at Nissan, 304-305
Masuda, Tetsuo, 126, 135, 136-144, 147-150
background of, 137-139
Communists and, 142, 181
Katayama and, 289
Kawamata and, 144
layoffs fought by, 146
management challenged by, 148-149
Miyake and, 153, 155-157
strike led by, 163-169, 178-181
on union’s role, 142-143
in World War II, 139-141
Matsumura, Keiichi, 445-446
Matsuoka, Yosuke, 628
Matsuzaki, Shiro, 396-397
Matthias, Hans, 370
Max, Peter, 512
Maxwell, Charley, 3-10, 697-699, 700
auto executives’ meetings with, 7-9
energy crisis predicted by, 5-7
as Mobil Oil expert, 4
Mazda, 184, 647, 656, 732, 737, 741
Mazey, Emil, 337
Mecke, Ted, 387
Meehan, Joe, 192-193
Meehan, Kay, 192-193
Mensa, 669
mergers, corporate, 37, 689-696
Japanese reaction to, 695-696
junk bonds used in, 689, 694
media coverage of, 692
Mexico, 654-655, 657, 708-709, 712
Miami Vice, 685
Michigan:
financial crisis in, 51
unemployment in, 49-51, 609
Michigan Car Company, 65
Miller, Arjay, 99-100, 101, 244, 740
as Ford president, 258
Lundy and, 249
Wall Street pressures on, 233
as Whiz Kid, 201-202
Miller, Perry, 276-277
Miller, Steve, 257, 564, 568, 571
Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), Japanese, 17, 132, 306, 445, 446, 517
Amaya in, 17-18, 22, 29, 624
in auto industry, 159, 304, 411
import restraints negotiated by, 627-628
in steel industry, 582
supplier companies and, 451, 454
Minoura, Taichi, 131
Missouri battleship, 107
Mitsubishi, 126, 158, 721-722
Mitsui, 126, 130
Miyake, Masaru, 152-157, 161, 167-169
company power exercised by, 398
Katayama and, 289-290
in Kawamata dispute, 399-400, 402
Masuda challenged by, 152-153, 155-157
Nissan’s second union headed by, 167-169, 179-180, 183
Shioji and, 402
during strike, 167-169
in World War II, 154-155
Mobil Oil, 4, 328, 662
Moen, Ron, 315
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, 15-16, 17, 458, 461, 463-464, 531-532, 581, 697
Mondale, Walter, 695
Monnet, Jean, 459
monopoly, 45-46, 243, 329-330, 638
Morgan Stanley, 690-691
Mortimer, Wyndham, 345
Moses, Radford, 602
Motherwell, George, 265
motorbikes, Japanese, 306, 307
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 501
Muramatsu, Masami, 311-312, 313
Murphy, Eileen, 502
Murphy, Frank, 344, 345, 346
Murphy, Franklin, 518, 549, 550, 551
Murphy, Walter, 529
Murphy, William, 68
mutual funds, 227, 229-230
Nader, Nathra, 499
Nader, Ralph, 43, 367, 497-505
background of, 498-499
GM’s investigation of, 502-503
press corps used by, 504, 505
as student, 499-500
Unsafe at Any Speed, 501-502
Nader, Rose, 499
Nader’s Raiders, 45, 503, 693
Nagai, Michio, 717, 718
Nakamura, Hideya, 140-141, 151, 163
Nakasone, Yasuhiro, 702, 743
Nakayama, Sohei, 400, 452
Nash and Hudson, 329, 638
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 457
National Cash Register Company, 324-325
Navy, U.S., 326
NBC television network, 36
Nelson, Bryce, 503
Nelson, Ricky, 640
Nevins, Allan, 87, 209
New Deal, 123, 226, 344, 492
Newsweek, 374
New York City, 62, 65
New Yorker, 188, 229, 326
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), 223, 224
New York Times, 84, 686, 692, 702, 736
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 84-85
Nielsen, A. C., 203
Nigeria, 4
Niigata Ironworks, 284, 309
Nikkeiren, 135, 152, 164, 165
Nimitz, Chester W., 602
