Henry Ford II and, 482, 544-546, 547-548
Iacocca and, 479, 480, 481, 519, 523, 547, 556, 557, 560, 561-562
on Japanese factory tour, 734
K car and, 560, 568, 571
on manufacturing vs. finance, 505-506
Minivan and, 571-573, 575-576
on nonconformance, 734
on small cars, 520-521
on suppliers, 735
Spindletop oil field, 75-76
Standard & Poor’s, 38
Standard Oil, 75, 76, 78
starter motors, 324-325
State Department, U.S., 327
statistical control systems, 202
Statue of Liberty restoration project, 684-685
Stearns, Frederick, 188
Stearns, Philip, 187
steel industry, Japanese, 24, 274-276, 303, 396-397, 582-583, 695-696
steel industry, U.S., 53-54, 582, 695-696
Ford’s agreement with, 621-622
vanadium breakthrough in, 71
Steinberg, Saul, 230
Steinbrenner, George, 685
Stevenson, Adlai, 521
Stewart, Jackie, 672
Stockman, David, 745
Stokesbury, Edward, 86
Stone, Donald, 268-269, 270
Studebaker, 329, 638
suburbs, 352
subway system, Japanese, 302
Suez Canal crisis, 457
Sugita, Akira, 452
superautomation, 48, 708
Supplemental Unemployment Benefits (SUB), 613
suppliers, Japanese, 451-454
suppliers, U.S., 43
in Korean ventures, 713, 714-715
standard of purchasing from, 735
Suppliers Union, 453
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), 110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 117, 119-120
suribachi trials, 150-151, 152, 165
Suzuki, Takashi, 411-414, 454
Sward, Keith, 71, 72
Syria, 458, 462
Taiwan, 24, 706, 715
Takagi, Teiji, 282
Takeda, Rennosuke, 174, 175
Tamura, Kinichi, 393-394
Tanabe, Kuniyuki, 156
as Kawamata’s ally, 399
on U.S. imports engineering team, 297-301
Tanaka, Hanshichi, 171, 172, 174, 175
Tanaka, Kanichi, 269-270
Tanaka, Minoru, 279-286, 309-310
background of, 279-284
at Nissan, 284-285, 309-311
Tanaka, Sanosuke, 170-178, 414-423, 726-727
background of, 171-176
as middle class, 418-419
Ohju Hosho award presented to, 618-619
Shioji and, 414-415
work attitudes of, 170-171
tariffs, 637
Taubman, Al, 681
Taubman, Judy, 681
Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 71-72
Taylorism, 71-73
Teamsters, International Brotherhood of, 338
Teapot Dome scandal, 77
technology, 28, 710
Teeter, Robert, 50-51
Telnack, Jack, 662-665, 666
Teran, Javier Espinosa, 699-700
Texaco, 328
Texas Instruments, 229
Thatcher, Margaret, 647, 648, 650-651
Thimmesch, Nick, 554
Thomas, Norman, 343
Thomas, R. J., 346
Thompson, Jim, 634
Thornton, Charles Bates, 201-204, 250, 386
Tilton, Newell, 192
Time, 374, 473, 570
tobacco industry, 702-703
Tobata Casting, 130, 400
Tohatsu motorbikes, 307
Tokuda, Kyuichi, 116-118, 142
Tokyo summit (1986), 743
Tokyo University (Todai), 18-19, 137, 138-139, 282-284
Touche Ross firm, 553, 559
Townsend, Lynn, 42, 246, 498, 553-556
background of, 553
personal qualities of, 555-556
UAW and, 558-559
Toynbee, Arnold, 24
Toyoda, Eiji, 81
Toyoda, Keiichi, 124
Toyota, 126, 132, 147, 152, 165, 184, 431, 444, 589
import restraints opposed by, 627-628
just-in-time theory practiced at, 81
layoffs avoided by, 124
as leading import, 513
Motomachi plant of, 395-396
Nissan vs., 304, 395-396, 647
Toyopet, 304 U.S. plant for, 736
trading companies, Japanese (shosha), 294
transfer machines, 393-394
transmissions, automatic, 243, 465
Transportation Department, U.S., 512-513
Tremulis, Alex, 663, 664
Tritex, 227
Truman, Harry S, 105, 121
Trump, Donald, 685
Tsai, Gerry, 227-230
Tsubura, Kisaburo, 161
Tudeh party, 15-16
Tunisia, 698
Ultralonix, 227
Umetani, Shunichiro, 409-411
unemployment:
in Michigan, 49, 50-51, 609
technology and, 709
unemployment benefits, 615
United Aircraft, 692
United Auto Workers (UAW), 4, 331
benefits negotiated by, 466
Chrysler and, 558-559, 567
criticisms of wage settlements under, 593
employment decline and, 708
Ford contracts with, 244, 622
