social services of, 338
splits within, 288–300, 313–14, 315–18, 319, 320, 358–59
spread of, 185–86, 226, 234–35, 270, 287–88, 290, 358
as symbol and motivator, 186
Ten-Point Program of, 224, 226, 227, 235
UN press conference of, 214
weapons procurement by, 271–72
and Webb murder, 313, 314, 316, 318
Whitmore’s lack of knowledge about, 187
women as, 235–38, 244, 272
See also Panther Twenty-one case; specific person or chapter
Black Power movement, 184–85, 186, 196, 197–98, 203, 204–5, 216, 218, 283, 285, 321, 359
blacks
Bulger’s determination of lying by, 81, 150
and definition of Negro, 245
and drugs, 27
and JFK assassination, 29
migration of, 14, 27, 302
pejoratives for, 74, 84, 86
police relationship with, 62, 70–77, 84, 86, 156–59, 187, 394
poverty of, 69–70, 74
reactions to King assassination among, 220–23
reactions to Knapp Commission hearings among, 345–46
and Whitmore’s coercion claims, 70
See also race/racism; specific person or organization
Bloom, Robert, 351, 359, 361, 363
blue plastic wrapper (Career Girls Murders), 44–45, 52, 80, 148–49
Blue Ribbon jury, 139–40, 145
Blue Wall of Silence, 122, 165–66, 260–61, 282, 313, 343–44, 370
Blumstein’s (Harlem department store), 3
Bohemian Crowns gang, 60
bombings, and Panther Twenty-one case, 277–79
Bonanno, Joe, 27
Borrero (Elba) case
appeals in, 169, 171, 187, 192, 195, 209–12, 231, 325, 351–52, 354–58, 371
arrest and arraignment of Whitmore for, 47–48, 56, 79, 106
and assault on Borrero, 35–37
and Borrero’s identification of Whitmore, 36–37, 82, 95–96, 97–98, 106, 168, 193–94, 211–12, 263–66, 325, 352, 354–56, 372, 375–76
Borrero’s testimonies in, 96–98, 167–68, 193–94, 263–65
and Brooklyn D.A.’s office, 106, 169–70, 192, 193, 325, 372–73, 375–76, 391
button in, 97, 102, 103, 104, 130, 131–32
and Career Girls Murders case, 95, 98, 103, 130, 135, 168, 169, 192
charges against Whitmore in, 94–95
conviction of Whitmore in, 102, 132, 169–70, 192, 194, 352
decision to proceed with prosecution of, 81, 82
and Edmonds case, 130, 132, 136, 151, 171, 192
and film about Whitmore case, 325–26, 353, 370, 371–72
first trial in, 96–105
hearing about jurors in, 129–32
hearings about Borrero identification in, 263–66
interrogation of Whitmore about, 36–37, 39, 47
jury in, 96, 98, 103–6, 129–32
McKearney official statement about, 53
and media, 95, 102, 103, 104–5, 106, 132
Neuberger-Whitmore discussion about, 192–93
no defense strategy for Whitmore in, 168–69
offer of a deal on, 95
overturning of Whitmore conviction in, 132, 192
and police brutality, 102
prejudice in, 129–32
preparation for trial for, 94–101
reopening of, 372–73, 374–75
and reward in Career Girls Murders case, 98
second trial of Whitmore in, 132, 167–69
sentencing of Whitmore in, 169, 194
sexual dimensions of, 95
third trial in, 192, 193–95
vacating of Whitmore conviction in, 375–77
and Viruet testimony, 354–57, 372
Whitmore bail hearing in, 171–72
and Whitmore lawsuit against New York City, 391
and Whitmore as witness to assault, 35
and Whitmore’s confession, 50, 53, 99, 130, 192, 193
Whitmore’s reaction to verdict in, 102
and Whitmore’s release on bail, 231
and Whitmore’s robbery conviction, 276, 277
Whitmore’s testimonies in, 99–100, 101–2
BOSS (Bureau of Special Services) (NYPD), 243–44, 255, 268, 301–2, 303–4, 358
the Box, 65–66, 67, 115, 117, 142, 144, 179
Boyle, Robert, 386–87
Branker (detective), 149
Brent (police sergeant), 149
Breslin, Jimmy, 119, 120
Broderick, Vincent L., 154–55
Bronx
Bin Wahad childhood in, 60, 62–63
Bin Wahad and Joseph hiding in, 314
Bin Wahad return to, 179–81
BLA in, 380
Black Panthers in, 235, 289
Elsmere Tenants Association in, 244
gangs in, 60–61
housing projects in, 63
policemen homes outside, 394
See also Triple-O social club; specific person
Brooklyn
Black Panthers in, 273–74, 289
gambling in, 124