Nippondenso, 655
Nippon Kokan, 81-82, 583
Nippon Oil and Soap, 159, 160
Nisei, 118, 424
Nishiyama, Yataro, 396-397
Niskanen, William, 620-623
Nissan Diesel, 290, 399, 400
Nissan Motors, 130-131, 263-270
advertising campaign of, 512-513
under Asahara, 143, 144-145
Austin licensing deal with, 269-270
in Australian endurance race, 290-293
British factory debate at, 644-651
cheap labor at, 296
Datsun, 295-297, 299, 300, 396, 425, 430-434, 441, 444-449, 512-513
Dodge Line at, 136, 145-146, 153
early financial difficulties of, 579
early postwar years of, 129
executive purges at, 131
expansion at, 308-311, 394-399
Fair Lady, 441-442
Gorham’s technological asssistance to, 263-267
import restraints opposed by, 627-628
internationalism of, 586
Kawamata vs. Asahara factions in, 399-400, 434, 435
during Korean War, 146-147
layoffs at, 136, 145-146, 153
leadership vacuum in, 126, 135
mass market for, 395
mass production at, 304-305
modernization at, 393-394, 416
new plants built by, 308, 309, 395-396
1978 drop in exports from, 580-581
in 1986 yen crisis, 744
during oil crisis, 512
one-liter car produced by, 580
Oppama plant for, 396-398, 401
Patrol, 444
plant budgeting at, 635
plant managers at, 510
President, 310-311
Prince merged with, 411-414
quality issue at, 635, 637
Runyon hired by, 633-637
610 model, 512
smaller car developed by, 269-270
speedup at, 416
Stone’s assistance to, 268-270
supplier companies in, 451-454
technical specialists at, 284-286
Toyota vs., 304, 395-396, 647
truck production at, 128-129
turnover at, 417-418
two shifts instituted at, 421-423
UAW and, 586-588, 590-593, 634, 636, 643
U.S. experts imported by, 268
U.S. imports from, 293-296
U.S. truck plant built by, 592, 633-637
U teams for, 425-426
Nissan Motors Masuda union, 126, 129, 135-138, 141-148
company union formed against, 152-154, 156-157, 161, 164, 166-169, 178-181
kachos in, 150
Katayama and, 289
1953 strike by, 163-169, 170, 178-181, 289, 414, 415
suribachi technique used by, 150-151, 152, 165, 177
Nissan Motors Miyake-Shioji union, 152-154, 156-157, 161, 164, 166-169, 178-181, 291
middle management in, 289-290
in Nissan presidency struggle, 399-400
personnel changes controlled by, 398
quality control programs in, 410
under Shioji, 408-414
Tokyo branch of, 649-650
wage increases in,
409
Nissan Motors U.S. West Coast Office, 424-449
advertising campaign by, 444
capitalization of, 437-438
car names developed for, 441-442
dealerships for, 427-428
market share for, 444-445
models modified for, 425-426, 432-434, 437
pickup trucks produced for, 432-434
sales of, 725
see also Katayama, Yutaka
Nixon, Richard M., 15, 463, 662
Numasaki, Hideo, 181
O’Brien, Bill, 494-495
Occidental Petroleum, 460
Ochiai, Miyoji, 148, 178-179, 454
oil:
Arab challenge to U.S. control over, 459-461
coal vs., 77, 78, 459
consuming nations’ hysteria over, 697
European dependency on, 459
in Ghawar deposit, 328, 462
Japanese dependency on, 17, 22-23, 511-512
Middle East discoveries of, 326-328
in new non-OPEC producing countries, 698, 699
1979 price increase in, 581, 697
1986 price decrease in, 743, 744
political power and, 77
in postwar Japan, 274
price of, 458, 459, 461, 462-463
Southwestern U.S. discoveries of, 75-76
spot price of, 697, 698
U.S. reserves of, 459, 466
