See also embodying metaphors
Michaeli, Gil, 69, 69n
Microsoft Track Changes program, 59
mikveh study, 158–59
Milne, A.A., 175
Milton, John, 87
mind-body connection: importance of, 11
monkeys: red and, 74–75, 76
mood, 6, 29–30, 102–5, 179, 186, 214
morality
cleaning and, 148–53, 154–59, 160–64
evolution of, 163
memories associated with, 150–51
metaphors about, 149, 163
scaffolding and, 163, 164
and separating light from darkness, 97–101
Moravec, Hans, 212
Moravec’s paradox, 212–13
Mother Teresa, 85
Mulroney, Brian, 126
N
National Football League, 92
National Hockey League, 92, 93
National Institute of Mental Health, 102
negativity
black as symbol of, 85
embodying metaphors and, 195–96
and importance of embodied cognition theory, 212
of Lobel about Cambridge apartments, 91
and Lobel’s offices at Tel Aviv University, 103–4
and separating light from dark, 88–90, 94, 95–96, 101–5
universal associations of, 94–95
vertical positioning and, 136–38, 146
negotiations/bargaining, 7–8, 27, 33–35, 117, 146, 214
New Year’s resolutions, 195–96
Niesta, Daniela, 67–68, 69, 77, 78–79
nonverbal communication, 23–24
Northwestern University: cleaning experiment at, 150–51
O
Olympic Games (2004): color at, 60
outside the box: thinking, 199–200, 206–7, 209, 214
P
Paradise Lost (Milton), 87
parents: creative thinking by, 202
past: water as washing away the, 166–69, 172–73
penalties, sports, 93
peppermint, 184–85
performance
embodying metaphors as influence on, 210
motor versus cognitive, 62–63
red and, 51–63
in sports, 52, 60–61, 62–63
on tests/examinations, 3, 54–60, 61, 62–63
texture/touch and, 214
personal space. See space/distance
personality: and challenges facing embodied cognition research, 216
photograph experiments
color and, 67–68, 69, 72–74, 77–79
jam jar, 169
sweetness and, 177–78
travel-creativity, 209
photography: power and, 130–32, 146
phototherapy, 102
physical activities, 184, 203–4. See also sports
physical attraction, 135–36
Picasso, Pablo, 209
pizzeria study, 184
politics/politicians
color and, 52, 53, 79, 80
creative thinking and, 202
hardness and softness and, 28–29
height of, 126
and vertical positioning–power relationship, 121–23
poor man story, 166
poses: power and, 142–46
positivity
and importance of embodied cognition theory, 212
and Lobel’s Cambridge apartments, 91
and Lobel’s offices at Tel Aviv University, 103–4
and separating light from dark, 88–90, 94, 95–98, 101–5
Stroop effect and, 137
universal associations of, 94–95
vertical positioning and, 136–38, 146
posture/poses: power and, 142–46
power
black and, 86
in business, 124–26
capturing moments of, 131–32
displays of, 133–35
embodied cognition theory and, 123, 144, 146, 212
evolution and, 135
framing of, 130–31
gender and, 135–36
height and, 126–30, 133, 135–36, 145
hormone levels and, 144
impressions of, 128–30
media and, 130–32
and metaphors, 123, 145
photography and, 130–32, 146
physical attraction and, 135–36
positivity-negativity and, 146
posture/poses and, 142–46
of red, 81
risk taking and, 143–44
self-image and, 143–45
size and, 121, 133, 138–42, 145, 146
space/distance and, 146
stereotypes about, 136
Stroop effect and, 123
vertical positioning and, 121–24, 132–36, 145, 146
See also dominance
problem solving, 204, 205–7, 210
products
rating desirability of, 152, 155
risk-taking and improvement of, 171
prostitute study, 153
Public Goods Game, 189
putting two and two together, 200–205
R
race: tests/examinations and, 54–55
Ratey, John, 203
Ravn, Karen, 184
red
aggression and, 53–54
animals and, 76–77
clothing, 65–66, 76, 79–80, 81
as color of deep emotions, 53–54
culture and, 53–54, 69–71, 72
danger link with, 58–60, 62, 81
dominance and, 76–80, 81
gender and, 68–69, 80
identity and, 52
impact of, 3
intentions and, 72–74
marketing and, 79–80
and men’s perception of women, 67–76, 78–79
metaphors and, 52
motivation and, 57–58
performance and, 51–63
politicians and, 79
power of, 81
primates and, 74–75
and red-letter days, 75–76
research about, 55–58, 63, 67–71, 72–74, 77–79