gangs in, 189–91
Manhattan rivalry with, 44–45, 81–82
and police views about race, 349
police violence in, 76
policemen’s homes outside, 394
riots in, 76, 128
and Whitmore TV film, 371
Whitmore’s return to, 324
See also specific person or section
Brooklyn Criminal Court
and Black Panthers Nostrand Avenue–police incident, 228–29
Black Panthers–police incident at, 239–42, 267
Whitmore arraignment in, 59
Whitmore bail hearing in, 171
Brooklyn D.A.’s office
and Borrero case, 106, 169–70, 192, 193, 325, 372–73, 375–76, 391
and Edmonds case, 136–37
and Everett trials, 128
fears of retribution within, 135, 136
and Gallashaw-Dean murder case, 174–75
leaking of information by, 106, 135, 136
and Rockefeller investigation of circumstances surrounding Whitmore confession, 266
Whitmore case as embarrassment to, 193
and Whitmore (Gerald)–Puerto Rican death, 190–91
See also specific person
Brooklyn House of Detention: Whitmore at, 67, 68, 101, 106, 129, 138, 141, 144, 146, 188, 352
Brooklyn Supreme Court
Edmonds murder trial in, 137
Whitmore hearing in, 263–66
Brothers, David, 241
Brown, Claude, 27–28
Brown, Egbert, 92–93
Brown, James, 180, 299
Brown, Ronald, 275–76
Brownstein, Irwin, 372–73, 375–76
Brownsville (Brooklyn)
arrest of Black Panthers in, 239–41
riots in, 76
Whitmore moves to, 32, 33–34
Whitmore returns to, 188
and Whitmore TV film, 371
Bruh, Brian, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 339, 340
Buckley, William F. Jr., 85, 119, 120, 153, 198, 278
Buffalo State University, 383
Bulger, Edward J., 53
appearance of, 42–43
awards for, 81
and blue plastic wrapper, 44–45, 80
and Brooklyn-Manhattan rivalry, 44–45
Career Girls murder case assigned to, 44
and Career Girls Murders trial, 148–50, 151
and Coleman-O’Meara case, 44, 103, 127
determination of lying blacks by, 81, 150
and Edmonds case, 138
Glass discussion with, 80–81
interrogation techniques of, 45
and media, 54, 59
pulled off Career Girls mur
der case, 45
reputation of, 43, 44, 45
retirement of, 148
and Rockefeller investigation, 265
and scenario for Career Girl Murders, 48–49
and Whitmore interrogation, 42–43, 45–46, 48–49, 79, 138, 150, 265
and Whitmore statement/confession, 50, 51, 53, 80, 265
Whitmore’s lack of identification of, 138
Bull, Iris, 204, 206, 208, 223, 226, 229, 245, 272
Bureau of Prisons, New York, 58, 117, 129, 141, 179, 373
Burnham, David, 240–41, 280, 281
Bushwick (Brooklyn): black gangs in, 189
Cannon, Jimmy, 257
Cape May Court House (New Jersey): Whitmore at, 276–77, 393
Cardillo, Phillip, 366, 367
“Career Girl, Watch Your Step” (Max Wylie), 26–27
Career Girls Murders
and blue plastic wrapper, 44–45, 52, 80, 148–49
and Borrero case, 95, 103, 130, 135, 168, 169, 192
D.A. Office leaks to media about, 135–36
decision to proceed with prosecution in, 83
and discovery of bodies, 7–11
dismissal of charges against Whitmore in, 135–36, 141
and doubts about Whitmore’s guilt, 79–81
and Edmonds case, 135, 141
expediting of prosecution of, 69
as high-priority investigation, 25
initial investigation/police reports of, 12, 25–26
jury for, 151
and Kennedy assassination, 28–29
and knife, 56, 110
lack of progress in investigation of, 25–26, 30–31
McKearney official statement about, 53–54
media reports about, 11–12, 53–54, 59, 79, 110, 111, 151–52
and NAACP, 135
and photograph, 45–46, 54, 59, 78–79, 103, 106, 150
press conference concerning, 151–52
protection of investigation of, 83
public reactions to, 118
as race issue, 28, 82
as referendum on police practices, 146
reward offered in, 25, 98
and Robles, 106–10, 111, 112, 127, 128, 135, 141, 146–52, 336, 368, 371
scenarios for, 18, 48–49
sensationalism of, 25, 28–29
and soda bottles, 47, 80, 110
suspects in, 45, 82–83
trial for, 146–52
and vacating of Whitmore conviction, 377
and Whitman’s legal problems, 351–52
Whitmore alibi for, 79, 106, 219
