of 1950s, 31–33, 34–50, 51–59
1954 National tournament, 42
of 1960s, 64, 81–82, 101
1960 Men’s Singles championship, 64
12-and-under titles, 44, 45
women’s division, 29–30
Americas Zone, 119, 137, 140, 196, 198, 213, 407, 434
Amistad Press, 535, 551, 553
Amistad revolt, 535
Amritraj, Vijay, 356, 374
Amsterdam, 455
Anderson, Dave, 524, 551–52
Anderson, Mal, 184
Anderson, Marian, 24
Angelou, Maya, 613, 628, 629
Angola, 357
antiwar movement, 167–68, 255–56, 296
apartheid, South African, 53, 73, 127–28, 175, 209–11, 216–18, 236, 249–56, 264–69, 270–71, 280–82, 285–87, 320–46, 355–62, 368, 391, 408–10, 426–27, 434, 462, 464–65, 469–71, 510–11, 521–22, 529, 533–34, 563–65, 628
Argentina, 407, 471
Davis Cup competition, 471, 475–77, 495–96, 498–99, 516, 517
Arias, Jimmy, 509, 518, 526
Arilla, Jose Luis, 143
Aristide, Jean-Bertrand, 593
Armstrong, George, 380
Armstrong, Louis, 155
Army, U.S., 88, 149, 155
Ashe’s service in, 88, 135, 158, 169, 170, 179–81, 190–91, 194–208, 211, 214, 227, 233, 234, 239, 243
in Vietnam, 149
Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC), 88, 135, 158, 170
Arthur Ashe: Citizen of the World (documentary), 615–16
Arthur Ashe: Portrait in Motion (Ashe), 308–9, 363, 369, 459
Arthur Ashe AIDS Tennis Challenge, 591–92
Arthur Ashe Award for NCAA Division II, 509
Arthur Ashe Children’s Program, 617
Arthur Ashe Day, 161–63, 172
Arthur Ashe Endowment for the Defeat of AIDS (AAEDA), 718n20
Arthur Ashe Foundation for the Defeat of AIDS (AAFDA), 583–84, 591–92, 596, 607, 616
Arthur Ashe Institute for Urban Health (AAIUH), 598, 616
Arthur Ashe Learning Center (AALC), 616
Arthur Ashe–Stan Smith tennis clinics, 504
Arthur Ashe’s Tennis Clinic (Ashe), 462
Arthur Ashe Tennis Center, Philadelphia, 513–14
Artists and Athletes Against Apartheid (AAAA), 510–11
Ashe, Amelia, 8, 12
Ashe, Arthur Robert, Jr., 1–4
adoption of daughter Camera, 537–39
as advocate for AIDS patients, 577–80, 582–86, 591–92, 597–99
as Aetna consultant, 430, 442, 461, 462, 548, 580
African tours, 273–75, 287–90, 367–68, 400–401
aging of, 363–66, 370, 395, 399, 407, 411, 418, 424, 430–32, 436, 440, 441, 445
AIDS of, 2, 3, 542–51, 563, 567–73, 585–86, 588, 591, 593, 601–5, 612–13, 615
AIDS announcement to public, 567–78
amateur status, 219, 224, 233–34, 245
ancestry of, 7–9
Army service, 88, 135, 158, 169, 170, 179–81, 190–91, 194–208, 211, 214, 227, 233, 234, 239, 243
arrest of, 521–22, 594
ATA competition, 44–45, 49, 51–52, 56, 59–60, 63–64, 81–82, 101
ATP and, 300–305, 314, 351–52, 363, 364, 365, 383
Australian tours, 150–67, 186–88, 236–38, 266–67, 417, 438–39, 484–87
awards and honors, 132, 454, 456–57, 488, 496–98, 509, 513, 523–24, 529–31, 536, 596–99, 613
backhand of, 72, 107, 129, 354, 364, 375, 382
on Bakke controversy, 442–43, 464
birth of, 5
blood transfusion and HIV exposure, 503–4, 546, 547, 571
broadcasting career, 424, 425, 430, 445, 446, 457, 461, 465–66, 482, 509–10, 527–29, 536, 561, 563, 568, 580, 587–88, 702n1
