as tool of ruling class, 302–3
See also police; police brutality; police corruption; specific person or topic
New York Post, 129, 278, 281, 321, 332
New York State Court of Appeals: Whitmore case in, 352
New York Times
Bin Wahad/BLA letter to, 318–19, 332, 335, 336
and Bin Wahad’s Curry-Binetti shooting trial, 362
and Bin Wahad’s “soapbox radicalism,” 388
and Black Panthers benefit, 223
and Black Panthers-police relations, 239
and Borrero case as vindication for Brooklyn D.A.’s office, 170
and Brooklyn Criminal Court incident, 242
Career Girl Murders story in, 11, 26
and D.A. leaks to media, 135
and Forman-Panthers incident, 214–15
and Furey petition, 238
and Gallashaw-Dean murder case, 174
and Genovese murder, 119
Hoover comment about Black Panthers in, 244
Knapp Commission stories in, 281, 342, 343
and license plate from Curry-Binetti shooting, 321–22
Lindsay endorsement by, 153
Malcolm X interview by, 182
March on Washington story in, 11
and NYPD investigation of circumstances surrounding Whitmore confession, 146
and origins of Third Degree, 43
and Panther Twenty-one case, 278
and Phillips conviction, 382
police brutality editorial in, 242
and police corruption, 280, 281, 308, 346
and Powell’s accusations, 124
prison censorship of, 58
and race riots, 200
and Rockefeller investigation, 265, 266
and role of Whitmore case in Miranda decision, 171
Serpico story in, 345
and shooting of policemen, 362
and Stewart arrest, 252
survey about racial attitudes by, 175
and Whitmore arraignment, 59
Whitmore comment in, 391
World Telegram as competitor of, 104
New York University: Cleaver speech at, 247
Newark, New Jersey: race riot in, 198–201, 224 Newsweek magazine, 12, 25, 26, 98, 153
Newton, Huey P.
arrests of, 196–97, 208–9
and Bin Wahad, 208, 209, 225, 289, 292, 296, 297, 298, 299, 319
and corruption among Black Panthers, 290, 294–95, 298
and drugs, 292, 296, 298
and establishment of New York City chapter of Black Panthers, 186
and FBI, 293, 294
and founding of Black Panthers, 290
founding of Black Panthers by, 185
and “Free Huey” movement, 208–9, 214
as fund raising for Black Panthers, 289
Hilliard’s relationship with, 286
as icon among Black Panthers, 291
impact on Black Panthers of, 224
influence on Cleaver of, 205, 206
and leadership of Black Panthers, 216, 218, 267, 285, 287, 295–96
lifestyle of, 294–95, 319–20
manslaughter conviction of, 247, 251
and Napier murder, 315, 318
and New Haven rally, 296–99
New York City visits of, 186
New York visits of, 290, 291, 294–95
and Panther Twenty-one case, 287, 288, 295–96, 297, 299, 315, 319
paranoia of, 292, 298, 299
payback for conviction of, 247–48, 251
plans to assassinate, 297–98
and police as pigs, 227
and police as tool of ruling class, 302–3
in prison, 216, 267, 285, 288
and purpose of Black Panthers, 289
and RAM, 196–97
release from prison of, 289–90
security force for, 298
as Shabazz security detail member, 205, 206
SNCC meeting with, 186
social services concept of, 338
and spread of Black Panthers, 226, 235
and Webb murder, 313
Newton, Melvin, 214, 297
Nineteenth Precinct (Manhattan), 21, 23, 72
Nixon, Richard M., 266, 331–32
nonviolence tactic, 113, 183, 186, 218
numbers racket, 20, 122–23, 249, 339, 344
NYPD. See New York Police Department
Oakland, California
black activists in, 185
Black Panther Party in, 205, 224, 225, 228, 281, 285, 286, 288, 290–91
Odinga, Baba, 282
O’Dwyer, William, 124
O’Hara, Charles E., 38
O’Keefe (patrolman), 305, 309
Old Homestead steakhouse (Manhattan): Knapp investigators–Phillips discussion at, 312–313
Olds, Frankie, 21–22
Olivia (friend of Phillips), 88
Omar (Black Panther member), 316