and Whitmore’s arraignment, 54–57, 59
Whitmore’s confession/statement concerning, 49–52, 56, 58, 59, 70, 80, 82, 146
Whitmore’s drawing about, 48–49, 147–48
Whitmore’s interrogation about, 45–49, 150–51
Whitmore’s testimony about, 146–48
Wylie’s (Max) writing about, 26–27
See also Hoffert, Emily; Wylie, Janice; specific person
Carey, Richard F., 48
Carmichael, Stokely, 183–85, 186, 187, 198, 204–5
Carson, Sonny, 173–74
Cassese, John, 155, 159, 239
Castro, Fidel, 247
Cavanaugh, Thomas, 106, 108, 109, 371
Cawley, Donald F., 380
CBS newsmagazine: Phillips profile for, 383
CBS-TV
The Marcus-Nelson Murders on, 370–72
The Hate That Hate Produced on, 243
Whitmore film for, 353, 370–72
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 29, 173–74
Cetewayo (aka Michael Tabor), 272, 282, 284, 287, 288, 291, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 319, 320
check-cashing store (New Jersey): robbery at, 392–93
Chesimard, JoAnne (aka Assata Shakur), 338, 381–82
Chicago Eight, 284
Chicago, Illinois, Black Panther Party in, 281, 290
Church (Frank) Committee, hearings by, 386
Civil Liberties Union, New York, 141
civil rights
and Bin Wahad case, 183, 386–88
Black Power as outgrowth of battle for, 198
and Borrero’s identification of Whitmore, 212
and goals of Black Panthers, 359
progress in New York City of, 69–70, 76, 393–94
Whitmore case as matter of, 110–11, 114, 391
Civil Rights Act (1964), 69
civil rights movement
in Alabama, 30, 120, 184
black indifference to, 128
and censorship of prison newspapers, 59
FBI investigation of, 215–16
Kennedy support for, 29–30
leadership of, 214
in Mississippi, 85, 184
New York Times survey about, 175
and Panther Twenty-one case, 285
shift in priorities of, 127
splits within, 216
“white backlash” against, 175
Whitmore’s lack of knowledge about, 187
See also specific person or organization
Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB), 154–55, 159–61, 173, 175–76
Clark, Freddy, 124–25
Cleaver, Eldridge
in Algiers, 266–67, 274, 288–89, 292, 313
Algonquin Hotel press conference of, 246–47
arrests of, 224, 266
background of, 205
and Black Panthers, 205, 206, 208, 214, 215, 216, 226, 286, 288–89, 290, 292, 300, 315
and gun battle with Oakland police, 224
influence on Bin Wahad of, 205, 206, 208, 216, 225, 246, 358
and leadership of Black Panthers, 216, 288–89, 290, 292, 300, 315
New York visit of, 246
and Panther-police shootout in Oakland, 286
and police repression, 216–17
as presidential candidate, 246–47
in prison, 205
and Ramparts-police encounter, 205–6
revocation of parole of, 266
security detail for, 246, 247
Shabazz meeting with, 205
Soul on Ice by, 216, 246
Cleaver, Kathleen, 224, 290
Cleveland, Ohio: Black Panthers in, 226, 241
Clinton Correctional Facility for Women (New Jersey), 381
COINTELPRO (counter-intelligence program), FBI, 215–16, 244–45, 270, 292–94, 297, 300, 301, 320, 358, 386
Coleman, David, 44, 127
Coleman, William, 103
Collegian Crowns gang, 60
Collier, Robert, 282
Colonial Park Housing Project (Harlem), 322, 336
Colson Lumber Company, 275, 276
Coltrane, John, 224
Comerford, James J., 55, 56, 57
Committee to Defend the Panther Twenty-one, 287, 294, 298
Committee to Defend Richard “Dhoruba” Moore, 360
communism, 121, 226, 243, 269, 278, 281
“community policing,” 302, 303–4
“Comstock” (Great Meadow Correctional Facility), 58, 65, 115–17, 142, 249–50
“conditions man,” 87, 340
Condon, Richard, 307
confession, Whitmore
and abolishment of death penalty in New York State, 145
and appeals by Whitmore, 192, 210
and Borrero case, 50, 53, 99, 100, 130, 169, 192, 193
and Career Girls Murders, 49–52, 56, 58, 59, 70, 80, 82, 146
D.A. Office’s doubts about, 135–36
and Edmonds case, 50, 53, 136–38, 140
Hundley hearing about, 137–38
Koota investigation of circumstances surrounding, 136–37