career statistics, 456, 641–65
celebrity of, 81, 98, 112–13, 151, 155, 174, 176, 180, 228–33, 257–63, 274, 351, 389–90, 395–99, 402–3, 420, 426, 427, 431, 457, 522
childhood of, 1–18, 37–50, 62, 310, 311, 344
chip-and-lob strategy against Connors, 378–79, 281–82
Church of the Redeemer speech, 206–11
civil rights movement and, 63, 77–78, 94–95, 121, 130–31, 171–79, 206–13, 244, 263, 286, 521–22
climb up tennis ladder, 105–10, 117
college years and tennis career, 83–110, 111–38, 157–59, 170–72, 176
comeback of 1978 79, 443–45
as contract pro, 271–97
cool exterior of, 15, 16, 59, 229, 486, 490, 549
crusade against entitlement, 556–57
as Davis Cup coach, 467–92, 495–500, 516–20, 521, 522, 531–34, 585, 645
Davis Cup debut, 118–22
death of, 3, 605, 606–29
death of his mother, 14–16, 41, 363, 449
as Doral tennis program director, 262–63, 293, 345, 353, 430, 431, 438, 461, 488, 493, 514, 526, 548, 562, 601
doubles success, 281–82, 456
early interest in tennis, 1–2, 12–20, 37–50, 51–65, 66–82
Eastern Junior Championships, 58–59, 60, 101
elbow tendinitis of, 235, 242, 266, 269
end of amateur career, 243–45
endorsement contracts, 246, 257–62, 265, 272, 389, 404, 430, 454, 461, 487, 548, 562–63, 568, 577
engagement to Pat Battles, 169–70, 186–87, 195, 306
erratic play, 116–17, 152, 302, 305, 325, 378, 390, 453
eyeglasses of, 157–58
as a father, 537–39, 570, 585–86, 588, 600, 603–4, 607, 615
15-and-under competition, 42, 49, 51–56
finances and prize money, 88, 100, 109, 117, 129, 134, 154, 205–6, 233–34, 243–47, 252, 257–62, 269–73, 277–78, 302, 304, 362, 367, 369, 389–90, 393, 402–4, 430, 440, 562–63
as first black in men’s tennis, 77–78
first contract pro match, 278–79
first Grand Slam win, 222–32, 395
first integrated tennis experience, 48–50
first national USLTA title, 71
first Open tournament, 215
fitness regime, 364–66, 421
Florida Memorial courses, 488–89, 493–95, 510, 514
foot injury and surgery, 365–66, 390, 399, 406, 407, 417–18, 420, 424, 425, 452
funeral of, 608–12
goes pro, 243–56
grade school education, 14, 16, 17, 41, 49
Grand Prix circuit, 271–73, 276–77
Hall of Fame induction, 529–31, 712n25
Head contract, 259–60, 265, 404, 430, 461, 495, 562
heart condition and attacks, 446–52, 455, 461, 501–4, 527, 547, 549, 550, 562, 594, 601
heart surgeries, 3, 450–52, 502–4, 546
high school years and competition, 49, 52–65, 66–82
on history of black athletes, 488–89, 501–2, 506–8, 511–12, 514, 534–35, 540–41, 551–53, 566
as independent pro, 242–56, 257–71
intellect of, 419–20, 515, 540
Interscholastic tournaments, 35–36, 56–57, 63–64, 73, 79–80
ITPA and, 248–50
Junior Davis Cup competition, 81, 101
Junior division play, 56–65, 66–82, 100–101
last visit to Wimbledon, 587–90
late-career resurgence, 395
legacy of, 612–29
at Lynchburg camp, 37–50, 51–65, 79, 81, 283
