22.Editorial, “Quebec Opts for Federalism,” OC (June 27, 1968), 3. See also editorial, “Future Rides with Trudeau,” OC (June 26, 1968), 3; editorial, “The Election,” CH (June 26, 1968), 6; and editorial, “The Nation,” CH (June 27, 1968), 6.
23.Charles Lynch, “Now It’s Up to Trudeau,” WT (June 26, 1968), special election supplement.
24.Editorial, “Canada Votes Confidence in Trudeau,” MG (June 26, 1968), 6.
25.Editorial, “Majority Government,” SDR (June 26, 1968), 4.
26.Editorial, “Le retour au bon sens,” LDR (June 26, 1968), 4. See also editorial, “Un verdict clair,” AC (June 27, 1968), 1; “La thèse de Trudeau est bien accueillie par les Québécois,” AC (June 26, 1968), 1; and editorial, “Le peuple s’est prononcé,” AC (June 26, 1968), 4.
27.Editorial “Un parti, un chef, une équipe,” LP (June 26, 1968), 4. See also editorial “Le Québec a parlé clair,” LP (June 26, 1968), 4.
28.Mario Cardinal, “Avec Trudeau, le Québec consent à un gouvernement majoritaire et complique la vie à Daniel Johnson,” LS (June 26, 1968), 14. See also editorial, “La victoire libérale,” LS (June 26, 1968), 4.
29.Claude Ryan, “Le scrutin de mardi et la tension entre les deux nationalismes,” LD (June 27, 1968), 4.
30.Lévesque, Memoirs, trans. Philip Stratford (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1986), 228–29. See also André Fortin, “L’élection du gouvernement Trudeau signifie la séparation du Québec d’ici cinq ans (Martial Asselin),” LS (June 26, 1968), 32. Quebec sociologist Marcel Rioux recalled, “In June of 1968 the English Canadians realized that Trudeau was the man to bring Quebec to heel and voted overwhelmingly in his favour. The French Canadians went along with the trend, giving in to their old mania for self-flagellation, and elected a great majority of Liberals to represent them in Ottawa.” See Rioux, Quebec in Question (Toronto: Lorimer, 1978), 82.
31.David Frum, “The Disastrous Legacy of Pierre Elliott Trudeau,” NP (March 24, 2001).
32.Pierre Trudeau, cited in Bruce Phillips, “Trudeau Cool and Unflappable in Victory,” CH (June 26, 1968), 10.
EPILOGUE: TRUDEAUMANIA 2.0
1.Justin Trudeau, Common Ground (Toronto: HarperCollins, 2014), 80.
2.See Robert Wright, Three Nights in Havana: Pierre Trudeau, Fidel Castro and the Cold War World (Toronto: HarperCollins, 2007), prologue.
3.Justin Trudeau, cited in Jonathon Gatehouse, “When I Run: Justin Trudeau Considers Politics,” M (December 23, 2002).
4.Justin Trudeau, cited ibid.
5.Justin Trudeau, cited ibid.
6.Trudeau, Common Ground, 165, emphasis in original.
7.Justin Trudeau, cited in John Geddes, “In Conversation: Justin Trudeau,” M (February 27, 2012).
8.Trudeau, Common Ground, 166.
9.Justin Trudeau, cited in Aaron Wherry, “A Star Rookie’s Shot,” M (January 12, 2009).
10.Justin Trudeau, cited in Jonathon Gatehouse, “On His Own Terms: Justin Runs for the Liberal Leadership,” M (October 11, 2012).
11.See David Frum, “The Disastrous Legacy of Pierre Elliott Trudeau,” NP (March 24, 2011).
12.Stephen Harper, “Looking Back at Trudeau,” NP (October 5, 1999).
13.Gerry Nicholls, cited in Rob Gillies, “‘Trudeaumania’ Heir Could Become Canada’s Next PM,” AP (October 18, 2015).
