Cambridge, ref1
Cambridge, statute of, ref1
Cambridge University, ref1
Cambridgeshire, ref1
campaigns, ref1
Scottish, ref1
terminology, ref1
see also chevauchées; ravaging
campball, ref1
cannibalism, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
cannon, ref1, ref2
canon law, ref1
Canterbury cathedral, ref1
Capetian kings, ref1, ref2
Carcassonne, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Black Prince and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Carl the Hold, ref1
Carlisle, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Casseneuil, ref1
Castlenaudary, ref1
castles, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
abandonment of, ref1
crusader, ref1, ref2
under John, ref1, ref2
pre-Conquest scarcity, ref1, ref2
proliferation of, ref1
see also sieges
castration, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Catalonia, ref1
Cathars, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Catholics, ref1, ref2, ref3
cats, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
cavalry, ref1, ref2
crusader, ref1
‘prickers’, ref1
and sieges, ref1, ref2
Cavendish, Sir John, ref1
cemeteries, pillaging of, ref1
Cerisy, ref1
Chalus Chabrol, siege of, ref1
Chambly, siege of, ref1
Champagne, ref1
champions, ref1
Chandos Herald, ref1, ref2, ref3
Channel Islands, ref1
chansons de geste, ref1
Chansons des Lorrains, ref1
Chapelyn, Joan, ref1
Charlemagne, ref1, ref2
imperium of, ref1
and Verden killings, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Charles I the Good, Count of Flanders, ref1
Charles I, King of Hungary, ref1
Charles I of Anjou, King of Naples, ref1
Charles II, King of Navarre, ref1
Charles IV the Fair, King of France, ref1
Charles V, Emperor, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Charles V the Wise, King of France, ref1, ref2, ref3
Charles VI the Foolish, King of France, ref1
Charles VIII, King of France, ref1, ref2
Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, ref1
Charny, Geoffrey de, ref1
charters, duplicate, ref1
Château Gaillard, siege of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
and cannibalism, ref1, ref2, ref3
Châteauneuf, ref1
Chaucer, Geoffrey, ref1
Cheshire, ref1
Chesnel, Robert, ref1
Chester, ref1, ref2
chevauchées, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
children
and chivalry, ref1
drinking of their blood, ref1, ref2
and Harrying of the North, ref1
Jewish, ref1, ref2
protection for, ref1, ref2, ref3
and sack of Jerusalem, ref1, ref2
and Scottish invasions, ref1
and siege of Béziers, ref1, ref2
and siege of Leningrad, ref1
and sieges, ref1
and Welsh raids, ref1, ref2
chivalry, ref1–ref2, ref3, ref4
Agincourt and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
and atrocities, ref1
and common soldiers, ref1
development of, ref1, ref2, ref3
‘golden’ age of, ref1, ref2
and kingship, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
military advantages of, ref1, ref2
and non-combatants, ref1, ref2, ref3
and ravaging, ref1
and Roncevaux, ref1
rebellion and, ref1
Scots and, ref1, ref2, ref3
and women, ref1, ref2
Chramnesid, ref1
Christianity, ref1
and fanaticism, ref1
and heresy, ref1
and Jerusalem, ref1, ref2
and Jews, ref1
Christians, ref1, ref2
alliances with Muslims, ref1, ref2
and attacks on Jews, ref1, ref2
and enslavement, ref1, ref2
hostility to Muslims, ref1, ref2
and restraint in war, ref1, ref2
Christine de Pisan, ref1
chronicles, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
and chivalry, ref1
and fear, ref1
and ‘fire and sword’, ref1
language of, ref1
and Richard I and Philip II, ref1, ref2
Chronicles of the First Four Valois, ref1, ref2
Church
attacks on, ref1
early, ref1
and enslavement, ref1
and heresy, ref1
and Jews, ref1
and just war, ref1
and justice system, ref1, ref2, ref3
as landowner, ref1
language of, ref1
and Muslims, ref1
offences against, ref1
offerings to, ref1
and peace, ref1
and sodomy legislation, ref1
and tyranny, ref1
and Verden massacre, ref1
and violence, ref1
and warfare, ref1
wealth of, ref1, ref2, ref3
Church courts, ref1, ref2
churches
attacks on, ref1, ref2, ref3
and John’s campaign, ref1
and pictures of martyrdom, ref1
protection for, ref1
and sanctuary, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
and Scottish invasions, ref1, ref2
and Welsh raids, ref1, ref2
circumvallation and contravallation, ref1
Cistercian abbeys, ref1
Clairvaux, abbot of, ref1
Clarence, George, Duke of, ref1
Clarendon Assizes, ref1
Clement IV, Pope, ref1
clergy
and Albigensian Crusade, ref1
attacks on, ref1, ref2, ref3
at Béziers, ref1, ref2
and John’s campaign, ref1
