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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I can’t possibly thank all the people who helped with this book, for the simple reason that a hurricane destroyed my original list of people to acknowledge, along with many precious books and files. So, with apologies to anyone omitted, I thank Matthew Bartowiak, Lalitha Chandrasekher, Alison Pugh, Hank Sims, and Mitchell Verter for their enthusiastic research assistance. Heather Blurton and Lauriallen Reitzammer also made valuable contributions.
A number of scholars and journalists graciously responded to my diverse and urgent questions, including Peter Brown, Peter Brooks, Reginald Butler, Michael Cook, E. J. Gorn, Allen Guttman, Edward Hagen, Arlie Hochschild, Riva Hocherman, Ann Killian, Marcel Kinsbourne, Simon Kuper, Peter Manuel, Jack Santino, James Scott, Laura Slatkin, Ellen Schattschneider, Wolfgang Schivelbusch, Katherine Stern, Ann Stolar, Michael Taussig, and Daniel Wann. I am especially indebted to Elizabeth Thompson for background on Arabian history and her translations from the Arabic.
Among the people who were kind enough to comment on drafts of chapters are Diane Alexander, Darren Cushman Wood, Ben Ehrenreich, Edward Hagen, and William H. McNeill. The latter’s book Keeping Together in Time had helped convince me that the subject was worth pursuing in the first place.
Janet McIntosh’s role in this project is impossible to categorize or express sufficient gratitude for. She began, while still a graduate student, as my research assistant, though teacher would be a better word, since her job was to send me stacks of readings that we would then discuss. There is very little in this book that she did not have something to say about, and I hope some of her brilliance and knowledge shines through.
At Metropolitan Books, my longtime editor Sara Bershtel brought her usual vast erudition and razor-sharp logic to the task. I am also grateful to my copy editor, Vicki Haire, whose diligent fact-checking has no doubt saved me from much embarrassment. Finally, I thank all the people in the printing industry who are responsible for turning a manuscript into an actual book.
INDEX
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages of your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
Abo, Klevor
Aboriginal rituals
Abraham, Roger D.
Abyssinia
Achilles
Africa:
charismatic Christian cults in
European imperialism in
Independent Churches in
music of
African Americans:
mocking rituals of slaves
musical contributions of
“stepping,”
transplanted ecstatic rituals of
afterlife, promise of
agriculture and agrarian societies
Albert, Michael
Allen, Frederick Lewis
Anabaptists, German
Anatomy of Melancholy, The (Burton)
Ancient Mystery Cults (Burkert)
Anderson, Benedict
Anglicism
animal sacrifice
Anlo-Ewe people, Hogbetsotso festival of the
anomie
antiglobalization demonstrations
Anti-Rock: The Opposition to Rock ’n Roll (Martin and Segrave)
anxiety
Anzalone, Edward
Apollo
Apuleius
archaic roots of ecstatic rituals
Aristides Quintilianus
aristocracy, see upper class
armies, disciplining of
Armstrong, Karen
art:
as cure for melancholy
dance and ecstatic rituals depicted in
Greek art
p
rehistoric
vase art
Artemis
Attis
audiences:
crowds compared to
for fascist spectacles
rock rebellion and
at sporting events
Augustus, emperor
Australian Aboriginals
autosuggestibility
Azande people of Africa
Bacchae, The
Bacchus, see Dionysus (Bacchus)
Backman, E. Louis
Bakhtin, Mikhail
ballet
ballroom dancing
baptism
Ba-Ronga people of southern Mozambique
baseball
Basileios
Basle Bible Society
Bastille, commemoration of storming of the
Baudelaire, Charles
Beard, Mary
Beatles, the
Beatrice, Donna
Bechuana ceremonies
Beguines
Bell, Daniel
Bellah, Robert
Bellingshausen, Baron Thaddeus
Bellos, Alex
Berlin Love parade
Bernays, Martha
“Big Dawg” (sports fan)
Bill Haley and the Comets
Blatchford, Robert
Blood Rites: Ongins and History of the Passions of War (Ehrenreich)
Bonaparte, Napoleon
Boswell, James
Botero, Giovanni
Boukman, Samba
Bourguignon, Erika
Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (Putnam)
Brazil
Candomblé
sports in
Bright, Timothie
Broadbent, S.
Brown, Pastor David L.
Brown, John
Browne, Richard
Bunyan, John
Burkert, Walter
Burleigh, Michael
Burning Man event, annual
Burton, Robert
Caitanya
Calasso, Roberto
Calvinism
attitude toward festivities
capitalism and
military discipline and
religious melancholy and
work ethic and
Campbell, Joseph
Canaanite gods
Candomblé
capitalism
Carlyle, Thomas
carnaval, Brazilian
carnival
African diaspora and black
as dangerous
epidemic of melancholy and death of
firearms and
French Revolutionary leaderships’ view of
mocking of the powerful at
modern forms of
origins of
political edge to
protest demonstrations and
reason for expansion of festivities in the Middle Ages
repression and Reformation ending
safety-valve interpretation of
sporting events as
withdrawal of the upper class from
Carter, Elizabeth
Carvalho, Jayme de
Cashmore, Ernest
Castiglione, Baldesar
Catholic Church
carnival and
changes in the Middle Ages
communion
confession
Counter-Reformation
dancing within medieval churches
ecclesiastical dramas
indulgences
the Inquisition
medieval mass spectacles
missionaries and imperialism, see imperialism, European
profligacy of
Catholic Church (con’d)
purging churches of ecstatic behavior
Sufism compared to Catholicism
war on dance
see also Christianity; Protestantism
Celsus
Chambers, E. K.
