1. Irin Carmon, “The Daily Show’s Woman Problem,” last modified June 23, 2010, http://Jezebel.com/5570545.
2. Jennifer Mascia, “A Web Site That’s Not Afraid to Pick a Fight,” New York Times, July 11, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/12/business/media/12Jezebel.html.
3. “Women of The Daily Show Speak,” http://www.thedailyshow.com/message.
4. Dave Itzkoff, “ ‘The Daily Show’ Women Say the Staff Isn’t Sexist,” New York Times, July 6, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/arts/television/07daily.html.
5. Irin Carmon, “5 Unconvincing Excuses for Daily Show Sexism,” last modified June 24, 2010, http://Jezebel.com/5571826/5-unconvincing-excuses-for-daily-show-sexism.
6. Irin Carmon, “Female Employees of The Daily Show Speak Out,” http://Jezebel.com/5580512/female-employees-of-the-daily-show-speak-out.
7. Emily Gould, “Outrage World,” last modified July 6, 2010, http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2010/07/outrage_world.html.
8. Irin Carmon, “Judd Apatow Defends His Record on Female Characters,” last modified November 10, 2010, http://Jezebel.com/5686517/judd-apatow-defends-his-record-on-female-characters.
XV: SLACKTIVISM IS NOT ACTIVISM: RESISTING THE TIME AND MIND SUCK OF ONLINE MEDIA
1. Peter Kafka, “YouTube Steps Closer to Your TV with ‘Leanback,’ ” last modified July 7, 2010, http://allthingsd.com/20100707/youtube-steps-closer-to-your-tv-with-leanback.
2. Tamar Lewin, “If Your Kids Are Awake, They’re Probably Online,” New York Times, January 20, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/education/20wired.html; “Social Media Report: Q3 2011,” http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/social/.
3. Paul Lazarsfeld and Robert Merton, “Mass Communication, Popular Taste, and Organized Social Action,” The Communication of Ideas (1948).
XVI: JUST PASSING THIS ALONG: WHEN NO ONE OWNS WHAT THEY SAY
1. Mark Schneider, “Delegating Trust: An Argument for an ‘Ingredients Label’ for News Products,” October 2005, http://journalismethics.info/online_journalism_ethics/index.htm.
2. Shawn Pogatchnik, “Student Hoaxes World’s Media on Wikipedia,” last updated May 12, 2009, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30699302/ns/technology_and_science-tech_and_gadgets/t/student-hoaxes-worlds-media-wikipedia/#.Tz7D1iOHeYc.
3. Erik Wemple, “Joe Paterno Dies on Sunday, Not Saturday,” last modified January 22, 2012, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/post/joe-paterno-dies-on-sunday-not-saturday/2012/01/22/gIQATznwIQ_blog.html.
4. David Sternman, “American Apparel: In Deep Trouble,” last modified January 12, 2012, http://seekingalpha.com/article/319135-american-apparel-in-deep-trouble; John Biggs, “Paypal Shreds Ostensibly Rare Violin Because It Cares,” last modified January 4, 2012, http://techcrunch.com/2012/01/04/paypal-shreds-ostensibly-rare-violin-because-it-cares.
5. Joe Weisenthal, “NYT’s Big David Paterson Bombshell Will Break Monday, Governor’s Resignation to Follow,” last modified February 7, 2010, www.businessinsider.com/source-nyts-david-paterson-bombshell-to-break-tomorrow-governors-resignation-to-follow-2010-2; Joe Weisenthal, “SOURCE: The NYT’s Big David Paterson Bombshell Will Break Soon, Governor’s Office Denies Resignation in Works,” last modified February 7, 2010, www.businessinsider.com/source-nyts-david-paterson-bombshell-to-break-tomorrow-governors-resignation-to-follow-2010-2.
6. Henry Blodget, “Apple Denies Steve Jobs Heart Attack Report: ‘It Is Not True,’ ” last modified October 3, 2008, http://www.businessinsider.com/2008/10/apple-s-steve-jobs-rushed-to-er-after-heart-attack-says-cnn-citizen-journalist.
7. Josh Duboff, “Paterson Reportedly to Resign Monday Following Times Story,” last modified February 7, 2010, http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2010/02/paterson_reportedly_to_resign.html.