in World War II, 326-327
see also OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
oil crisis (1973), 3-10, 328-329, 457-465
Amaya on, 24-25
Arab nationalism and, 6-7, 329, 457-458
auto industry premises undermined by, 3-4, 6
consumer response to, 465
foundation for, 327-329
in Japan, 511-512
as momentary aberration, 580
price increases during, 10, 463-464
Shah’s fall and, 15-16
underpricing of oil before, 6, 528
Yom Kippur War and, 9-10, 465, 512, 513, 528
Oil Is Cut, The, 511
Okita, Saburo, 271, 274, 276, 278
Okuma, Masataka, 587
Oldenburg, Clarence, 221
Old Motor Company, 189
Olympic games:
of 1964, 419-420
of 1988, 716
one-liter cars, 580
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), 461-464, 697-700
1979 price increase and, 697
Saudi production and, 698-699
Packard, 329, 334, 543, 638
Paine Webber, 738
Palestine, 327
Pantry Pride, 689
Parker, John, 444, 517, 725
Parker, Sanford, 323
Park Jin Kean, 719-724
background of, 720-721
at Hyundai, 719, 721-724
salary of, 719
Park Kyung Won, 720
Passin, Herbert, 487
Patton, George S., 326
Paul VI, Pope, 532
Pearl Harbor, 112
People, 661
people’s capitalism, 225, 226-227
Perelman, Ronald, 689
Perkins, Francis, 346
Permanent Employment Guarantee (PEG), 655-656
Perry, Lord, 239, 240-241
Perry, Matthew, 274, 582, 730
Petersen, Don, 482, 552, 661, 663, 665-669
as Ford chairman, 667-669
in Japanization struggle, 741
as product man, 665-666
Philadelphia Electric Storage Battery (ESB), 691-692
Philby, Harry, 328
Philby, Kim, 328
Philco, 487, 603-604
Philip Morris tobacco company, 703
Picasso, Pablo, 512
pickup trucks, 432-434
Piercy, George, 462
planes, company, 35-36
plant closings, 605
plant managers, 213-215, 217-220, 238, 242-243, 508-509
Polaroid, 229, 231
Poling, Harold “Red,” 604-605, 665-666, 741
population migrations, 49-50
Port, Fred, 691-692
Pressman, Lee, 382
Prince auto company, 411-414
Prince auto union, 411-414
Profit Improvement Programs (PIPs), 466-467
profits, 37
bonus system based on, 506, 568
at Ford, 85, 90, 99-100, 243, 537, 731-732
Japanese scale for, 733
from large vs. small cars, 519
in 1983, 710
super profits vs., 245
UAW contracts and, 45
protectionism, Japanese, 24, 701-706
arrogance in, 704
Asian competition and, 705-706
distributorships in, 703
in tobacco industry, 702-703
protectionism, U.S., 585, 588-589
Carter administration and, 625-626
Ford and, 620, 622-623, 625
Japanese reaction to, 624-629
Keller’s testimony on, 737-739
under Reagan, 626
UAW view of, 620-625
public transportation, 465
Puerto Rico, 641
Qaddafi, Muammar, 459-461
quality control, 314-320
Deming’s lectures on, 317-318, 319
at Ford, 35, 466, 467, 506-508, 622, 659, 732
line overtime and, 506
PIPs and, 466-467
Shewhart’s techniques for, 316, 317
quality-control circles, 410, 418
railroad power, 77
Rand, Christopher, 328
Rapid American, 231
Rapp, William, 309
Rauh, Joe, 347
Rauschenberg, Robert, 512
RCA, 49
Reagan, Ronald, 621, 626, 686, 702, 745
Reickert, Erick, 525, 527, 600, 669
Reid, Ralph, 124
Reischauer, Edwin O., 133, 701-702
Reith, Jack, 204
Remsnyder, Ed, 492-493
Renault, 430
Republic Steel, 695
Reuther, Anna Stocker, 341
Reuther, Jacob, 339-340
Reuther, May, 337
Reuther, Roy, 341, 346, 350, 351
Reuther, Valentine, 339-341
Reuther, Victor, 339, 340, 343-347