respect for, 75–76
sexual behavior and, 63, 65–81
sports and, 60–61, 62, 81
status and, 77, 78–79
subconscious and, 59, 61
tests/examinations and, 3, 54–60, 61
too, 66
universal associations of, 53, 67–68, 72
when not to wear, 76
and women’s perception of men, 76, 77–79
referees: red and, 61
regrets: embodying metaphors and, 194–95, 196
relationships
breaking off, 114
creative thinking and, 202
smell and, 185
space/distance and, 108, 109, 112–15, 117–20
temperature and, 9–10
religion, 154
Remote Associates Test, 199, 201, 207
Republican Party, 28–29, 52
résume study: weight and, 3, 41–42
risk taking, 23, 143–44, 169–72
rituals
cleaning, 149–50
and sealing bad feelings, 194
robots, 112, 212–13
romance: smells and, 185
Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), 12
Rosenthal, Norman E., 102
roughness, 24–25, 29–31, 32, 33–35
S
Saffron Revolution, 53
salespeople
cleaning-morality relationship and, 165
and touch study, 23–24
San Diego, California: Lobel’s visits to, 25–26
scaffolding
and challenges facing embodied cognition research, 216
cleaning-morality relationship and, 163, 164
between concrete and abstract concepts, 163
of experience, 31–33, 40, 212
and importance of embodied cognition theory, 212
The Scarlet Letter (Hawthorne), 75
Schachter, Stanley, 108
schools: “alternative” learning areas in, 203–4
Schwarz, Norbert, 167, 169–70
Scott, Walter, 22
scrambled sentences experiment, 162
sealing bad feelings, 194–96
seasonal affective disorder (SAD), 102
secrets, 44–48, 49, 195–96
security, sense of, 34–35, 42
Seefried, Josh: secret of, 44–45
Seinfeld (TV show), 109
self-image: power and, 143–45
selfishness, 100–101
sensations
conscious experiencing of, 2
as deceiving, 22
emotions-behavior link with, 10–12
importance of understanding and being aware of, 3, 6, 22, 211–19
as influence on rational mind, 2–3
overview about, 211–12
questioning of, 22
short-term effects of, 3
and subconscious, 3
See also specific sensation or topic
sensory deprivation, 1–2
sensory overload, 2
Sex and the City (TV show), 114
sexual behavior: red and, 63
sexual orientation: weight and, 44–45, 46, 48
sexuality. See homosexuality
Shakespeare, William, 12
Shavuot party, 83–84, 88, 90, 94
size
of food, 139–42
power and, 121, 133, 138–42, 145, 146
See also height
skin: as sensitive organ, 22–23
smells
cleanliness, 3, 186–87
consumer behavior and, 183–91
disgusting, 160, 161, 187
fishy, 187–91
metaphors about, 187–88, 190, 191
smoothies experiment, 141
smoothness, 24–25, 29–31, 32, 33–35
sociability, 103, 185–86
softness, 24–29, 32, 33–35
Sons of Darkness, 86–91
Sons of Light, 86–91
space/distance
brain and, 109–10
and characteristics of emotionally distant people, 115–17
and closeness as better, 117–20
and importance of embodied cognition theory, 212
importance of, 112
importance of orientation of objects and people in, 107–8
and long-distance communication, 112–15
metaphors about, 108, 115
personal and, 107–12
power and, 146
relationships and, 108, 109, 112–15, 117–20
smells and, 186
and too close, 120
violations of, 109
zones in, 109
Spark (Ratey), 203
sports
color and, 52, 81, 91–93, 94
and height-power relationship, 133
penalties in, 93
performance in, 52, 60–61, 62
red and, 60–61, 62, 81
smells and, 184
uniforms in, 91–92, 94
Stalin, Joseph, 134
Star Wars series, 87
status, 77, 78–79, 212. See also power
stereotypes, 55, 136
stress, 104, 173
Stroop effect, 88–90, 98–99, 123, 137, 138–39
Styron, William, 87
subconscious, 3, 59, 61
success: height and, 127–28
suspicion: scent of, 187–91
sweetness, 175–79, 210
T
T-shirt space/distance experiment, 110–11
tactile. See touch; type of touch
Tashlikh tradition, 194
taste
of fast food, 179–83
honey, 175–76
influence of, 211
metaphors about, 177, 179
moral judgments and, 8
sweet, 175–79, 210
technology
and challenges facing embodied cognition research, 216–17
and long-distance communication, 112
Tel Aviv University, 88, 103–4, 113, 156
temperature
and challenges facing embodied cognition research, 216