marriage to Jeanne, 417–20, 427–30, 444–45, 448, 452, 455, 460–61, 488, 504–5, 520, 529, 537–39, 537–39, 548, 566, 586, 592, 600
memoirs of, 7, 15, 112, 127, 157, 160–61, 168, 172, 174–75, 179, 190–92, 202, 208, 306, 308, 353–54, 363, 369, 428, 459–60, 515, 548, 584–86, 595, 602, 603, 614
1959 U.S. Nationals, 59–60
1960 ATA Men’s Singles championship, 64
1960 U.S. Nationals, 67–
68
1961 National Junior competition, 80–81
1961 summer tennis season, 78–82
1961 U.S. Nationals, 82
1962 summer tennis season, 100–101
1962 U.S. Nationals, 102
1963 summer tennis season, 111–22
1963 UCLA Bruins season, 105–8
1963 Wimbledon competition, 110, 111–15
1964 summer season, 126–32
1964 UCLA Bruins season, 122–26
1964 U.S. Nationals, 131–32
1964 Wimbledon competition, 126–28
1965 Davis Cup competition, 136–37, 140–43, 147–52, 173
1965 NCAA singles championship, 137–38
1965 UCLA Bruins season, 133–38
1965 U.S. Nationals, 144–45
1965 Wimbledon competition, 139–40
1966 Davis Cup competition, 178–79, 181
1967 Davis Cup competition, 184–88, 196–200
1967 U.S. Nationals, 183–84
1968 Davis Cup competition, 212–20, 226, 231, 234–38
1968 Queensland tournament, 236–38
1968 U.S. Amateur Championship, 221–22, 228, 231
1968 U.S. Open Singles Championship, 222–27, 228, 231–32, 254, 395, 678n44
1968 Wimbledon competition, 214–16
1969 Davis Cup competition, 238–44, 251, 252, 255–56
1969 French Open, 247–48
1969 European tour, 247–51
1969 Madison Square Garden Open, 245–46
1969 U.S. Open, 253–55, 260
1969 Wimbledon competition, 248–51
1970 Australian Open, 266–67, 273, 369
1970 breakthrough year, 273
1970 Davis Cup competition, 267–73
1971 accomplishments, 278–84
1971 Champions Classic, 278–79
1971 French Open doubles, 282
1971 Wimbledon competition, 283–84
1972 tennis season, 296–303
1972 U.S. Open, 299–301
1973 Alan King–Caesars Palace Classic, 304–6
1973 South African Open, 329–38
1973 tennis season, 303–19, 323–46
1973 U.S. Open, 315–16
1973 World Cup tournament, 303–4
1974 European tour, 347–53
1974 French Open, 348–49
1974 South African Open, 357–62
1974 U.S. Open, 354
1974 Wimbledon competition, 350–52
1975 Commercial Union Grand Prix, 390, 391–94
1975 Davis Cup competition, 366–67
1975 tennis season, 364–86, 387–95
1975 U.S. Open, 387–88
1975 WCT Masters Tournament, 369–70
1975 WCT tour, 367–70
1975 Wimbledon victory over Connors, 371–86, 387–90, 453
1976 tennis season, 399–410, 416–17
1976 WCT tour, 400–404
1976 Wimbledon, 405–6
1977 Australian Open doubles, 417, 453
1977 tennis season, 417, 423–26
1978 Australian Open, 438–39
1978 French Open, 435
1978 tennis season, 433–40
1978 U.S. Open, 436–37
1978 Wimbledon, 435–36
1979 Grand Prix Master tournament, 438–40
1979 tennis season, 438–46
1979 U.S. Pro Indoor Championship, 440–41
NJTL and, 193, 290, 292, 299, 590, 625
Olympic boycotts and, 209–11, 216–17, 226, 229, 230, 263, 361, 442, 454, 462
Open Tennis and, 204, 205–27, 222–27, 233–34, 252, 257, 269–77, 296–98
Orange Bowl competition, 54–55, 72–73