protection for, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
and rape, ref1, ref2
and Scottish invasions, ref1, ref2
violence by, ref1
and warfare, ref1
wives of, ref1
Clovis, ref1
Cnut, King, ref1
Cock, river, ref1
Coggeshall, ref1, ref2
coinage, ref1, ref2
coining, ref1
Colley, John, ref1
Cologne, archbishops of, ref1
combat training, ref1
common law, formation of, ref1, ref2
Congo, ref1
Conrad III, Emperor, ref1
conrois, ref1
Constantinople, ref1
Constitutio Criminalis Carolina, ref1
Contamine, Philippe, ref1, ref2
Cormicy, siege of, ref1
coronations, ref1
corpses, ransom value of, ref1, ref2
Council of Clermont, ref1
Council of Narbonne, ref1
counterfeiters, ref1, ref2
Courtrai, battle of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
courts, ref1, ref2, ref3
Courts of Chivalry, ref1, ref2
Coutumes de Beauvaisis, ref1
Crak, William, ref1
Crécy, battle of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Crema, siege of, ref1, ref2
crime rates, ref1, ref2, ref3
and war, ref1
Crimean War, ref1
crossbowmen, ref1, ref2, ref3
Cro
uch, David, ref1
Crowland chronicle, ref1
Crowmarsh Castle, ref1
crusades
attrition rates, ref1
crusading movement, ref1
defence-in-depth strategy, ref1
and endemic harshness, ref1
Europe and, ref1, ref2, ref3
expense of, ref1
fear among crusaders, ref1
First Crusade, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
and guerre mortelle, ref1
manpower shortages, ref1
motivations, ref1, ref2
pilgrims on, ref1, ref2
and religious fervour, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Second Crusade, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Seventh Crusade, ref1
Third Crusade, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
see also Albigensian Crusade
Cumbria, ref1
Curry, Anne, ref1, ref2
Damascus, ref1, ref2, ref3
Damme, ref1
Danes, ref1, ref2, ref3
William I and, ref1, ref2
David, Earl of Huntingdon, ref1
David I, King of Scotland, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
David, Prince, of Wales, ref1
Davies, R. R., ref1
D-Day landings, ref1
de Montfort, Simon, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
de Vries, Kelly, ref1
Dean, Trevor, ref1, ref2
decapitation, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
decimation, ref1
Deeds of Henry V, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Deeds of the Franks,ref1, ref2, ref3
defiance, formal, ref1
del Ponte, Carla, ref1
Denmark, ref1
Derbyshire, ref1
Dermot, King of Leinster, ref1, ref2
Derval, ref1
desertion, ref1
Despenser, Hugh, the Younger, ref1, ref2
d’Ibelin, Baudouin, ref1
‘Dice’, ref1
Didbrook, ref1
Die, ref1
discipline, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
disease, ref1, ref2, ref3
and crusades, ref1–ref2, ref3
and sieges, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
dismemberment, ref1
Disputation Between a Clerk and a Knight, ref1
Dives, ref1
divine judgement, ref1, ref2
divine retribution, ref1, ref2, ref3
divorce, ref1
Dockray, Keith, ref1
dogs, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Dol, battle of, ref1
Domesday Book, ref1
Domfront, ref1
Doncaster, ref1, ref2
Dorylaeum, battle of, ref1, ref2
Douglas, David, ref1
Dover, ref1, ref2, ref3
Castle, ref1, ref2, ref3
Dresden, ref1
drowning, ref1, ref2, ref3
du Guesclin, Bertrand, ref1
Dubois, Pierre, ref1
Dunbar, ref1
battle of, ref1
Dunn, Alistair, ref1, ref2
Dunstable annalist, ref1
Durham, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
treaties of, ref1, ref2, ref3
Dyle, battle of, ref1
dysentery, ref1, ref2
Eadmer, ref1
Eadnoth, bishop of Dorchester, ref1
Ealdred, Earl, ref1
East Anglia, ref1, ref2, ref3
East Saxony, ref1
Eastern Europe, ref1
Edessa, ref1
Edgar the Aethling, ref1
Edgington, Susan, ref1
Edward I, King, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
and treason, ref1, ref2–ref3
Edward II, King, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Edward III, King, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
and battles, ref1, ref2
and chevauchées, ref1, ref2, ref3
claim to French throne, ref1
and siege of Berwick, ref1
and siege of Calais, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Edward IV, King, ref1, ref2
Edward, Prince, of Lancaster, ref1
Edward, Prince of Wales, ref1
Edward the Black Prince, ref1, ref2, ref3
and burning of Carcassonne, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
and chevauchées, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
death of, ref1
Eghe, Walter, ref1
Egypt, ref1, ref2
Ancient, ref1
Einhard, ref1, ref2
El Cid, ref1
Elam, Thomas, ref1
Elizabeth of Hungary, ref1
Elmham, Thomas, ref1, ref2, ref3
Ely, ref1, ref2
