Führer Principle, 74–75, 91, 282
genocides of, 12
ideology of, 12, 63, 91–92, 104–5, 140–41, 238–40, 242, 249, 267
Italy attacked by, 167
and Legend of the Dagger Thrust, 123
and Night of the Long Knives, 65
Nuremberg trials of, 268
perceived enemies of, x, 2–3, 66, 68, 69, 104, 122, 249
propaganda of, 7–9, 122, 128–29, 195, 219, 220–21, 239–40, 245
reformed (1925), 49
rise to power, 2, 3, 12–13, 41, 47, 48, 60, 63, 74, 75, 86–87
secret peace feelers of, 246
“secret weapon” of, 266
and shaming exhibitions, 122, 129
violence idealized by, 12, 48, 49, 104–5
and Weimar, 50, 54
western front, 195, 202–3, 231, 238
Nehama, Joseph, 183
Netherlands, 96
archives returned to, 300–301, 302
Freemasons in, 129, 132
libraries in, 94, 229
Nazi invasion of, 99, 116
neutrality of, 94
Nettlau, Max, 102
Ney, Gottlieb, 203
Nicholas II, Tsar, 300
Nicolay, Nicolas de, 178
Nietzsche Archive, Weimar, 53
Night of the Long Knives, 65
Nikome (the Avengers), 217
Normandy, Allied landings in, 231, 246–47, 268
November Revolution, Germany (1918), 44, 80, 123
NSDAP, 49–50, 64, 80, 123, 202
Hohe Schule of, see Hohe Schule der NSDAP
Nuremberg Laws, 8, 166
Nuremberg trials, 202, 268, 280–85
Nussbaum, Ferdinand, 16
occultism, 68–69, 121, 126, 128, 130, 131, 225, 242–46
Odinets, Dimitri, 148
Offenbach Archival Depot, 268–70, 271–72, 274–75, 276–78, 304
Office de Récupération Economique, Belgium, 273–74
Olson, Ragnar, 123
Olympic Games, Berlin (1936), 196
Oppenheim, Jeremias, 156
Oppenheimer, Robert, 87
Osorgin, Mikhail, 145
Ossietzky, Carl von, 81
Ostbücherei, 152
Ottoman Empire, 97, 178–80
Owen, Harry Collinson, 181
pacifists, 2, 4, 68
Palestine, Jewish state in, 135
Palmer, Louis, 312
Paper Brigade, 211–14, 215, 223, 241, 278
Paris, fall of, 137
Park an der Ilm, Weimar, 40–41, 52, 54
Paul IV, Pope, 162
Paulsen, Peter, 195, 198, 203
Paulus, Friedrich, 129
Pelplin Bible, 150–51, 195
Petersen, Julius, 51
Peter the Great, tsar of Russia, 96
Petljura, Symon, 145–46, 190
Piepenbrock, Jac, 119, 120, 129
Piper, Ernst, Alfred Rosenberg, 81
Pius VII, Pope, 163
Pius XII, Pope, 170
Plievier, Theodor, 2
Pohl, Johannes, 115–16, 168, 171, 182, 209, 227–28, 235, 284
Poland:
defeat of, 194, 195, 204
Katyn massacre in, 297–98
Soviet offensive in, 249
Soviet trophy brigades in, 262
Poles:
émigrés in Paris, 142, 146, 150–51
entire population targeted, 195–99, 206
great migration of, 142
as ideological enemies, 23, 104
memories of, 242
property confiscated, 32–33, 68, 195, 203, 205, 229, 256
sent to death camps, 36
in Vilnius, see Vilnius
Warsaw uprisings (1830), 142; (1944), 197, 198–99, 214
Yiddish language of, 191
Pomrenze, Seymour J., 268–70, 272, 275
Poste, Leslie I., 269
Posthumus, Nicolaas Wilhelmus, 100–102, 104, 109
Prague, 251–85
books remaining in, 251–60, 255, 259
Preussische Staatsbibliothek (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin), 29–30, 55, 263
Prilutski, Noah, 208, 209
Princip, Gavrilo, 219
Prölls, Peter, 20–21
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The, 77–78, 81–82, 127, 235
Proust, Marcel, 138
Publikationsstelle Berlin-Dahlem, 152
PuĊaski, Franciszek, 151
Quisling, Vidkun, 16, 247
race, 12, 48, 50, 79
and Aryan superiority, 9, 78, 83–84, 86, 89–90