XVII: CYBERWARFARE: BATTLING IT OUT ONLINE
1. Antonio Regalado, “Guerrilla Webfare,” MIT Technology Review (2010), http://www.technologyreview.com/business/26281.
2. Michael Arrington, “Why We Often Blindside Companies,” last modified June 20, 2011, http://techcrunch.com/2011/06/20/why-we-often-blindside-companies.
3. Tom Mulraney, “An Open Letter to the Luxury Watch Industry—Help Us, Help You,” last modified November 13, 2010, http://thewatchlounge.com/an-open-letter-to-the-luxury-watch-industry-%E2%80%93-help-us-help-you.
XVIII: THE MYTH OF CORRECTIONS
1. Howard Kurtz, “Clinton Aide Settles Libel Suit Against Matt Drudge—at a Cost,” Washington Post, May 2, 2001, www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2001/05/02/clinton-aide-settles-libel-suit-against-matt-drudge-at-a-cost/2c79eeaa-4eff-4994-979a-ac310352de5b/?utm_term=.761463b8bc20.
2. Shirley Brady, “American Apparel Taps Drew Carey for Image Turnaround,” last modified September 6, 2010, http://www.brandchannel.com/home/post/2010/09/06/American-Apparel-Drew-Carey.aspx.
3. Brendan Nyhan and Jason Reifler, “When Corrections Fail: The Persistence of Political Misperceptions,” Political Behavior 32: 303–30.
4. Jeffrey A. Gibbons, Angela F. Lukowski, and W. Richard Walker, “Exposure Increases the Believability of Unbelievable News Headlines via Elaborate Cognitive Processing,” Media Psychology 7 (2005): 273–300.
XIX: THE TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY DEGRADATION CEREMONY: BLOGS AS MACHINES OF MOCKERY, SHAME, AND PUNISHMENT
1. Dov Charney, “Statement from Dov Charney, Founder and CEO of American Apparel,” The Guardian, May 18, 2009, http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2009/may/18/american-apparel-woody-allen.
XX: WELCOME TO UNREALITY
1. Henry Blodget, “DEAR PR FOLKS: Please Stop Sending Us ‘Experts’ and ‘Story Ideas’—Here’s What to Send Us Instead,” last modified April 15, 2011, http://www.businessinsider.com/pr-advice-2011-4.
2. “Conservative Media Silent on Prior Publication of Leaks Favorable to White House,” last modified June 30, 2006, www.mediamatters.org/research/2006/06/30/conservative-media-silent-on-prior-publication/136091.
CONCLUSION: SO . . . WHERE TO FROM HERE?
1. John Hudson, “Nick Denton: What I Read,” last modified February 6, 2011, http://www.theatlanticwire.com/entertainment/2011/02/nick-denton-what-i-read/17870.
2. Tyler Cowen, “What’s the New Incentive of The New York Times?” last modified March 18, 2011, http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2011/03/whats-the-new-incentive-of-the-new-york-times.html.
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FURTHER READING
I FIRMLY BELIEVE THAT I STILL HAVE MUCH TO learn about this subject, and I have not slowed down my research since turning in the manuscript for this book. To continue this journey along with me, and to get monthly recommendations of books (on this topic and all others) sign up for my reading list e-mail. It currently has over eighty thousand subscribers, and it’s a great and lively place to discuss books. I would love to hear your recommendations on it as well. Sign up at ryanholiday.net/reading-newsletter.
For a list of books that changed my life, check out the Ryan Holiday reading list: ryanholiday.net/reading-list.
You can also read my many columns about media from the last several years at http://observer.com/author/ryan-holiday/, and for a list of great books about media and marketing to further your study of these topics, just send an e-mail to TMIL@ryanholiday. net.