decision making and, 6
generosity and, 17–19
influence of, 3, 7–19
intimacy and, 9–10, 19
and judgments about people, 72
loneliness and, 12–17
metaphors about, 213
mood and, 6, 214
negotiations and, 7–8
and sale of Tel Aviv apartment, 7–8
trust and, 17–19
Williams and Bargh experiments with, 4–5, 8–9, 17–18
See also warmth
Teresa, Mother, 85
testosterone, 144
tests/examinations
cheating on, 3
Elliot’s research about, 55–56
gender and, 54–55
performance on, 3, 54–60, 61, 62
race and, 54–55
red and, 3, 54–60, 61
showering before, 3
stereotypes and, 55
texture
abstractions and, 31, 32–33
behavior and, 31
embodied cognition theory and, 31
and Esau-Jacob story, 21–22
importance of, 31–33
intimacy and, 23, 34
metaphors about, 25, 31, 32–33
negotiations/bargaining and, 27, 33–35, 214
perceptions and, 31, 34
performance and, 214
rough-smooth and, 29–31
and scaffolding of experience, 31–33
verbal expressions and, 22
See also touch; type of texture
Time magazine: photos of people in, 130–31
time-share unit sales meeting, 147–49
touch
and challenges facing embodied cognition research, 216
experiments that mimic, 24
gender identity and, 27–28
influence of, 23–24, 25–29, 209, 211, 214
and intimacy, 23, 34
jigsaw puzzle experiment about, 30–31
language and, 23
and magic show experiment, 26–27
metaphors about, 25, 32–33
negotiations/bargaining and, 27, 33–35
nonverbal communication and, 23–24
and sense of security, 34–35
trust and, 24
types of, 24–25
See also texture; type of touch
trust, 17–19, 24, 187–91
Trust Game, 188
truth: and questioning of sensations, 22
Turkey: Israeli relations with, 122
Twain, Mark, 142, 203
two brothers study: space/distance and, 116–17
U
unconscious, 5, 6, 92–93, 165
uniforms: black and white, 91–92, 94
University of Toronto: temperature experiments at, 13–14
unusual uses task, 209
Up in the Air (movie/book), 114
urban environment: sensory overload in, 2
V
Valency, Alon, 69, 69n
verbal expressions: texture and, 22
Verizon, 184
Vermont ski trip, Lobel’s, 147–49
vertical positioning
in business, 124–26
embodied cognition theory and, 123, 146
God-Devil and, 137–38
influence of, 211
metaphors and, 123, 145
negativity-positivity and, 136–38, 146
physical attraction and, 135–36
power and, 121–24, 132–36, 145, 146
Stroop effect and, 123, 137
See also height
video games study: red and, 63
videoconferencing, 113
virtual reality: and challenges facing embodied cognition research, 217–18
volunteering. See helping others
W
waiting room smell experiment, 185–86
waitress experiment: red and, 74
War Scroll, 87
warmth
and challenges facing embodied cognition research, 216
of coffee, 4–5, 8–9, 213–14
and importance of embodied cognition theory, 212
and judgments about people, 72, 214
as promoting interpersonal relationships, 9–10
See also temperature
weight
abstractions and, 40–41
backpack experiment about, 46
book experiment about, 41
clipboard studies and, 3, 38–40, 43, 44, 213–14
decision making and, 43–44
easing the burden of, 49
gender and, 39
grading papers study about, 42–43
and importance, 38–41, 44, 215
and importance of embodied cognition theory, 211, 212
and Lobel’s decision to write book, 37–38
metaphors and, 38
résume study about, 3, 41–42
and secrets, 44–48, 49
sexual orientation and, 44–45, 46, 48
Weiner, Jennifer, 116
white, 83–85, 86, 88–90, 94. See also light
Wikipedia: photos of people in, 130–31
Williams, Laurence, 4–5, 8–9, 17–18
The Wizard of Oz (movie): color and, 52
word experiments
and cleaning-morality study, 151
and cleaning-smell link, 186
morality and, 98–99, 151
and positivity and negativity, 96–97
and separating light from darkness, 96–97, 98–99, 207
size-power relationship and, 139
vertical positioning–power relationship and, 124
Y
Yale University: temperature studies at, 4–5, 8–9, 17–18
yoga, 216
Z
Zhong, Chen-Bo, 150–51, 156
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lobel, Thalma.
Sensation : the new science of physical intelligence / Thalma Lobel, Ph.D. pages cm