Reuther, Walter, 160, 193, 244, 336-351, 490
background of, 337, 339-342
in Chrysler negotiations, 558-559
Johnson and, 349, 350, 367
Shioji and, 407-408
as socialist, 339
as UAW president, 346-351
as union organizer, 342-345
Revlon, 689-690
Revson, Charles, 690
Rhodes, Jim, 634
Ribicoff, Abraham, 503
Riccardo, John, 559-561, 564, 566
Richards, Gil, 557
Richards, William, 60-61, 87, 95
Richie, Donald, 703
Rickard, Ted, 214, 220
Rifkind, Simon, 689-690
Riklis, Meshulin, 231
Road & Track, 440-441
Robertson, Bernard, 562
robots, 48, 710, 711
Roche, Jim, 498, 503
Rockefeller, David, 187
Rockefeller, Nelson A., 187
Rogers, Roy, 444
Rohatyn, Felix, 55
Romney, George, 45-46, 330-331, 336, 553
Romulo, Carlos, 105
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 26-27, 98, 105, 327, 344, 346, 367, 491, 492
Roosevelt, Kermit, 15
Rootes company, 554
Rosofsky, Henry, 702
Runyon, Marvin, 252, 505-510, 633-637, 643
safety, auto:
Corvair lawsuits over, 502
government regulations on, 504-505
Nader’s work on, 501-502, 504-505
sales bank, 554-55
5, 563-564
Sampson, Anthony, 461
Samsung manufacturing company, 713, 714
Saqquaf, Omar, 463
Saudi Arabia, 23, 327-328, 457-459, 461-464, 698-700, 743
Schaup, George, 218
Schmertz, Herb, 662
Schultze, Charles, 625, 626
Scott, Will, 531-532
Secrest, Fred, 254
Secret Group, 156
Segal, Herb, 385-386
service sector, 37-38, 745-746
Sexton, Brendan, 346
Shah of Iran, see Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
Shaiken, Harley, 707-713
on export of jobs, 707-708
on Korean connection, 712-713
superautomation theory of, 48, 708
Shapiro, Irving, 54
Sharf, Steve, 568
Sheehan, Bill, 662
Shelby, Carroll, 518-519, 671-672
Sheldrick, Laurence, 94
Sherwood, Robert, 107-108
Shewhart, Walter, 316, 317
Shimamoto, Yuji, 446
Shintoism, 114
Shioji, Ichiro, 159-163, 402-414, 742-743
AFL-CIO and, 407
as anti-Communist, 405, 407
background of, 161-163, 404-406
British factory opposed by, 646-651
company power exercised by, 398, 452-453, 651-652
Focus article on, 650
Ishihara and, 589-590, 643-652
as JAW leader, 184
Katayama and, 514
Miyake and, 402-403
in 1953 Nissan strike, 167, 168-169, 183-184
personal qualities of, 159-160, 403-404
Prince union and, 411-414
Reuther and, 407-408
supplier companies and, 450-454
Tanaka and, 414-415
two shifts instituted under, 421-423
Umetani and, 409-411
U.S. plant endorsed by, 587-589, 592
work stoppages under, 643-644
shipbuilding industry, Japanese, 24, 275, 276, 284
Shiroyama, Saburo, 590
Simca company, 554
Simmons, Sam, 214
Sinatra, Frank, 532, 533
Singapore, 24, 48, 715
Singleton, Bill, 212, 215
sit-down strikes, 344
Six-Day War (1967), 458-459
Sloan, Alfred P., 89, 93, 325, 381
SoCal, 327-328
Society of Automotive Engineers, 732
Sohyo labor federation, 411
Sony, 49
Sorensen, Charles, 71, 73, 80, 87, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 239
Soviet Union, 29, 110, 119, 343, 745
Spain, 527
speedup; 84, 416
Spender, J. A., 80
Sperlich, Hal, 46, 326, 365, 479-482, 519-527
background of, 480-481
Caldwell and, 600, 603
as Chrysler vice-president, 557, 559
in downsizing debate, 539, 542-546
in Europe, 519-523
Fiesta and, 526-527
finance men and, 482-483
firing of, 547-548, 556-557
front-wheel-drive cars favored by, 519-523