ouster as Davis Cup captain, 531–34
PEI and, 260–61
personality of, 4, 10, 15, 41, 59, 76, 103, 123, 135, 149, 168, 182, 192, 229, 263, 280, 292, 293, 445, 457–58, 486, 549
philanthropic activities, 193, 202, 299, 367, 514, 555, 562, 616, 626
physical appearance of, 1–2, 9–11, 17, 38, 40, 49–50, 157–58, 260, 279, 363–64, 379–80, 561, 679n3
playing style of, 68, 71–72, 102, 106, 107, 116–17, 129, 188, 219, 232–33, 279–80, 302, 305, 354, 363–66, 377–82, 390
political views and activism, 2–3, 127–28, 131, 155, 167–78, 171–79, 193, 202, 206–13, 216–18, 229–31, 236–45, 249–56, 262–69, 273–75, 295–302, 318–19, 320–46, 354, 357–62, 383, 400–401, 407–10, 419–23, 426, 441–43, 457–59, 461–65, 469–70, 487–89, 510–11, 515–16, 521–23, 532–34, 539–40, 556–59, 563–67, 585, 591–94, 605
post-collegiate career, 139–59
post-Wimbledon victory life, 387–410
press on, 102, 107, 108, 111, 116, 118, 128, 141, 149, 151–55, 163, 170–71, 182–83, 190, 191, 200, 201, 207–10, 218, 222, 226–33, 235, 236, 248, 249, 265, 279, 300, 302, 305, 326, 329, 333–36, 360–62, 369–70, 379, 383–84, 388, 394–99, 418–19, 427, 441, 444, 456, 479, 487, 496, 523–24, 531, 532, 546, 551–53, 567–78, 588, 599, 607–8, 613–14
protégés and patronage of young black players, 158, 288–94, 361, 399, 436, 457, 482, 490–91, 498, 502, 508, 527, 554–56, 589
as public speaker, 206–11, 462–63, 488, 540, 583
as racial pioneer, 77–78, 131, 132, 151–57, 171–76, 182, 192–93, 202, 206–14, 226, 228–31, 244, 254, 260–65, 280, 285–94, 299, 319, 320–46, 357–62, 367, 389, 419, 426, 458–65, 470, 488–89, 397–98, 506, 521–24, 533, 551–59, 563–67
racial status of “Negroes,” 5, 6, 62, 96, 122, 132, 153–55, 218
racism and, 5, 6, 56–57, 61–65, 73, 77–78, 80–96, 100–101, 131, 142, 143, 146, 151–55, 171–76, 182, 196, 210, 217, 218, 236, 244–46, 249–59, 262–65, 282, 307, 318–19, 392, 399, 403, 404, 425, 614–15
ranked number one, 231, 236–37, 265, 394–95, 399, 402
ranking slide, 265–66, 353, 407
recruited by UCLA, 74–76
relationship with his father, 12, 14–18, 39, 41–42, 44, 53, 60, 61, 67, 68, 75, 105, 109, 116, 117, 123, 145, 148–50, 162–63, 190, 225–26, 229, 237, 243, 344, 416, 446, 457, 514, 521–22, 538, 546, 553–54, 587, 600
religious views, 559–60, 573
retirement from tennis, 455–66
right to privacy debate, 574–78
as rising star, 145–46
St. Louis transitional year, 67–82, 663n2
serve of, 72, 102, 106, 129, 151, 169, 188, 197, 199, 219, 221, 232–33, 249, 366, 380–82
“Shadow” nickname, 81, 103, 611
South African anti-apartheid movement and, 73, 127–28, 209–11, 216–18, 236, 249–56, 264–69, 270–71, 280–82, 285–87, 298, 320–46, 355–62, 368, 408–10, 421–23, 426–27, 434, 462, 464–65, 469–71, 510–11, 521–22, 529, 533–34, 563–65
South African visa controversy, 217, 264–65, 267–68, 280, 282, 286–87, 320–24
as Sportsman of the Year, 599
Sun City episode, 469–70, 510, 511
time management of, 123–24, 133, 152, 168, 254, 364
TransAfrica and, 423, 464