and fascism, 166
research on, 233, 235, 240
Rappoport, Shloyme Zanvl, 190
Rathenau, Walter, 49, 236, 237
Ratibor/Racibórz, Poland, 230–31
books plundered from, 261–62
Red Army in, 249–50
research activity in, 236–46, 284
Red Army:
advances of, 231, 250, 260, 265
Berlin bombed by, 19
Leningrad liberated by, 248
massacres by, 208
plundering by, 20, 22, 30, 33, 54, 261–64
in Poland, 194, 249–50
scorched-earth tactic of, 205
SMERSH (intelligence organ), 260
trophy brigades, 54, 260–64, 271, 288, 296–97, 298–300, 302
in Ukraine, 145
in Vilnius, 208, 216–17
Reformation, 3
Reichsinstitut für die Geschichte des neuen Deutschland (National Institute for the History of New Germany), 13
Reichsministerium für die besetzten Ostgebiete (Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories), 21, 200, 201
Reifenberg, Adele, 16
Remarque, Erich Maria, 4, 6, 48, 50
Rembrandt Museum, Amsterdam, 109
Rembrandt van Rijn, 97
Renaissance, 179, 183
Reyzen, Zalmen, 194
Rhodes, Cecil, 237
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 203, 248, 283, 284
Richter, Hans, 243
Rieger, Eliezer, 99
Rieti, Moses, 164
Rietschel, Ernst, 42, 43
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, 114
Rilke, Rainer Maria, 9
Robison, John, 131
Röhm, Ernst, 64, 65
Roma, 23, 36, 121
Roman Empire, 13, 80
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 128, 237, 267
Rosenberg, Alfred, 75–92
after the war, 265–68
and Amt Rosenberg, 73, 75, 90–91, 104, 107, 108, 152, 227, 229, 232, 236, 246
anti-Semitism of, 80–87, 117–18, 237, 238, 240–41, 242, 246–48
and Baltic German identity, 78, 79–80, 90, 200
and confiscations, 129–30, 152, 154, 166, 199, 202–5, 227, 229, 232–33, 250, 268
and conspiracy theories, 127–28, 237–38
and control of memory, 240
and eastern front, 21, 200–201, 202–4, 208, 209, 265–66, 283
and ERR, 21, 30, 104–5, 107–8, 152, 202
execution of, 284–85
Hohe Schule of, 72–73, 89, 91–92, 105–6, 229, 248, 282
and Institut zur Erforschung, 115, 137, 139, 140, 182, 238, 241
and international anti-Jewish congress, 246–48, 266
and Militant League for German Culture, 50, 54
The Myth of the Twentieth Century, 8, 76, 78, 79, 82–84, 85, 88, 127–28
as Nazi ideologue,
x, 71, 73–74, 75–76, 80–81, 84–85, 87–89, 90, 91, 104, 267, 268, 283–84
and NSDAP, 49–50, 75, 80
and Nuremberg trials, 202, 268, 282–85
and Operation Barbarossa, 199–204
and The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 77–78, 82
and Russian Revolution, 76–77
and Thessaloniki, 181, 182
and Völkischer Beobachter, 82, 90
Rosenthal, Leeser, 98
Rothschild Frères, de, 137–38, 232, 301
Rothschildsche Bibliothek, Frankfurt, 106, 232, 268
Rothschild family, 106, 137–38, 230, 232, 236–38, 263, 297, 301–2
RSHA (SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt):
Amt II of, 68
books confiscated by, 116, 134, 140, 152, 204, 223, 225–27, 253, 256, 257, 304
competition with ERR, 22, 30, 107–8, 130
establishment of, 67–69
library of, 24, 30, 32, 68, 223, 224
occultism as interest of, 68–69, 121, 128, 130, 242–46
Section VII of, 22, 68–69, 73, 107, 121, 130, 225, 232, 242–46, 256, 288
Rubinstein, Arthur, 224, 292
Rubinstein, Ida, 138
Rudashevski, Yitzhak, 210
Rudomino, Margarita, 261–62, 297
Russia:
Ashkenazi Jews in, 189–90
nationalism in, 300
political exiles from, 142–43, 153
and printers, 96
see also Soviet Union
Russian Revolution, 76–77, 78, 82, 102, 144, 190, 204
Rust, Bernhard, 87, 88
SA, 12, 64, 65
Saloníki, 176–82
Sand, George, 142
Sanders, Huub, 100–102, 109, 271
Sashonko, Vladimir, 265
Schelling, Friedrich von, 41
Schemm, Hans, 87
Schenzinger, Karl Aloys, 48
Schickert, Klaus, 239, 246, 284
Schiller, Friedrich, 7, 40, 42–43, 54, 78, 124
Schiller Association, 50
Schjødt, Annæus, 16
Schlüter, Andreas, 203
Schmidt-Stähler, Alfred, 107, 117
Schoenfeld, Robert, 250
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 147, 148
Schormann, Gerhard, 245
Schultze-Naumburg, Paul, 50
Schutzverband deutscher Schriftsteller, 5
Schwartzbard, Sholom, 146
Schwedenkiste, 130–31
SD:
attacks on churches and congregations, 66, 114
and Jewish slave laborers, 226
library of, 65–66, 68
in terror machine, 66, 104, 108, 114, 204
Sedov, Lev, 102
Seeligmann, Isaac Leo, 118, 219, 223, 224, 257–58, 270
Seeligmann, Sigmund, 116, 223, 257, 259
Seghers, Anna, 6
Seleucid Empire, 159
Seyss-Inquart, Arthur, 108
Sézille, Paul, 247
Shtif, Nokhem, 190
Simaite, Ona, 213
Six, Franz, 68
Slavs, as ideological enemies, x, 121, 196, 200–201, 205–6
Smith, Howard K., 285
Sobibór death camp, 118
Social Democrats:
archives of, 101–2
persecution of, 2, 3, 18
Russian exiles in Paris, 144
and Weimar Republic, 44–45, 47
Socialists:
archives of, 101, 102, 271
as ideological enemies, 30, 47, 104, 237
Russian exiles, 144
Sommer, Martin, 36
Sonne, Isaiah, 164, 171
Sorani, Rosina, 168
Soukup, Friedrich, 245
Soviet Union:
Amber Room in Catherine Palace, 203
authors blacklisted in, 153
and eastern front, 21, 200–209
fall of (1991), 265, 289, 297, 302
glasnost in, 296, 297, 299
Hitler’s plans for, 206
ideological enemies in, 104
KGB, 279–80
labor camps in Siberia, 204
and Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939), 193–94
NKVD, 260, 298
Okhrana (secret service) in, 77
Operation Barbarossa in, 199–204, 207–8
perestroika in, 153, 296
plundered material taken from, 228–30, 231, 262, 296
plundered material taken to, 30, 33, 260–64, 271, 274, 288, 303–4
pogroms in, 77, 135, 215
refugees from, 100–101
restitution opposed in, 298–300, 303
and shaming exhibitions, 122
trophy brigades of, 54, 260–64, 271, 288, 296–97, 298–300, 302
war with Germany, 129, 152, 205–6, 208, 214, 248–49
Spain, Sephardic Jews from, 160–61, 164, 178, 183
Special Committee for War Reparations, 260
Speer, Albert, 21, 72, 283
Spinoza, Baruch, 23, 97, 114
Springer, Julius, 7–8
Sroka, Marek, 198
SS (Schutzstaffel):
and Amt Rosenberg, 107, 108
books confiscated by, 19, 108, 195, 222–24, 225, 304
castles used by, 225, 243, 253, 260
enemies persecuted by, 66, 225–26
enemies studied by, 23, 248
formation of, 65
Himmler as head of, x, 63, 64–65, 68, 69, 108, 201–2, 244
as Hitler’s protection, 64
occultism as interest in, 68–69, 128, 130, 225, 243–46
power transferred to, 201–2
and SA, 64, 65
and Sonderkommando Paulsen, 195, 203
totalitarian philosophy of, 63, 69
transit camps of, 185, 218–20, 222, 223
violence of, 105, 208–9, 215, 216
Waffen-SS, 02
Städtische Pfandleihanstalt, 19
Stalin, Joseph, 102, 148, 154, 194, 248, 261, 266, 267