O’Meara, Margaret, 44
“Open Letter to the Harlem Community” (Black Panthers), 186–87
Operation 42 (NYPD), 60–61
OPERATION NEWKILL (FBI-NYPD), 332–33, 335, 336, 338, 387
Operation Safe City (Lindsay campaign program), 154
OPERATION SHUT DOWN (Black Panther Party), 187
O’Reilly, Terrence, 361, 362
Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU), 113–14, 243
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 29, 30
Pacino, Al, 345
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 266
Pan-Africanism, 291, 389
Panther Twenty-one case
arrests of Panthers in, 273–74
bail for some members in, 288
and Bin Wahad’s letter to New York Times, 295–96, 319
and black liberation movement, 320
and Black Panther organization, 285–87, 294–96, 297, 298, 315
and corruption among Black Panthers, 298
fund raising for, 288, 294
indictment in, 277–79
jury in, 320, 360, 368
and media, 277–79, 281
and Newton, 295–96, 297, 299, 315, 319
and Panther’s open letter, 295–96
pretrial activities in, 282–88
protests concerning, 284–85
and splits among Black Panthers, 295–96, 301, 319
trial of, 285, 288, 299, 302, 307
verdict in, 320–21, 334
See also specific person
“Panther Twenty-one Manifesto,” 284, 291
Parole Board, New York State, 116–17, 142, 383–85
Passin’ It On (documentary), 388
patriotism: and race relations, 198
“The Payback” (Brown), 299
Payne, Beverly, 33–34, 41–42, 54–55, 101, 139
PBS-TV
Bin Wahad documentary on, 388
The 51st State on, 355, 357, 371–72
Peace and Freedom Party, 246
Penniwell, Ron, 235
Pentagon
and Bin Wahad-Roberts gun-running mission, 272
march on, 207
People’s Revolutionary Constitutional Convention, 291–92
Permanent Coordination Committee on Police and Minority Groups, 154
Pete (retired NYPD detective), 89, 90
The Phil Donahue Show (TV show), 388
Phillips, Camille, 88, 162, 163, 258–59, 347, 369
Phillips, Joseph A., 284, 307, 320
Phillips, William R. Jr. “Bill”
in air force, 259
awards and commendations for, 222, 223
black prejudice of, 83–84, 86, 91, 93
and Blue Wall of Silence, 165–66, 260–61, 282, 343–44, 370
Career Girl Murders investigation by, 18–19
CBS newsmagazine profile of, 383
and CCRB, 160–61
and
Clark incidents, 124–25
code of, 165–66
commitment to NYPD of, 260–61
as “conditions man,” 87, 340
conscience of, 127
conviction and sentencing of, 382
demotion to patrolman of, 90–91
documentary about, 385
and drugs, 91, 123, 124–25, 304
early police career of, 19, 20–24, 86–87
family and personal life of, 19, 20, 84, 88–89, 258–59
and father’s death, 259–61
fear of prison by, 382
and Grosso, 125, 126
in Harlem, 91–93, 255–57, 258–59, 346
and Harlem riots, 220–23
health of, 384
in hiding, 385
and Hollander prostitution operation, 304–6, 308–10
and infractions of police protocol, 89–93
and King assassination, 220
and Knapp Commission, 282, 308–13, 339–40, 341–44, 364, 365, 366, 368, 370, 382, 383
language of, 339, 342
as learning from errors of others, 164
legal studies of, 383
LIE airplane landing of, 163
and limits of thievery, 164
and Lindsay election, 121
and McCoy arrest and death, 220–23
memoir of, 19, 83–84, 312, 346–47, 369, 382
and Newark riots, 201
and NYPD–black radicals war, 255
and NYPD payback, 366, 368
NYPD reaction to Knapp testimony by, 343–44
parole hearings for, 383–85
perjury by, 23–24
as pilot, 162–64, 305
at P.J. Clarke’s Saloon, 257, 258, 304, 305, 309, 312
in prison, 382–85
problems of, 89–93
promotion to detective of, 87
and race riots, 201–2
release from prison of, 385
reputation of, 87, 166
restored to detective, 339
and rich versus poor in jail, 167
scoring/scams of, 19, 86–87, 88–89, 90, 91–93, 122, 123, 124–25, 160–62, 255–58, 260, 304
