Dozens of the lodges: Mark P. Slater, Historic Structure Assessment Report, Superintendent’s Lodge: Memphis National Cemetery, National Cemetery Administration, US Department of Veterans Affairs, January 2011, www.cem.va.gov.
In another collaboration: Annual Report of the Quartermaster-General to the Secretary of War (Washington, DC: US GPO, 1872), 17; John Kleber, ed., The Encyclopedia of Louisville (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2001), 740.
He also had a: Michael Mills, “Commissary Sergeant’s Quarters, Building 42, Fort Myer, Virginia,” in Building of the Nation’s Capital, 112–19.
In 1877: Smithsonian Arts and Industries Building (Museum Building) Historic Building Survey, National Park Service, HABS no. DC-298.
Meigs attended the Centennial: James D. McCabe, The Illustrated History of the Centennial Exhibition, Held in Commemoration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence (Philadelphia: National, 1876), 816.
The board of regents: Report of the U.S. National Museum, in Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, June 30, 1903, United States National Museum (Washington, DC: US GPO), 238–42.
His plans called for: Report of the U.S. National Museum, 246–48.
It had an open: Smithsonian Arts and Industries Building (Museum Building) Historic Building Survey; Arts and Industries Building, National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form, National Park Service, www.nps.gov.
It is still considered: Smithsonian Arts and Industries Building (Museum Building), Historic Building Survey.
CHAPTER 34: “SOLDIER, ENGINEER, ARCHITECT, SCIENTIST, PATRIOT”
In 1875, on special: Annual Report of the Quartermaster-General to the Secretary of War, fiscal 1875 (Washington, DC: US GPO), 19.
Meigs described the typewriter: Montgomery Meigs letter, July 19, 1891, copy, Meigs family papers, courtesy of Louisa Watrous.
We learn from his: Montgomery Meigs letters, September 1875, Meigs Papers, LOC, shelf 18,202.1, reel 20.
“It is impossible”: Ibid., September 17, 1875.
Meigs thought that: Weigley, Quartermaster General, 355.
On February 6, 1882: Abbott, Memoir, 315; Meigs, Cullum’s Biographical Register.
Others had waited: Washington Post, editorial, February 8, 1882.
“The corps has seen”: Abbott, Memoir, 323–24.
The federal Pension Bureau: National Register of Historic Places—Nomination Form, Pension Building (National Park Service), www.nps.gov.
By the early 1880s: Linda Brody Lyons, A Handbook to the Pension Building, Home of the National Building Museum (Washington, DC, National Building Museum, 1989), 26.
Meigs’s design drew on: Nomination Form, Pension Building, section 8a.
Plans showed a building: Annual Report on the Construction of the New Pension Building, September 3, 1887, The Executive Documents of the House of Representatives, 50th Congress, First Session, 1887–1888 (Washington, DC: US GPO, 1889), 1345.
Just as he did: Nomination Form, Pension Building, 4; Lyons, Handbook, 14–17.
He documented each: Lyons, Handbook, 23.
His theory about the space: Annual Report on the Construction of the New Pension Building, 1343–44; Nomination Form, Pension Building, 4.
Meigs took care to: Kathryn Allamong Jacob, Testament to Union (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 63–68.
For the building’s west entrance: Jacob, Testament to Union, 67.
Still others joked: “Little Known Story of Meigs Barn Told,” Washington Post, March 6, 1964.
Sherman or Sheridan: Jacob, Testament to Union, 67. Note: This quote remains apocryphal, but it captures the skepticism about the building at the time.
by 1985, the great: Paul Goldberger, “Museums Set the Tone in Architecture,” New York Times, September 8, 1985.
Meigs continued to crackle: Memorial Record of M. C. Meigs.
The request came in: McClellan, McClellan’s Own Story, 154.
Meigs did not want: Montgomery Meigs letter, May 24, 1888, Meigs Papers, LOC, shelf 18,202.1, reel 20.
“Many military names”: Meigs, Conduct of the Civil War, 299.
Meigs did not get: Louisa Taylor oral history and memoirs, 12.
In a habit begun: Montgomery C. Meigs Papers, National Museum of American History, Archives Center, Collection no. 881, box 17.
“The idea of that”: Louisa Taylor oral history and memoirs, 13.
Early on January 2: “Gen. M. C. Meigs Dead,” Evening Star (Washington, DC), January 2, 1892.
Honorary pall bearers: “At Rest at Arlington,” Evening Star (Washington, DC), January 5, 1892.