14.Justin Trudeau, cited in Gatehouse, “On His Own Terms.”
15.Justin Trudeau, cited ibid.
16.Justin Trudeau, cited in Geddes, “In Conversation: Justin Trudeau.”
17.Gatehouse, “On His Own Terms.”
18.Robert Bothwell, cited in Gillies, “‘Trudeaumania’ Heir.”
19.Justin Trudeau, cited in Bruce Cheadle, “Justin Trudeau, Born into Political Spotlight, Seeks to Fulfil Nixon Prophecy,” CP (October 19, 2015).
20.Shelley Fralic, “Welcome to the New Trudeaumania,” VS (October 20, 2015).
21.Emma Teitel, “What America’s Lust for Trudeau Says about Canada: Teitel,” TS (October 22, 2015).
22.Justin Trudeau, cited in Tonda MacCharles, “Prime Minister Justin Trudeau Unveils Diverse Cabinet in Touching Ceremony,” CBC (November 4, 2015).
23.Roger Cohen, “Camelot Comes to Canada,” NYT (October 22, 2015).
24.Cited in Peter Mansbridge, “Behind the Scenes with Justin Trudeau on His First Day as PM,” CBC News, www.cbc.ca (November 4, 2015).
INDEX
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A
Adams, Eddie, 207
Adams, John, 287
Adams, John Quincy, 287
Alcock, Norman, 54
Allard, Maurice, 78
Axworthy, Lloyd, 231
B
Bain, George, 85, 90, 125, 133, 140, 234–235
Balfour, Lisa, 278
Barbot, Vivian, 291
Batten, Clyde, 197
Batten, Herman, 185
Beetz, Jean, 86, 111, 153
Beloff, Max, 68
Bennett, Bill, 287
Bennett, R.B., 238
Bennett, W.A.C., 22, 287
1965 federal election, 71
1968 constitutional conference, 140–143, 156, 159, 166
Benson, Edgar, 129, 202, 213
Berger, Monty, 69
Berton, Pierre, 20, 28, 77, 88, 134, 210
Bibliothèque de la Ville de Montréal, 4, 13
Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, 4
Bill C-24 Strengthening Canadian Citizenship Act, 296
Bliss, Michael, 132
Bloc Québécois, 291, 293
Boskin, Joseph, 206
Bouchard, Jacques, 67, 73
Boucher, Marie-Claire, 14
Bourgault, Pierre, 3, 12–13, 16, 22, 46, 51, 68, 172, 270–271, 282
English Canadians, 96
and monarchy, 146
and Mouvement souveraineté-association, 108
and Rassemblement pour l’indépendance nationale, 7–11, 39
Bowker, Wilbur, 99
Bradbury, T.R., 256
Braithwaite, Dennis, 84
Brazeau, Patrick, 292
Breton, Albert, 46
Breton, Raymond, 46
Brewin, Andrew, 111, 116–118
British North America Act (BNA Act), 27, 41, 63, 70, 108, 110, 142, 194, 283
Brouillard, Robert, 184
Brunet, Michel, 33, 54
Brüning, Heinrich, 32
Bush, George H.W., 287
Bush, George W., 287
Butts, Gerry, 293
C
Cairns, Alan C., 110
Campbell, Alexander, 143, 158, 197
Canadian Bar Association (CBA), 97–98, 100–103, 111, 136
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 152–159, 163–164, 168–169, 193, 211, 231, 283, 290
Bill of Rights, 63, 152, 153
Charter rights, 26
Charter values, 28
“Trudeau’s charter,” 27, 110, 152–155, 163, 167
Canadian Council of Churches, 254