self-image of, 165
and Smith (Jimmy), 257–58
sports car of, 257
spreading the wealth by, 161, 282, 339
and Torres, 126, 127
trials of, 367–70, 382
undercover work of, 339–40
as untouchable, 164
and use of force, 121–22
vacation of, 93
views about ghetto areas of, 346–47
and whorehouse murder case, 364–66, 367–70, 382
Phillips, William R. Sr., 19, 20, 86, 90, 91, 259–60, 261, 304, 343
photograph, Whitmore’s: and Career Girls Murders, 45–46, 54, 59, 78–79, 103, 106, 150
Piagentini, Joseph, 322, 330–31, 335–36
P.J. Clarke’s Saloon (Manhattan), 257, 258, 304, 305, 309, 312
Podell, Bertram L., 145
police
Bin Wahad’s views about, 60
black relationship with, 62, 70–77, 84, 85–86, 156–59, 187
as enemies, 60, 61, 225
extracting of confessions by, 43–44
gangs as threat to, 60–62
interrogation methods of, 51
as pigs, 227
protector role of, 85–86
and shooting of policemen, 386
on vacations, 93
Whitmore’s trust of, 17
See also New York Police Department; police brutality; police corruption; specific person or event
police brutality, 71, 74
and Black Panthers–police war, 281
and Blue Wall of Silence, 122
and Borrero case, 99–100, 101, 102
and “community policing” proposal, 303
Malcolm X’s comments about, 182–83
and media, 128, 242
NAACP concerns about, 128
in 1990s, 393–94
NYPD reputation for, 43–44
as part of the job, 43–44, 121–22
Phillips’ views about, 121–22
and police corruption, 307
and race issues, 199, 377
and Whitmore case, 40, 99–100, 101
police commissioners, 154–55, 281–82, 380, 394
police corruption
and BLA-police war, 338–39, 350–51
and Black Panthers, 279–81, 301
and Blue Wall of Silence, 282
and community policing proposal, 304
and drugs, 123–24, 280, 308, 343, 344, 345, 350
federal investigation of, 308
and fixing cases, 309–10
and gambling, 280, 307–8, 345
in ghetto areas, 346–47
and “grass and meat eaters,” 363–64
and Hayden arrest, 253–54
and Lindsay, 280
main areas of, 307–8
and media, 280, 308, 346, 347
as norm, 24, 280
and numbers racket, 344
Phillips as poster child for, 127
and police brutality, 307
Powell’s accusations about, 123–24
public complaints about, 124
and racism, 347, 359
in SIU, 308
and spreading the wealth, 161, 282, 339, 364
trials concerning, 351
and Whitmore as symbol of injustice, 378
See also Knapp Commission; specific person
Policeman’s Benevolent Association (PBA), 155, 159–60, 173, 175–76, 239, 280, 322–23, 344
Policy Squad, NYPD, 20
Powell, Adam Clayton Jr., 123–24, 125, 346
Powell, Curtis, 282, 351
Powell, James, 70–71, 72
Pratt, Geronimo, 290
Preventive Enforcement Patrol (PEP), 345
prison
beatings in, 65
Bin Wahad’s views about, 65
Black Panthers in, 373
Box in, 65–66, 67, 115, 117
censorship of newspapers in, 58–59
institutional racism in, 65
Malcolm X’s views about, 114–15, 141
Muslims in, 66, 67, 115, 129, 373
racism in, 65, 250
rich versus poor in, 167
screening cells in, 65
as state of mind, 141
See also specific prison or person
Progressive Labor Movement, 72
prostitution, 91, 307–8, 364. See also Hollander (Xaviera) prostitution operation
psychiatric evaluations, Whitmore’s, 57, 67–69, 78, 94, 101, 169, 171, 194, 209, 210
Public Protector Award, 81
Puerto Rican gangs, 189–91
Puerto Rico, Beldock-Raab trip to, 355–57
Qualls, Augustus, 180–81, 327–28, 329, 330, 333, 336, 337, 361
Queens
Bin Wahad in, 181–83, 204
Black Panthers in, 273–74, 294–95, 314, 315, 359
Genovese murder in, 118–19
RAM in, 197
shooting of policemen in, 381
Queens House of Detention: Whitmore at, 146, 171
Raab, Selwyn, 103–5, 210, 325, 352–57, 370, 371–72, 373
race/racism
Alex NYPD interviews about, 348–49
and attitudes about drugs, 27