Charles, Ray
Chaucer, Geoffrey
Cheeseman, Evelyn
Cheyne, Dr. George
China
Christianity
appeal to women and the poor
carnival as outlet for ecstatic behavior, see carnival
Catholic Church, see Catholic Church
collapse of paganism and
ecstatic
head-covering rule
incompatibility of ecstatic religions and
medieval, carnival and, see carnival
missionaries and imperialism, see imperialism, European
Protestantism, see Protestantism
sense of lasting community and survival of
socialistic nature of early church
speaking in tongues
see also Jesus
Christmas
Chrysostom, John, archbishop of Constantinople
Civilization and Its Discontents (Freud)
civil rights movement
classical music
Cleaver, Eldridge
Clement of Alexandria
Clinton, Hillary and Bill
Cocker, Mark
cohesiveness and unity, ecstatic rituals as source of
Coleridge, Samuel
collective effervescence
colonialism, European, see imperialism, European
Comaroff, Jean
communism
communitarianism
communitas
Confucianism
Conrad, Joseph
consumer culture
Cook, Captain
Corpus Christi feasts
costuming
in French Revolutionary festivals
military spectacle and
in prehistoric art
at protest demonstrations
rock festivals and
at sporting events
Council of Basil
Council of Constantinople
Council of Rome (ninth century)
Counter-Reformation
Cowper, William
Crapanzano, Vincent
Cromwell, Oliver
crossbow
cross-dressing
Crowd, The (Le Bon)
crowd behavior
audience compared to a crowd
in the French Revolution
intellectuals’ view of, postfascist
at sporting events
Cuba
Cumont, Franz
Cuvier, Georges
Cybele, the Great Mother
Darkness Visible (Styron)
Darnton, Robert
Darwin, Charles
Davenport, Morgan
Davis, Natalie Zemon
Day of the Innocents
Debord, Guy
“Decline of the Choral Dance, The,”
defense against predators, group
Delphic oracle
Delumeau, Jean
Demeter
depersonalization disorder
depression, see melancholy, epidemic of
Desmoulins, Camille
devil, see Satan
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition) DSM-IV
Diddley, Bo
Diodorus
as antiwar god
Corinthian worship of
as democratic god
depiction of
the Jews and
maenads (female cult members) and maenadism
origin of Dionysian rites
parallels between Jesus and
personal salvation and
Roman suppression of ecstatic rituals
spiritual responsibility of
worship of gods resembling
Dodds, E.R.
Donne, John
Doob, Penelope
Dorsey, Thomas A.
“Dream Dance” cult of the Menomini Indians
drills, military
dromedaries, guns, and warfare
drugs
drumming
in ancient Greece
at sports events
Dunbar, Robin
Dürer, Albrecht
Durkheim, Emile
Duvalier, “Papa Doc,”
Duvignaud, Jean
Eagleton, Terry
ecstasy, derivation of the word
Ecstatic Religion (Lewis)
Ecuadorian festivals
Eliade, Mircea
Elias, Norbert
Elizabeth II, Queen, jubilee celebration of
Ellison, Ralph
Engelhardt, Tom
England:
capitalism’s rise in
church ales in
epidemic of depression in
firearms at carnivals in
hooliganism among sports fans
imperialist, see imperialism, European
military spectacle and
repression of carnival in
rock rebellion in
sports and sports fans in
Epstein, Leslie
etiquette
Euripides
Evans, Sir Arthur
evolution, the role of ecstatic rituals in
Faludi, Susan
fascist spectacles
alternate forms of celebration, discouragement of
the audience for
described
forced attendance at
French Revolutionary festivals as prototype for
governance by spectacle
intellectuals’ view of crowds and
military parades featured in
Nuremberg congresses, see Nuremberg congresses, annual
scripting of
Feast of Fools
feasts of Corpus Christi
Feld, M.D.
Fenn, Elizabeth
Festival of Federation
Festival of the Supreme Being
festivity
epidemic of melancholy and suppression of
European imperialism and
modern civilization and
revival of, possibility of
ritual vs.
secularized, see carnival
suppression of traditional, in sixteenth through nineteenth centuries
Ficino, Marsilo
Fielding, Henry
Fiorenza, E. S.
Fisher, Eddie
flagellation
Flechere, Reverend John William de la
football
feminization of fandom
France:
antitax revolt of 1548
epidemic of melancholy in
military spectacle, Napoleonic Wars and
national anthem
nationalism