Canadian Forum, 47, 169
Caouette, Réal, 246, 258, 275
and Ralliement créditiste, 230
Cardin, Lucien, 82
Cardinal, Jean-Guy, 227
Cardinal, Mario, 280
Cartwright, John R., 122
Castro, Fidel, 43, 45, 250, 253–254, 257, 281
Centre des Recherches Sociales, 46–47
Chambers, Gretta, 38, 72
Chaput, Marcel, 39, 44, 53
Charters, David A., 12
Chayka, Freda, 198
Chrétien, Jean, 74, 82, 83, 85, 148, 202, 213, 223, 291
Cité libre, 9, 12, 24, 36–56, 67, 102, 130–132, 183, 191, 281
civil rights, 41, 155, 205, 260
Clarkson, Stephen, 23, 28
Cliche, Robert, 66–
67
deux nations, 229–231
and separatists, 261, 263
and Trudeaumania, 275
Clift, Dominique, 65, 76–77, 147, 227, 243
Cohen, Andrew, 59
Cohen, Maxwell, 22, 104, 209
Cohen, Roger, 299
Cold War, 19, 34, 253–254
Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf, 7, 31, 288, 289
Cook, Ramsay, 3, 4, 184, 217
“draft-Trudeau” movement, 130–134, 172–175
and Lester Pearson, 63
and NDP, 28, 57
as speech writer, 231–233, 245, 258, 265
Cooper, Linda, 224
Cresthol, Leon, 69
Cresthol, Sophie, 69
Croll, David, 192
D
Danson, Barney, 212, 214
Davey, Jim, 135, 174, 184, 231
de Gaulle, Charles, 101, 147, 218, 225, 243, 273
“Vive le Québec libre!” 10, 92–96, 218
DePoe, Norman, 49, 217, 218
Diefenbaker, John, xiv, 22, 55, 56, 59, 61, 64, 101, 175, 194, 208, 210, 221, 225, 257, 276
1965 election, 67, 70
Canadian Bill of Rights, 98, 152
and Charles de Gaulle, 94
“One Canada” policy, 76, 87, 105–106
and Pierre Trudeau, 84, 90
Dion, Léon, 31
Dion, Stéphane, 291
Douglas, Tommy, 1, 26, 127, 258, 274, 275, 277
and foreign ownership, 238, 256
and homosexuality, 123
Quebec special status, 86–88, 228–231
Dow, Alastair, 134
Drapeau, Jean, 5, 14–17, 31
Duplessis, Maurice, 8, 9, 36, 155–156, 162
Dupuis, Yvon, 59
Durham, Lord, 194–195
E
Edmonds, Duncan, 250
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 238
English, John, 36
Evangelical Fellowship of Canada, 254
Expo 67, xiv, 19, 21, 88, 112
F
Faribault, Marcel, 17, 230, 231, 244, 255, 263, 266–269, 275
constitutional reform, 238–239, 261–262, 284
deux nations, 104–105, 233–234
red-baiting, 240
and Robert Stanfield, 228–229
Vers une nouvelle constitution, 24
Faulkner, Hugh, 215
Favreau, Guy, 54, 59, 65, 73, 82
Federalism and International Conferences on Education, 228
FLQ. See Front de libération du Québec
Fox, Paul, 169, 192
Fralic, Shelley, 297
Fraser, Graham, 9
Frenette, Claude, 278
Front de libération du Québec (FLQ), xiv, 2–3, 11, 12, 22, 46, 51, 54, 108, 246, 282
Front de libération populaire, 11
Frum, David, 280
Fulbright, J. William, 207
Fulford, Robert, 28, 53
Fulton-Favreau formula, 61, 283
G
Gatehouse, Jonathon, 294
Gibson, Gordon, 135, 174, 184
Giguere, I.G., 278
Gilbert, Jean-Paul, 5, 18
Gillan, Michael, 120