“The Army has rarely possessed”: General Orders No. 2, Headquarters of the Army, January 4, 1892, General Orders and Circulars, Adjutant General’s Office 1892 (Washington, DC: US GPO), 1893.
“M. C. Meigs”: McColloch, Men and Measures, 269–70.
INDEX
A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
abolitionist movement, 36, 52, 60, 78–79
acoustics, US Capitol and, 27–28, 66
Adams, Charles Francis, 114
Adams, Henry, 18
African Americans, 18, 190, 229
Alabama, 203
Alexander I, Czar of Russia, 118
Allegheny Canal system, 50–51
Allen, Robert A., 129, 232
American Association for the Advancement of Science, 43
American Historical Review, 243
American (“Know-Nothing”) Party, 57, 63–64, 65, 89, 115
Anaconda Plan, 120
Anderson, Robert, 93, 110
Andersonville prison (Camp Sumter), 229
Antarctica, 43
Antietam (Sharpsburg), Battle of (1862), 169–70, 171, 173, 174
Appomattox Court House, Va., 223, 228
Aqueducts of Rome, The (Frontinus), 21
Arlington National Military Cemetery, 206–8, 217, 228, 244
Armed Liberty (Crawford), 50
Army, Confederate, 95
Army of Northern Virginia, 183, 193
supply and provisioning of, 165–66, 182, 183, 190, 193, 209
Army, Union:
animal forage needs of, 125, 128, 131, 133, 134, 139, 157–58, 167, 187, 195–96, 197, 202–3, 214, 222
Army of the Cumberland, 176–80, 192–99
Army of the Potomac, 140–43, 145–46, 151, 152–53, 157–62, 166–71, 181–88, 194, 202–6, 212–13, 227
Army of the Shenandoah, 215
Army of Virginia, 163–65
artillery and, 118, 119, 133, 198, 202, 210
firearms and, 118, 125, 136, 204
flying columns and, 168–69
freed slaves and, 190, 229
horses and, 176–80, 187, 192, 196, 202–3, 205, 227
Lincoln’s assassination and, 224
living off the land and, 176–77, 178, 179–80, 204, 219, 220
Meigs’s appointment to quartermaster generalship of, 111–16
mobility reforms and, 166–69
rapid early build-up of, 117–18
transport and, 118, 120, 121, 122, 125, 130–31, 132–33, 139, 141, 152–53, 158–59, 166–68, 173, 183, 184, 185–87, 194–99, 202–3, 204–5, 221, 227
Washington defense and, 155–56, 183, 209–13
waste and, 136–37
Western Department of, 126–29
see also specific battles and campaigns
Army Corps of Engineers, US, 7, 85, 89, 140, 177, 188
Fort Delaware and, 9–10
Richard Stanton and, 33–34, 46–47, 48
Totten and, 13, 1
9–20, 62–63, 64, 98, 105, 155, 210
Arrangement in Gray and Black No. 1 (Whistler), 48
Arthur, Chester A., 239
artillery, 118, 119, 133, 198, 202, 210
Arts and Industries Building (Smithsonian), 236–37, 242
Athens, ancient, 31, 32
Atlanta campaign, 203, 213–15, 218, 219
Atlantic, SS, 108, 109–10
Bache, A. D., 27, 28, 43, 66, 221
balloon corps, 121, 139, 182
Baltimore, Md., 29, 111, 185, 209, 210
Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) Railroad, 78, 145, 185, 188, 194
Banks, Nathaniel P., 156, 162
Barton, Clara, 205
Bates, Edward, 148
Battle Cry of Freedom (McPherson), xi
Battleground National Cemetery, 236
Beauregard, Pierre G. T., 119, 123
Bell, John, 89, 91
Belle Plain, Va., 205
Bierstadt, Albert, 71
Billings, John D., 159
Black, Jeremiah S., 86
Black Hawk War, 93
Black Republicans, 88, 94
Blair, Francis Preston, Jr., 98, 112, 127, 129
Blair, Montgomery, 112, 113, 127, 128–29, 142, 212
Board of Engineers for Atlantic Coast Defenses, US, 10
Board of Trade, 137–38
Bogardus, James, 42
Booth, John Wilkes, 225
