26.Bartolomé Martínez y Vela, Archivo Boliviano, Colección de Documentos Relativos a la Historia de Bolivia, ed. Vicente de Ballivían y Roxas, Paris, 1872. Bartolomé Arzans de Orsúa y Vela, Historia de la Villa Imperial de Potosí, ed. Lewis Hanke and Gunnar Mendoza, Brown University, 1965. Alberto Crespo Rodas, La Guerra Entre Vicuñas y Vascongados, Lima, 1965. John Lynch, The Hispanic World in Crisis and Change 1598–1700, Oxford, 1992, pp. 328–39.
27.Rubén Vargas Ugarte, Historia del Perú, Lima, 1949, pp. 36, 37.
28.John Julius Norwich, Byzantium, the Decline and Fall, London, Penguin Books, 1995, p. 421.
29.Stirling-Maxwell, The Cloister Life, p. 246.
30.Arthur Zimmerman, Francisco de Toledo, New York, Greenwood, 1968, p. 101.
31.Ibid., p. 103.
32.Gobernantes del Perú, Vol. 2, pp. 44, 45.
33.Harold Wethey, Colonial Architecture and Sculpture in Peru, Harvard, 1949, p. 39.
34.Juan de Matienzo was the author of ‘Gobierno del Perú’. He died at Sucre in 1579. Juan Polo de Ondegardo, also a lawyer, wrote at length on Inca traditions and customs. He too died at Sucre, in 1575. Polo de Ondegardo, El Mundo de los Incas. Cristóbal de Molina, a native of Jaén, was for some thirty years a priest at Cuzco, and wrote extensively on Inca traditions and religion. He died at Cuzco in 1585. Cristóbal de Molina, Fábulas y mitos de los Incas, ed. Henrique Urbano y Pierre Duviols, Historia 16, Madrid, 1989.
35.Informaciones Acera del Señorío de los Incas, pp. 257–9.
36.Gobernantes del Perú, Vol. VII, pp. 117–28.
37.Stephen Clissold, Conquistador, London, Derek Verschoyle, 1954, Chapter 14.
38.Espinoza, Los Orejones, p. 67. A number of Inca lords were later forced to work for the Cañaris, who were exempt from the mita. Ibid., p. 81. Only in 1602 would the mita for Incas be abolished. Plight of lords: SL.
39.FSL.
40.Baltasar de Ocampo, Vol. VII, pp. 306–44.
41.Vargas Ugarte, Historia del Perú, p. 258.
42.The Mercedarian friar confuses Mansio’s son, who was by then dead, with his grandson Juan-Pablo de Leguizamón.
43.Ghost dance: Dee Brown, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, London, Vintage, 1991, p. 431. Huacas and Taki Onqoy: El Retorno de las Huacas, Lima, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 1990, p. 214.
44.Palma, Tradiciones, p. 216.
45.Archivo General de Indias, Seville, Patronato, 216.
46.Mansio died sometime at the begining of 1590: FSL.
1.The opening section of his religious declaration is omitted.
Appendix 2
1.The manuscript consists of fifty questions put to each of the twenty-one witnesses, two of whom, the conquistadors Diego Maldonado, el rico, and Nicolás de Ribera, el mozo, were at the time unable to attend the hearing, and whose subsequent testimonies have been lost. Though the evidence of most of the witnesses was given on separate days, and only relates to the events in which they were present, in order to maintain a sequence of continuity their answers are listed after each of Mansio’s itemized statements, and translated in the first person singular.
FURTHER READING
SPAIN
Fletcher, Richard. The Quest for El Cid, Oxford University Press, 1989
Kamen, Henry. The Spanish Inquisition, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1997
Lynch, John. Spain Under the Hapsburgs, Oxford University Press, Vol. 1, 1981
Parker, Geoffrey. Philip II, Illinois, Chicago & La Salle, 1996
PERU
Garcilaso de la Vega. The Royal Commentaries of the Incas and General History of Peru, trs. Harold Livermore, 2 vols, Austin, University of Texas Press, 1966
Hemming, John. The Conquest of the Incas, London, Papermac, 1993
Lockhart, James. The Men of Cajamarca, University of Texas Press, 1972
——. Spanish Peru 1532–1560, University of Wisconsin Press, 1994
Zimmerman, Arthur Franklin. Francisco de Toledo, New York, Greenwood Press, 1968