Gimby, Bobby, 21, 264
Gingras, Marcel, 85
Goldbloom, Victor, 69
Goldenberg, H. Carl, 87, 111, 140, 157
Goldwater, Barry, 238
Goodman, Eddie, 255
Gordon, Walter, 129, 182, 183, 190, 197
Gostick, Ron, 250, 254, 255
Gouzenko, Igor, 253, 254
Goyer, Jean-Pierre, 135, 174, 180, 184, 213
Liberal policy committee, 145–148
Granatstein, J.L., 170
Gray, Herb, 215
Gray, John, 130
Greene, Joe, 139, 185, 196, 210, 214–216, 222
Grégoire, Gilles, 78
Grégoire, Paul, 14, 16
Gwyn, Richard, 20
H
Hall, Emmett, 122
Harper, Stephen, 292, 294
2015 federal election, 296–298
Harvard University, 31, 32, 132, 134, 172, 209
Head, Ivan, 87, 154
Hellyer, Paul, 127, 134, 136, 138, 144, 173, 177, 182, 188, 192, 197, 199, 203, 212–213, 215–216, 222, 253
constitutional reform, 204, 210
Quebec, 192–193
Henderson, Lloyd, 214
Honey, Russell, 173
Hopper, Kathleen, 224
Howard, Frank, 73
Hull, Bobby, 270
I
Ignatieff, Michael, 28, 289
J
Jewett, Pauline, 28, 172, 173
John Birch Society, 250, 257
Johnson, Daniel, 14–17, 31, 51, 85, 101, 106, 112, 144, 147–148, 158, 165, 168, 172, 179, 184, 187, 188, 189, 194–195, 218, 220, 226–228, 230, 233, 234, 278, 280, 284, 287
1966 Quebec election, 86
1967 Confederation of Tomorrow conference, 109–111
1968 constitutional conference, 160–163, 166–167
and Charles de Gaulle, 95
constitutional reform, 48, 108–109, 127, 141, 155, 283
deux nations, 159
on divorce, 119
Égalité ou indépendance, 24
and Lester Pearson, 156
and monarchy, 102, 146
and Pierre Bourgault, 9
Johnson, Daniel, Jr., 287
Johnson, Lyndon, 22, 207, 208
Johnson, Pierre-Marc, 287
Jolivet, Larry, 182
Jolivet, Patricia, 182
Jones, Frank, 24, 133
Just Society, 20, 212, 217, 220, 231, 233, 235, 278
Jutras, René, 10
K
Kashtan, William, 256
Kennedy, Edward, 245
Kennedy, Gerard, 290, 291
Kennedy, Jackie, 232, 245
Kennedy, John F. (JFK), xiii, 2, 19, 24, 84, 142, 175, 208, 244, 245, 247, 257, 298
Kennedy, Robert F., xiv, 22, 208, 244–245, 246, 247, 248, 273
Kierans, Eric, 138, 144, 173, 186–188, 199, 203, 210–211, 214, 215, 222, 275
separatism, 107, 136
smear campaign, 249
King, Mackenzie, 31
King, Martin Luther, Jr., xiv, 3, 22, 205, 206, 208, 212, 218, 273
Kinsey, Alfred, 122
Klippert, Everett George, 122–123
Korean War, 36
L
Lalonde, Marc, 46, 57, 94, 99, 111, 119, 131, 135, 139–140, 143, 148, 157, 177, 183, 223, 231, 246
LaMarsh, Judy, 215, 216, 217
Lamontagne, Maurice, 59, 65, 66, 102, 107
language rights, 26, 27, 89, 100, 110, 146, 152, 157, 161, 166, 167, 231
LaPierre, Laurier, 196
Laporte, Pierre, 12, 31, 269
Laskin, Bora, 61
Laurendeau, André, 30, 60, 61, 75, 245
Layton, Jack, 293
LeBlanc, Roméo, 245
Lederman, William, 99
Lee, Bill, 14, 184, 231
Lefebvre, T.H., 104
Lagarde, René, 253
Legault, Laurent, 10
Léger, Jean-Marc, 47, 85