INDEX
abandoned shells, 287
“according to,” 282, 285
ACORN faux investigation, 187, 188
Adams, Scott, 264–65
advertising, 5–6, 41, 44, 79, 88, 193, 295,
comments and, 96–7
headlines and, 125
impressions and, 40–41
newspaper, 108
partner links and, 200–201
rates for, 35
Afghanistan, Koran burning, riots 36–37
Agence France-Presse, 37
Allen, Woody, 266–67
Alterman, Eric, 144–45
alternative facts, 208
alt-right, xviii, 181, 192
American Apparel, 4, 7, 55, 63, 87–88, 124, 149, 150, 161–63, 165, 170, 171, 172, 174, 209, 229, 229, 246, 266, 297–98
Edwards and, 161–64
nail polish sold by, 170–74
Angelgate, 46
angle, finding, 156–58, 164
“announced today,” 66
anonymous and off-the-record sources, 62, 108, 175
AOL, 34, 41, 44, 46, 132
pageviews and, 132
Apatow, Judd, 179–80
Apple News, 204, 205
Arrington, Michael, 46, 47, 217, 228
Ars Technica, 44
Associated Press (AP), 15, 69, 160
astroturfing, 237
Atlantic, 89, 120, 291
attention gap, 203
attribution, 210
Autoblog, 50
Awl, The, 51
Axios, 148
Axon, Samuel, 140
backfire effect, 251
Ballas, Lambros, 65
Bannon, Steve, 187
Bardella, Kurt, 21
Becker, Gary, 143
Bennett, James Gordon, Sr., 106, 108, 109, 273, 273n
Bercovici, Jeff, 37
Berger, Jonah, 84
Berners-Lee, Tim, 145
Biggs, John, 157
blackmail and extortion, 227–30
Blakeley, Richard, 257, 257n Bleacher Report, 34–35
Blodget, Henry, 16, 53, 207, 208, 275–6 Blogger Bootcamp, 146
blogs, bloggers, 1, 2, 3, 4–5, 7
bounce rate and, 148
content creation, 26, 38, 91, 132, 146
economics of, 20, 141
fashion, 55
format of articles, 148–9, 153
hiring and payment structure for, 50
how to read, 281–84
importance of, 16–17
length of articles, 147–50, 152
manipulation and, see media manipulation; media manipulation tactics
marquee, 45
moneymaking avenues of, 39–48
news made by, 13–20
pageviews and, see pageviews pitching to, 151–52
political, 18–19, 226n
reverse chronological order as standard for, 145
sale of, 47
small, 27–28
as sources for journalists, 23– 24
speed in, 50
subscription model for, 115
toxic, 169–82
Trust Me, I’m Lying and, xx
updates and, 145, 203, 206, 212, 217, 220, 234, 247, 250. 251, 251n
use of terms, 15
Blumenthal, Sidney, 245
BNET, 161, 163
Bohannon, John, interview with, 316–20
Boing Boing, 23, 180n
Bonner, Bill, 13
Boorstin, Daniel, 116, 273
Borowitz, Andy, 198
bots, 160, 237
bounce rate, 148
Brand, Russell, 57
Brand Channel, 246
breaking news, 215–20, 282
Breitbart, Andrew, 184–88, 191–92, 231 Breitbart News, 16, 186, 192
bribes, 49–59
Brin, Sergey, 213
“bro” label, 263–64
Brown, Michael, 188
burden of proof, 211, 214
Business Insider, xvi, xviii, 16, 24, 53, 56, 151, 163, 207, 218, 219, 220, 275–76
Businessweek, 85, 236, 296
BuzzFeed, 16, 71, 73, 81, 87, 97, 138, 189–90, 238, 239, 240
Cain, Herman, 20
Campbell, W. J., 107
Card, Orson Scott, 137
Carey, Drew, 246
Carmon, Irin, 169–82
American Apparel nail polish and, 171–4, 175
Apatow and, 179–80
The Daily Show and, 175–0
Caro, Robert, 112–13
Carpenter, Mathew, interview with, 345–48
Carr, David, 119
Carson, Ben, 199–200
Cernovich, Mike, 98
interview with, 305–15
Chamfort, Nicolas, 133
Chandler, Raymond, 103, 111
Charney, Dov, 162, 257, 266; see also American Apparel
Chartbeat, 112
Cheezburger Media, 44
Cheney, Dick, 278
Chicago Now, 32n
Chicago Tea Party, 89
Chicago Tribune, xvi, 3, 28, 32n, 150, 209
Chomsky, Noam, 111
Christian Science Monitor, 130
Churchill, Winston, 7
Chute, 75
Cicero, 220
clicks, 100–101, 148
Google and, 126
headlines and, 94–5, 100, 112, 120–24, 128, 156, 285
on links, 214
YouTube and, 198
see also pageviews
Clinton, Bill, 24–25, 239
Clinton, Hillary, 24–25, 127, 181, 199, 239
Clinton Foundation, 181
CNBC, 89–90
CNN, xvi, 26, 36, 126, 187, 200, 204, 205, 209, 272
iReport, 218
Money, 65
CNN effect, 205
comments, 156, 213, 214, 236
fake, 139
Huffington Post and, 139
lack of, 137–40