GM contracts with, 45, 348-349
Henry Ford II and, 469
Honda and, 735
International Harvester strike called by, 166
Japanese plant as objective for, 586-588, 591
Local 174, 344-345
members estranged from leaders in, 489-490, 493-495
Nissan and, 586-588, 590-593, 634, 636, 643
organizing drives by, 344-346
PEG plan and, 655-656, 657
protectionism supported by, 620, 625
younger members in, 489-490, 493-496
see also Reuther, Walter
arms race drain on, 745
autos as status symbols in, 41, 294-295
individualistic capitalism in, 20
industrial decline in, 36-37
middle class in, 323
as oil culture, 25-26, 28-31, 77-79
as oil power, 77-78
public education in, 746-747
service sector in, 37-38, 745-746
United States Trust Company, 10
Unsafe at Any Speed (Nader), 501-502
Usami, Masataka, 431-432
U.S. Steel, 53-54, 231, 695-696
Valenti, Jack, 673
Vass, Sev, 210
Vaughan, William, 714-715
Veraldi, Lou, 665
Vietnam War, 4, 350-351, 366-367, 493
Vilas-Fischer, 738
Vincent, George, 214-220
Vogel, Ezra, 487
Volkswagen, 269, 292, 300-301, 349, 431, 513
Beetle, 310, 449, 518, 520
Nissan and, 310, 430
Rabbit, 12, 523
U.S. market share for, 443, 444-445, 449
Wada, Hiroo, 114
wages:
$5 day standard for, 84-85
at Ford, 519, 621, 622
Fraser on, 593
indexing of, 621
in Korea, 716
at Nissan, 409
under UAW, 593
Wainwright, Jonathan, 107
Wakatsuki, Nobe, 294-296, 299, 301
Wall Street, 225-227
Ford and, 245-246, 256, 485, 551
go-go market on, 227, 231-232, 245-246
in hostile takeovers, 689-690, 693-696
old industrial vs. new companies on, 232
portfolio managers on, 227-230
stocks driven up on, 246
talent flow to, 231-232
Wall Street Journal, 84, 235, 385,
692, 699-700
War Department, U.S., 316
Warren, Louis, 556
Washington Post, 500-501, 503
Watanabe, Saburo, 418
Watergate break-in, 493
Waud, Neil, 241
Weeks, George, 51
Weidenbaum, Murray, 626
Weinberg, Sidney, 223-224, 225, 474, 486-487, 528
Wendland, Michael, 601
Western Electric, 317
Western Electric Control Book, 317
West Germany, see Germany, Federal Republic of
Wheeling Steel, 342
Whitehead, John, 224-225
Who’s Who in America, 669
Wiesmyer, Max, 235, 238-242
Willys-Overland, 331, 335
Wilson, Charlie, 20, 41-42, 336, 337, 347
Wilson, Harold, 746
Wilson, Woodrow, 60
Winchell, Frank, 521
Withrow, Jack, 560
Wood, Leonard, 77
Woodcock, Leonard, 184, 489
Shioji and, 184, 408
Woodcock, Leslie, 350-351
workers, Japanese:
Ikeda’s program for, 303-304
living standards of, 24
social ambitions of, 277-278
strikes by, 643-644
world car, 554
World War I, 26, 77
World War II, 27-28, 96, 154-155, 201-202, 326-327
Wright, Jim, 212-213, 603
Wright, Patrick, 13, 330
Xerox Corporation, 229, 231, 255, 509, 557
Yamamato, Shoji, 131, 143
Yamani, Ahmed, 458, 461-464
yen crisis (1986), 743-744
Yntema, Ted, 234, 252, 330
Yokoyama, Yoshihisa, 579
Yom Kippur War, 9-10, 465, 512, 513, 528
Yoo Mai Bok, 720
Yoshida, Kenzo, 113
Yoshida, Shigeru, 111-117
background of, 112-113
Dodge and, 123, 124
Mac Arthur and, 111, 112, 113-114, 115
Yoshida, Yukiko Makino, 113
Yoshikawa, Tadashi, 586
zaibatsu, 109, 112, 114, 119, 123, 126, 129, 130, 141
Zincrometal, 621-622
A Biography of David Halberstam
David Halberstam (1934–2007) was a Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist and bestselling author. He is best known for both his courageous coverage of the Vietnam War for the New York Times, as well as for his twenty-one nonfiction books—which cover a wide array of topics, from the plight of Detroit and the auto industry to the captivating origins of baseball’s fiercest rivalry. Halberstam wrote for numerous publications throughout his career and, according to journalist George Packer, single-handedly set the standard of “the reporter as fearless truth teller.”