Leja, Walter, 11
Lesage, Jean, 7, 8, 9, 31, 38, 51, 55, 56, 67, 85, 86, 106, 146, 220, 227, 282, 283
1962 Quebec election, 43
constitutional reform, 101–102
and Lester Pearson, 61–63
separatism, 107
statut particulier, 48
Levant, Ezra, 292
Levasseur, Pierre, 15, 135, 184
Lévesque, René, 7, 22, 51, 52, 53, 127, 144, 146, 150, 156, 159, 168, 172, 176, 178, 220, 227, 263, 271, 272, 282
1968 federal election, 270, 280
deux nations, 47
and FLQ, 12
Hydro Québec, 43
and Mouvement souveraineté-association, 10–11, 106–108
Option Québec, 24
and Pierre Bourgault, 9
and Pierre Trudeau,
30, 43
Liberal Candidates’ Handbook, 231
Lynch, Charles, 242, 279
M
Macdonald, Donald, 135, 173–174, 223, 251, 264
MacDonald, Ian, 244
MacEachen, Allan, 136, 138, 197, 211, 214–215, 222, 274
MacGuigan, Mark, 54, 55
MacInnis, Grace, 91
Mackasey, Bryce, 127, 200, 202
Macnaughton, Alan, 56, 69, 72
Manning, Ernest, 110, 112, 159, 164, 287
and Pierre Trudeau, 140
Manning, Preston, 287
Marchand, Jean, 10, 30, 49, 56, 59, 63, 65, 66, 68–71, 85, 92, 138–139, 141, 144–145, 148, 149, 171, 184, 189, 194, 202, 223, 253, 282
and André Laurendeau, 75–76
constitutional reform, 103
and Lester Pearson, 58, 128–130
and Pierre Trudeau, 74–75, 135–137, 177, 179–180, 214
Marcotte, Gilles, 172
marijuana, 295
Marleau, Huguette, 198
Martin, Paul, 90, 92, 94, 127, 128, 134, 136, 138, 144, 148, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 197, 199, 203, 213, 214, 217, 222, 250, 287
national unity, 210
Quebec, 193
Martin, Paul, Jr., 214, 287, 291
Martineau, Jean, 172
Mathieu, Dollard, 14, 15
McArthur, Jack, 204
McCall-Newman, Christina, 23, 25
McCarthy, Eugene, 244–245
McDowell, Stan, 73
McGee, Frank, 138
McGill University, xvi, 22, 38, 54, 86, 100, 104, 209, 288, 293
McGuinty, Dalton, 293
McLuhan, Marshall, 23, 259
McRoberts, Kenneth, 75
McWhinney, Edward, 86, 100
McWilliam, G.R., 104
Meech Lake Accord, 150, 282
Michener, Roland, 84, 223
Monaghan, Barry, 139
Morin, Jacques-Yvan, 99
Morin, Thérèse, 12
Mouvement souveraineté-association (MSA), 10, 11, 108, 127, 168, 270, 272, 282
Mulcair, Tom, 296
multiculturalism, 28
N
National Citizens Coalition (NCC), 292
National Liberal Federation of Canada, 79
NATO, 128, 191, 192, 203, 259
NDP. See New Democratic Party
Neiger, Stephen, 123
Nemni, Max, 31
Nemni, Monique, 31
New Democratic Party (NDP), 1, 28, 50, 56, 57, 66, 68, 69, 71, 73, 86, 87, 91, 111, 116, 123, 131, 133, 185, 223, 228, 229, 230, 257, 260, 261, 263, 268, 273, 275, 276, 277, 293, 296, 297
Newman, Peter C., 9, 16, 21, 28, 55, 56, 64, 68, 74, 80, 81, 83, 132, 134, 143, 148, 154, 156, 168, 186, 198, 202, 203, 231, 254, 258, 260, 265, 278
Nichol, John, xvi, 217, 254
Nicholls, Gerry, 292
niqab, 296
Nixon, Richard, 13, 208, 254, 257