transition to adulthood, 76
transition to midlife, 460–61
transition to social activist role, 353–54
trips to South Africa, 320–46, 353, 357–62, 367–68, 391, 408, 421–22, 566, 567
at UCLA, 83–110, 111–38, 157–59, 170–72, 176, 419
“Uncle Tom” criticism, 175, 263, 333, 422
USLTA competition, 48–50, 51, 54–56, 59, 63–64, 71, 73, 79–81, 101, 115–19, 124, 126, 130
Washington Post articles by, 442, 449, 454, 455, 462, 470, 497, 502, 521, 528, 534, 540, 580
WCT contract, 271–73, 278–79, 303–4
women and, 53, 60–61, 92–93, 103–5, 115, 152, 169–70, 186–87, 195, 200, 230–31, 306–8, 314, 349–51, 397, 405, 412–17, 507–8
WTT and, 314–15
See also specific tournaments, titles,
and venues
Ashe, Arthur Robert, Sr., 5, 8–13, 41, 76, 161, 190, 191, 207, 290, 310, 411, 528–29
death of, 553–54
death of wife Mattie, 14–16
heart disease of, 446, 553
relationship with son Arthur, 12, 14–18, 39, 41–42, 44, 53, 60, 61, 67, 68, 75, 105, 109, 116, 117, 123, 145, 148–50, 162–63, 190, 225–26, 229, 237, 243, 344, 416, 446, 457, 514, 521–22, 538, 546, 553–54, 587, 600
remarriage of, 41–42
Ashe, Camera, 537–39, 542, 554, 567, 569–70, 571, 577, 608
adoption of, 537–39
relationship with her father, 537–39, 570, 585–86, 588, 600, 603–4, 607, 615
Ashe, Johnnie, 11–12, 16, 41, 44, 63, 76, 149–50, 420, 506, 529, 538, 554, 618, 623
relationship with brother Arthur, 149–50, 190–91, 239, 295, 563
Vietnam War service, 149, 190–91, 239, 241, 295
Ashe, Lorene Kimbrough, 41, 44, 60, 76, 148, 149, 162, 191, 529, 554, 587
Ashe, Loretta, 41, 76, 446, 502, 529, 538, 553, 554
Ashe, Luchia, 538, 611
Ashe, Mattie Cordell Cunningham, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14–16, 310, 311, 416, 554, 610
death of, 14–16, 41, 363, 449
Ashe, Pink, 8, 12
Ashe, Robert, 41, 76, 529, 554
Ashe, Samuel, 8
Ashe-Bollettieri Cities program (ABC), 554–55
Asia, 155, 241
racism, 241
Asian Americans, 84, 92–93
Association of Independent Tennis Professionals, 269
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), 300–303, 304–5, 313, 314, 326, 336, 348, 351–52, 354, 355, 372, 373, 381, 383, 385, 394, 402, 403, 405–6, 423–24, 444, 454, 461, 565, 578, 589, 590, 616
Arthur Ashe Humanitarian of the Year Award, 590, 616
Ashe as president of, 351–52, 354, 363, 364, 365, 403, 405–6, 423–24, 444, 454
Pilic Affair and, 309–13
twentieth anniversary gala, 595–96
WTT vs., 314–15
Athletes Career Connection (ACC), 555–56, 562
Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU) tournament, 125, 135
Atlanta, 164, 196, 212, 280, 318
Atlanta Braves, 164
Atlanta Invitational tournament, 196
Atlanta Open, 173
Attles, Al, 398
Augusta National Golf Club, 558
Austin, Henry “Bunny,” 704n33
Austin, Tracy, 578
Australia, 25, 60, 96, 150–57, 233, 266
Ashe’s tours in, 150–57, 186–88, 236–38, 266–67, 417, 438–39, 484–87
Davis Cup competition, 119, 121, 132–33, 136, 148, 151–52, 182, 184–88, 233–38, 355, 366–67, 484–87, 516, 517, 537
World Cup, 269–70