Born in New York City, Halberstam was the second son of Dr. Charles Halberstam, an army surgeon, and Blanche Levy Halberstam, a schoolteacher. Along with his older brother, Michael, Halberstam was raised in Westchester County and went to school in Yonkers. He attended Harvard University, where he was the managing editor of the Crimson, the student-run newspaper. Dedicated to forging a career in journalism, Halberstam worked with the West Point Daily Times Leader in Mississippi after graduation and at the Nashville Tennessean, where he covered the civil rights movement, a year later. Halberstam joined the Washington bureau of the New York Times in 1960. He worked as a Times foreign correspondent, moving to Congo and then to South Vietnam to cover the war in 1962.
Throughout Halberstam’s coverage of the Vietnam War, he was committed to reporting what he saw despite intense and continuous political pressure. Halberstam reported on the corrupt nature of the American-backed government in Saigon. Unlike many of his colleagues, he refused to report the misinformation that American commanders fed to the press, choosing instead to talk to soldiers and sergeants on the frontlines. His steadfast dedication left President Kennedy so infuriated that he personally asked Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, then-publisher of the New York Times, to replace Halberstam. Sulzberger refused.
Halberstam won the Pulitzer Prize for his coverage of Vietnam and worked for the Times’ Warsaw bureau after the war. After leaving the Times in the late sixties, Halberstam turned his focus to writing books and magazine articles. He described his books as stories of power—sometimes used wisely, sometimes disastrously. Halberstam quickly established himself with The Best and the Brightest (1972), a blistering, landmark account of America’s role in Vietnam. For each social or political book he published—such as The Powers That Be, The Fifties, and The Children—Halberstam wrote one on sports, one of his favorite subjects. His books were regularly praised for their impeccable detail as well as for their absorbing narrative style.
Halberstam died in a car accident in Menlo Park, California, in 2007, at the age of seventy-three. He was en route to an interview for an upcoming book about the 1958 National Football League championship game between the New York Giants and the Baltimore Colts. His obituary in the Guardian hailed him as “one of the most talented, influential and prolific of the American journalists who came of age professionally in the 1960s.”
Young Halberstam and his typewriter in the Congo in 1960.
An editorial meeting at the New York Times office, around 1962. Halberstam is at far right; Scotty Reston, who hired Halberstam, is to his right.
Halberstam, shown second from left, walking with military officers in Vietnam, around 1962.
Halberstam with Robert F. Kennedy, around 1967.
Halberstam and his daughter, Julia, at a Fourth of July parade in Nantucket, in 1983.
Halberstam and his friends James T. Wooten (in the poncho), a New York Times and ABC reporter, along with Richard C. Steadman and Gerry Krovatin in Nevis in the early 1990s.
Novelist John Burnham Schwartz (Reservation Road) and Halberstam in Nantucket in the mid-1990s.
Halberstam took an interest in rowing because of his work on The Amateurs, a study of four rowers striving for a place on the US Olympic team, published in 1996.
Halberstam and friends.
Halberstam, second from right, on a New York Times panel. Journalist Dexter Filkins (The Forever War) is to his right, discussing the Iraq war. This is one of the last photos of Halberstam before his death in 2007.
A memorandum written for Halberstam following his fatal car accident in 2007.
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this ebook onscreen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher.
copyright © 1986 by David Halberstam
cover design by Angela Goddard
978-1-4532-8610-4
This edition published in 2012 by Open Road Integrated Media
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