bishop of, ref1
England
baronial wars, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
and chivalry, ref1, ref2
crime rates, ref1
French invasion, ref1, ref2
Harrying of the North, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
John’s winter campaign, ref1
national identity, ref1
Norman Conquest, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
political opposition in, ref1, ref2, ref3
Scottish invasions, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
English Channel, ref1, ref2
Enguerrand de Chaumont, ref1
Enguerrand de Monstrelet, ref1
enslavement, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Scots and, ref1, ref2
value of slaves, ref1, ref2
entertainments, ref1
Erickson, John, ref1
escalade, ref1, ref2
Essex, ref1
Essex, cannibalism on, ref1, ref2
estrapade, ref1
Ethelred II the ‘Unready’, King, ref1, ref2
ethnic cleansing, ref1, ref2
Eucharist, ref1
Europe
crime in, ref1, ref2
criminal justice in, ref1
and crusades, ref1, ref2, ref3
economic transformation of, ref1
ideas of kingship in, ref1, ref2
land ownership in, ref1
pogroms in, ref1, ref2
rape in, ref1
war in, ref1, ref2
Eustace fitz John, ref1
Evans, Richard, ref1
Evesham, ref1
abbot of, ref1
‘Evil Neighbour’, ref1, ref2
Evreux, ref1
executions, ref1, ref2
crowd participation at, ref1, ref2
decline in, ref1
display of corpses, ref1, ref2, ref3
methods, ref1, ref2
political, ref1
protraction of, ref1
public, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
rescue attempts, ref1
and torture, ref1, ref2, ref3
of women, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Exeter, ref1, ref2
exile, internal, ref1
Faenza, ref1, ref2
Falaise, ref1
Falkirk, battle of, ref1
famine, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
and crusades, ref1
and gastro-intestinal bleeding, ref1, ref2
and Harrying of the North, ref1
and sieges, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7–ref8
Fanjeaux, ref1
Far East, ref1
Fastolf, Sir John, ref1
Fayrcock, Richard, ref1
fear, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Felician, ref1
Ferguson, Niall, ref1
Ferrara, ref1
Ferrers, Henry, ref1
feudalism, ref1
bastard, ref1
feudal compact, ref1
feuds, ref1, ref2, ref3
fines, ref1
fire, ref1
ordeal by, ref1
First World War, ref1, ref2, ref3
Flanders, ref1, ref2, ref3
Flemings, ref1
Flemish, ref1, ref2
Fletcher, Richard, ref1
Flodden, battle of, ref1, ref2
Florence, ref1, ref2, ref3
Foggia, ref1
Folkin, Count of Schwalenberg, ref1
Folville, Richard de, ref1
Fonjeaux, ref1
football, ref1, ref2, ref3
Forest of Dean, ref1
forgers, ref1, ref2
Fortescue, Sir John, ref1
Fossier, Robert, ref1
Fotheringay Castle, ref1
Foucault, Michel, ref1
Fougères, ref1
France, John, ref1, ref2
France
cannon in, ref1
and chevauchées, ref1
and chivalry, ref1, ref2
churches violated, ref1
coronations, ref1
coutumiers, ref1
English claim to throne, ref1
execution methods in, ref1, ref2
feuding in, ref1
Henry V’s campaign in, ref1
heresy in, ref1
ideas of kingship, ref1
independence of cities, ref1
internal warfare in, ref1, ref2, ref3
John and, ref1, ref2, ref3
military successes, ref1
national identity, ref1
parlement, ref1
peasants’ rising, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
strengthening of authority in, ref1
torture in, ref1
treason laws and punishments, ref1
war in, ref1
Francis I, King of France, ref1
Franco, General Francisco, ref1
François de la Palu, ref1
frankpledge, ref1, ref2
Franks, ref1, ref2, ref3
see also Deeds of the Franks
Frederick I Barbarossa, Emperor, ref1, ref2, ref3
Frederick II, Emperor, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Frisia, ref1
Frisians, ref1
Froissart, Jean, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
and Burghers of Calais, ref1
and sack of Limoges, ref1
Fronsac, siege of, ref1
frying, ref1
Fulcher of Chartres, ref1
Fulk le Réquin, ref1
Furness Abbey, ref1
Galbert of Bruges, ref1
Galilee, ref1
galleys, ref1
Galwegians, ref1, ref2
gambling, ref1
Gascons, ref1
Gascony, ref1
Gaul, ref1
Gautier d’Autrèche, ref1
Gauvard, Claude, ref1
Gaveston, Piers, ref1
geese, ref1
Gellner, Ernest, ref1
genocide, ref1, ref2
Gentian, Henriet, ref1
Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, ref1
Geoffrey de Charny, ref1
Gerald of Wales, ref1, ref2, ref3
Gerard of Ridefort, ref1
Germans, ref1, ref2
Germany, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
executions in, ref1
feuding in, ref1, ref2
Hohenstaufen emperors, ref1
ideas of kingship, ref1
peasants’ rising, ref1
punishments for treason, ref1
torture in, ref1, ref2
Gervase of Canterbury, ref1, ref2
Gesta Stephani, ref1, ref2, ref3