Boston, Mass., 20, 27, 44
Boston Post, 66
Bradford, Augustus, 212
Bragg, Braxton, 193, 198
Brandy Station, Battle of (1863), 181
Breckinridge, John C., 73–74, 89, 90
bricks, 28–29, 39, 41, 56
bridges, 42, 51, 69, 72, 81, 99, 101, 185, 194, 197, 204–5, 214–15
Brooklyn Bridge, 51
Brooklyn Navy Yard, 2, 108
Brooks, Noah, 182
Brooks, Preston, 53, 55
assault against Charles Sumner, 55
Brown, Albert Gallatin, 76
Brown, Harvey, 107, 108
Brown, John, 54, 78–79, 83, 88
Brumidi, Constantino, 44–45, 48, 49, 75, 84
Brunel, Isambard Kingdom, 42
Buberl, Caspar, 242
Buchanan, James, 57, 58, 59, 71, 73, 84, 96, 100
corruption and, 82, 85
Floyd and, 64–65, 76, 78, 82, 85–86, 93–95, 98
inauguration of, 61
Buena Vista, Battle of (1847), 12, 24
Bull Run (Manassas), first Battle of (1861), 118–24, 144, 147
Bull Run (Manassas), second Battle of (1862), 165
Burnside, Ambrose E., 12, 173–75, 179, 181
Bushnell, Horace, 228
Butler, Andrew P., 55
Butler, Benjamin, 205
cables, wire, 50–51
Calhoun, John C., 74
California, 12
Cameron, Simon, 108, 112, 114–16, 118, 119, 134, 137–38, 143, 145, 206
Camp Sumter (Andersonville prison), 229
Capitol, US:
acoustics of, 27–28, 66
art and decorations of, 30–32, 44–45, 51, 66–67, 71, 83–84
brickwork of, 28–29, 39, 41, 56
Buchanan inauguration and, 61
dome of, 2, 37, 49–51, 80, 81, 99, 100, 111, 201, 225
1851 fire in, 16–18, 37
expansion of, 2, 24–29, 30–32, 33–34, 37–38, 39, 40, 44–45, 48–51, 52–53, 56–57, 60, 62, 65–67, 71, 72–75, 80–81, 99, 100, 111, 201, 234
Lincoln funeral and, 225
Lincoln inauguration and, 100–101
Meigs’s derrick at, 50–51, 100, 111, 201
carbines, 204
Carolina campaign, 221–22, 225–25
Carondelet, USS, 149
cast iron, 28, 49, 50
Catholics, 58, 63–64
Cavalry Bureau, US, 180
Chancellorsville, Battle of (1863), 181, 182
Chandler, Zachariah, 76
Charleston, S.C., 1, 93, 94, 95, 105, 191, 221–22
Chase, Salmon P., 141, 142, 165, 200, 243
Chattanooga, Tenn., 192, 193–99, 203
Chattanooga, USS, 197
Chesapeake & Ohio (C&O) Canal, 10, 32, 71, 247
Chickamauga, Battle of (1863), 192–93
Child, Pratt & Fox, 130
Christman, William, 206
Cincinnati, USS, 149
Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, 45
Civil War, US:
Anaconda Plan and, 120
battlefield looters and, 187–88
contract corruption and, 125–31, 143, 145, 158, 178–79, 192, 215
demobilization and, 227–28
Floyd and, 94–95, 150
Fort Sumter and, 110, 119, 121, 148
Lee’s surrender and, 223, 228
new technology and, 121, 124, 133, 135, 139
railroads and, 118, 121, 123, 125, 130–31, 133, 134, 135, 140, 145, 146, 156, 164, 173, 185–87, 188–89, 193, 194–95, 203, 204, 210, 214–15, 218, 222
shipping and, 118, 125, 133, 152, 221
Clay, Henry, 74
Cluss and Schulze, 236
Coast Survey, US, 27, 43
Colorado, 36
Columbia Protecting Science and Industry, 237, 242
Compromise of 1820, 35
Compromise of 1850, 36, 88
Conestoga wagons, 167, 192
Confederate States of America, 1, 74, 133
Davis and, 98, 105, 165, 171, 172, 175–76, 222
Emancipation Proclamation and, 172
foreign recognition and, 169
Provisional Constitution of, 98
Congress, US:
Canadian border defenses and, 11
Capitol expansion and, 26, 28, 33–34, 49, 56–57, 71, 72, 73–75, 81, 83–84, 100
Civil War and, 121, 129–31, 135–36, 138, 139, 175–76, 205, 209, 211
election of 1858 and, 73
library of, 16–18, 37, 61, 75
