, 24–5; mobilisation and defence of German East Africa, 26, 28, 38, 43–4, 50; agrees to defend Dar-es-Salaam, 72; resourcefulness, 131–2; refusal to surrender, 132; communications with Germany, 143–4, 209; fear of rebellion, 164–5; orders crescent flag flown, 212, 223; uses forced labour, 287; continues to hold out, 293, 304; confers with von Lettow-Vorbeck, 332–3; estimate of numbers at Negomano, 340n; in German retreat, 343, 370–1; and airlift attempt, 350; attitude to Africans, 354–6, 398; possible evacuation, 367; loses personal effects, 370; blamed by von Lettow-Vorbeck, 373; records hardships, 382; and German defeat, 384–5; carriers desert, 386; and end of war, 387–8; campaigns for restoration of colonies, 390
Schönfeld, Captain Werner, 84, 87, 115, 122; transferred to Lake Tanganyika, 148–9; and defence of Northern Railway, 206; and Mahenge action, 324–6; opposes British advance, 334; and Tafel’s surrender, 342
Schrötter, Lieutenant Freiherr Louis von, 253, 381
Schuckmannsburg, 33, 99
Schulz, Captain (later Major) Hans, 37, 81, 145, 191, 342n; and first Salaita ‘show’, 180, 182–3; and German withdrawal, 240, 247, 259, 275–6; holds Newala, 332; captured, 381
Schutztruppe, 3, 5–6; anniversary celebrations, 13; numbers, 14, 28n, 39, 60, 81n, 105, 131, 171–2, 251, 337; mobilised, 15–17; failures, 37; askari, 37, 58, 76, 207, 388; deployments completed, 39; sickness rates, 131; uniforms, 193; morale, 319, 348; desertions, 332, 368, 384, 386; sick left behind, 336–7; scorched earth tactics, 354–6; women accompany, 368, 382; hardships of retreat, 382; weakness, 385; surrender of weaponry, 388
scouts: Masai, 63; Belfield’s, 179–82; Nandi (‘Skin Corps’), 225, 227n, 312–13; Northey’s, 266; Cohen’s, 322, 342; see also Nieuwenhuizen, Piet; Pretorius, Piet seaplanes, 70–1, 85–7, 151, 229–30, 245, 303; see also biplanes
Sebea River, 224
Seitz, Dr, 124, 388
Selke, Lieutenant, 381
Selous, F.C., 104
Serengeti, 154, 177, 180, 183
Seymour, Captain, 46–7, 53
Shangugu, 224
Sheppard, Colonel (later General) S.H., 57, 192, 206; and German withdrawal, 240, 247, 259, 276; Chief of Staff to van Deventer, 300–1; receives German prisoners, 389–90
Shimber Berris, 217
Shorthose, Colonel W., 319, 326, 334
Sicumbiriro, 273
Sikonge, 243
Silva, Major Leopoldo da, 272, 274
Silveira, Major da, 267–8
Simba Uranga, 68, 120
Singh, Colonel Raghbir, 81–2
Singh, Major-General Natha, 82
Singida, 311
Sithole, Ndabaningi, 161
Slattery, Lieutenant, 257
slave trade, 139, 155, 161–2, 222, 288
slavery, accusations of, 282, 287, 353, 355, 370
Smith-Dorrien, General Sir Horace, 5, 151–3, 187, 194–5, 345
Smuts, General Jan: recognises importance of campaign, 4; political career, 125–6, 128–30, 135, 151–2, 169, 266; assumes command, 153, 170, 174; and Salaita catastrophe, 184–5; conduct of offensive, 187–201, 206–8; arrogance, 192–4; reorganisation, 195; risks failure at Kondoa, 204–5; and Belgian advance, 225–6, 228, 243; consults with British, 235, 237; advances on Central Railway, 240–1; and capture of Bagamayo, 245; and German withdrawal, 247–51, 258–9, 276–7; and withdrawal of South African troops, 250, 297; congratulates von Lettow-Vorbeck, 261n; faces criticisms, 266, 294, 297; and Portuguese, 269–70, 272, 275; attends Imperial War Conference, 277, 293, 297, 321; and supply chain, 280, 286; premature declaration of victory, 293–4, 298, 300, 303, 345; and racial policies, 296; and Hoskins’s dismissal, 300, 315; relations with Belgians, 316–17; orders to van Deventer, 326; and airlift attempt, 350; and African troops, 366; and outcome of Versailles conference, 400
Solf, Dr Wilhel
m, 2, 18, 25, 351–2, 354, 388
Solûm, 216, 349
Somali, 19, 35, 68
Somalia, 158, 214
Somaliland, 52, 217, 219, 222; see also French Somaliland; Italian Somaliland Somaliland Field Force, 217
Somalis, 158, 212–13, 219, 222; rumoured invasion by, 311, 313
Songea, 237, 250, 261–4, 265, 306, 310, 322, 334, 383
Songwe River, 31, 234, 309
Sorensen, Lieutenant Conrad, 209
Sousa Rosa, Colonel Tómas de, 322, 339–40, 343, 363–4, 368, 373–8
South Africa, 86–8, 103, 116, 133, 310; and Boer War, 1–2; gold and diamond reserves, 1; rebellions, 62, 126–9, 153; conquest of German South-West Africa, 109–10, 119, 125, 128–9, 132, 135–6, 141, 153; and British Empire, 125–6, 129–30, 135, 169, 296; German settlers, 125; strikes, 128–9; political situation, 129–30, 134, 151, 153, 187, 196, 293–5, 303; and Portuguese East Africa, 143–4; and German East Africa offensive, 151, 153–4, 169–71, 184–5; impact of Salaita catastrophe, 184–5; and Sanusi threat, 215; ‘Forgotten Army’, 232n; troops return, 250, 266, 297; and British supply lines, 264; civil war threat, 293, 303; anti-British feeling, 294; cost of living, 294; racial policies and Land Act, 295–7, 394–5; POWs in, 357; newspapers, 364; influenza epidemic, 395–7; absence of post-war reassessment, 399; and Versailles Conference, 400
South African Motor Cycle Corps, 204
South African Mounted Rifles, 128–9, 175–6, 235–7, 249, 254; and Mkapira action, 252–3; deaths from influenza, 396
Southern Rhodesia, 33, 143, 320–1; Portuguese incursions, 139; Ndebele Rebellion, 164; British secure, 367–8; influenza epidemic, 397
Spalding, Lieutenant, 82
Spangenburg, Walter, 329, 369, 371, 385–8, 395
Spee, Admiral von, 15, 69, 100
Sphinxhaven Bay, 20
Spicer-Simson, Lieutenant-Commander Geoffrey Basil, 100–1, 110, 112, 145–51, 229–30; idiosyncrasies, 147; relations with Belgians, 151, 172, 229; end of expedition and subsequent career, 233–4
Sprockhoff, Lieutenant Leonhard, 211, 268, 271–2
Staaken, 348, 350
Stache, Hans, 288
Stanleyville, 95, 173
Steinhäuser, Leopold, 329
Stemmermann, Captain Paul, 64, 191, 193, 202; and withdrawal from German East Africa, 240, 247; and Portuguese, 271–2; and retreat into Portuguese East Africa, 342n, 343
Stennett, Major, 32
Stent, Vere, 185
Stevenson Road, 80, 99, 265
Stewart, General James, 27, 45, 74, 94, 194n; Mombasa conference, 41, 63, 65; leads Bukoba attack, 105–6; march from Longido and dismissal, 188–9, 191–3, 195, 199