Stalin archives, Moscow, 260, 262, 271, 289, 296, 301
Stanley, Henry M., 15, 19
Stein, Charlotte von, 37
Strashun, Mattityahu, 207
Strashun Library, Vilnius, 207, 208, 211, 277, 278–79
Strauss, Emil, 49
Stravinsky, Igor, 50
Strindberg, August, 256
Stroop, Jürgen, 199
Stutthof concentration camp, 215
Stutz, Ulrich, 229
Stwertka, Julius, 220
Sutzkever, Abraham, 192, 211–13, 215, 216–17, 278–82
Sydow, Karsten, 29
Symon Petljura Library, Paris, 145–46, 152, 231, 271
Tatishchev, Vasily, 145
Tcherikower, Elias, 191
Tedeschi, Dario, 165–66, 171, 172
Tehran, Allied conference in, 267
Theresienstadt (Terezín), 218–31, 258, 292, 309
Bücherfassungsgruppe of, 222–24, 225
Ghettobücherei/Zentralbücherei in, 220, 221, 254
Ghetto Swingers (jazz band) in, 220, 221
Judenrat in, 219
life within, 219–21, 312
as model camp, 118, 218–21
Red Cross visit to, 220–21
Talmudkommando in, 223–24, 225, 241, 251–53, 255, 256, 257
typhoid in, 221
Thessaloniki, 173–87, 228, 229, 237, 272–73, 288, 302
Third Reich:
architectural style of, 73
capitulation of, 265
defeat of, 249
education system of, 85–90
and Führer Principle, 74–75, 91, 282
Mann’s ideal of, 46–47
obsession with collection and ownership of knowledge, 62, 108
police system in, 63
power structure of, 107
rise of, 51, 54
see also Nazi Party
Thomas, Ralph, 283
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 160
Thousand-Year Reich, 13, 83, 89, 91
Tolstoy, Leo, 210, 213, 217
Tongeren, Hermannus van, 129
trade unions, archives of, 101, 271
Treaty of Versailles, 3, 47, 83, 123
Treblinka death camp, 216
Trotsky, Leon, 4, 101, 102, 237, 271
Tucholsky, Kurt, 49
Turgenev, Ivan, 143, 148
Ukraine, devastation in, 206
Ukranian National Republic (UNR) in exile, 146
Ullrich, Volker, Adolf Hitler, 81
Ulyanov, Vladimir Ilyich (Lenin), 143–44
Umayyad library, 111
Unglaube, Tomas, 307, 311
Unione delle Comunità Ebraiche Italiane (Union of Italian Jewish Communities), 155, 166
University of Amsterdam, 297–304
Usque, Samuel, Consolation for the Tribulations of Israel, 93–94, 95, 112, 161, 250
Utitz, Emil, 221, 222
Valéry, Paul, 138
Van Wien, Salvatore, 274
Venizelos, Eleftherios, 181
Vienna, 67, 179, 184, 256
Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, 220
Vilnius, 179, 207–17, 235
and “A Wagon of Shoes,” 281–82
ghetto discontinued in, 214–17
liberation of, 278
massacre of Jews in, 208–9, 211, 278
Operation Barbarossa in, 207–8, 228, 229
Paper Brigade in, 211–14, 215, 223, 241, 278
Yiddish culture in, 191–92, 207–8, 210, 241, 242, 277–81
YIVO in, see YIVO
Visser, Wout, 93, 97, 98, 99
Völkischer Beobachter, 2, 3, 82, 90, 122, 234
Voltaire, 145
Wagner, Richard, 79
Wahl, Hans, 51, 53–56
Wahle, Julius, 51
Walter, Theo, 119, 120, 131
Warncke, Heide, 113
Wehrmacht, 201–2, 204, 207, 209
Weimar-Buchenwald dichotomy, 41
Weimar Republic, 4, 43–51, 53, 63
classicism of, 45, 52, 78
as cult site for Nazism, 50, 54
and transfer of power, 65
Weinreich, Max, 191, 192, 194, 277
Weishaupt, Adam, 130
Weiss, Louise, 138
Weltkampf, Der, 234, 235, 248
Wichtl, Friedrich, 127
Wiechert, Ernst, 38–39
Wiesel, Elie, 35–36
Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 263
Wisliceny, Dieter, 184–86
witchcraft, research into, 244–45