National Academy of Sciences and, 221
national cemeteries and, 206, 234–36
Pension Bureau Building and, 240
slavery issue and, 12, 35–36, 55–56, 233
Smithsonian and, 13
Sumner assault and, 55–56
transatlantic telegraph and, 60
transcontinental railroad and, 35
Washington water supply and, 19, 23–24, 40, 46–47, 48–49, 53, 57–58, 61, 69, 72, 84–86, 101
see also House of Representatives, US; Senate, US
Congressional Globe, 129
Constitution, US, 12, 88
Constitutional Union Party, 89
Corcoran, William, 45
cotton, 134–35, 168
Covode, John, 82, 84
Cozzens, Peter, 157
Crawford, Thomas, 31–32, 44
“Crime Against Kansas, The” (Sumner), 55
Crimean War, 109
Crystal Palace (London, England), 42
Cumberland River, 149
Cumberland Road, 7
Custer, George Armstrong, 216
Darwin, Charles, 42
Davis, Jefferson:
Capitol expansion and, 24, 27, 28, 32, 33-34, 37, 45, 51, 52, 59–60, 66, 73
Confederacy and, 98, 105, 165, 171, 172, 175–76, 222
imprisonment of, 232–33
John Rodgers Meigs and, 76
Mexican War and, 12, 24
Senate and, 60, 85–86
War Department and, 24, 27, 28, 32, 33, 37, 38, 45, 51, 52, 59–60, 69
Washington water supply and, 24, 32, 69, 85–86, 99
Davis, Varina, 232–33
Decatur, Stephen, 6
Delaware, Fort, 9–10
Delaware River, 5, 9–10, 20
Democratic Party, 12
see also elections, US
depots, 133–34, 167, 171, 185, 192, 203, 222
derricks, 50–51, 100, 111, 201
Detroit, Mich., 1
1, 13, 21
Dickens, Charles, 18
Dickinson, Edward, 46
Dickinson, Emily, 46
Dickinson College, 235
diseases, 19, 33, 42–43
Douglas, Stephen A., 32, 35, 36, 45, 48, 55, 71, 76
election of 1858 and, 87
election of 1860 and, 88–89, 90
Lincoln inauguration and, 100
Douglass, Frederick, 78
Dry Tortugas, 86, 90–92, 95–97, 110
Eads, James, 148, 149
Early, Jubal, 209–12, 215
Eastman, Seth, 14
Edward, Arthur, 197
Egypt, ancient, 69
elections, US:
of 1856, 57–58
of 1858, 73
of 1860, 87–89, 90–91, 115
of 1862, 169
of 1864, 209, 219
Emancipation Proclamation (1863), 171–72, 180
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 57
Essex, USS, 149–50
Everett, Edward, 31, 89
evolution, theory of, 42
Fairfax Court House, Va., 122
False Claims Act (1863), 131
Fillmore, Millard, 19, 57
Five Forks, Battle of (1865), 222
Florida, 112
Floyd, John B., 62–65, 71, 72, 76–77, 78, 80–82, 83, 84–86, 89–90, 93–95, 98, 100, 176
Civil War and, 94–95, 150
flying columns, 168–69
Foote, Andrew, 148–49, 150, 151
Fort Donelson, Battle of (1862), 149, 150
Fort Henry, Battle of (1862), 147, 149–50
Fort Stevens, Battle of (1864), 212–13, 236
France, 106, 118, 137, 169
Franklin, Benjamin, 39
Franklin, William B., 81, 99–100, 141
Fredericksburg, Battle of (1862), 173–74, 175
Fredericksburg, Va., 204, 205
Freedom Triumphant in War and Peace (Crawford), 50, 99, 201
Frémont, John C., 57, 126–29, 130
French and Indian War, 106
frescos, 44–45, 48
Frontinus, Sextus Julius, 21, 68, 69
Fugitive Slave Act (1850), 36
Garrett, J. W., 188, 194, 195
Geary, John W., 156
Georgia, 203, 213–15, 218–20, 229–30
German Americans, 63
Gettysburg, Battle of (1863), 184–88, 192
Girard College for Orphans, 25
Goodwin, Doris Kearns, 115
Grant, Ulysses S., 191, 228, 243
Carolina campaign and, 225–26
freed slaves and, 190
Mexican War and, 12
Overland Campaign and, 202–5
Petersburg and, 209, 219, 222
Tennessee and, 149–50, 151, 196–99
Vicksburg and, 190