While these dialects are blended together, there is a general avoidance of the extreme forms characteristic of each. Thus Pindar has no Epic forms in -φι, or infinitives from verbs ending in -ω. Similarly, while he uses ων for oυν, he never uses the Doric ω for ου in τώ and τώς and in Μώσα. Nor, in the inflexions of verbs.
Under the influence of the Lesbian poets, Alcaeus and Sappho, certain Aeolic forms are introduced. Thus we have oi for ου, in Μοισα, and in participles, such as ίδοισα and εoισa (for ονσα). We also have -ais for -as in first aorist active participles, such as κλέψαις and όλίσαις. Further, φαεννον and κλεα-νον are used for φαεινον and κλίΐνόν, and οννμα, for όνομα, and similarly οννμάζω.
The Doric ά is used for the Epic and Attic η in words like άρχά, κράνα,’Αχώ, Άώς. But, in forms from βάλλω, πλήθω, χράω, η remains unchanged, e g. βφΧησθαι, ττληθονroç, χρησθεν. ao and αω are contracted into a, e g. ττασαν (for ττασάων, πασών), ταν, Μοισάν. α is sometimes found instead of e, as in τάμνοισαι, τράφοισα, φρασίν.
Among changes of consonants may be noted, γλίφαρον for βλίφαρον (P. iv 121), side by side with ίλικοβλίφάρου (ib. 172); ορνιχα for όρνιθα, αντις for ανθις, St κοντά i for δέονται, τίθμος for θζσμός, eVXoç for iσθλός, ζυνον for κοινόν, ώτε for ώστε.
The Epie tradition is followed in assuming the survival of the digamma at the beginning of certain words. Before these words vowels may stand; and short vowels generally remain unelided. Among these words are: — άναξ, άνάσσω, άνδάνω, αχώ, ά8ομαι, eîSoç, είδώς, î8civ, ΐ8ρις, ισαντι, είκοσι, είntiv, Ιοικότα, Ζπος, ελπίς, ίργον, ep£aç, ίσπέρα, έτος, ήθος,’ΙδαΓος, ίδιο?,’Ιλιάδας, ίσος, οι (sibi), oç (suu i), okoç, οΐκιω, and flaviç.
In nouns of the first declension, the genitive singular (masculine) ends either in -ao or in -à; the genitive plural (masculine or feminine), in άν (not άων), e g. Αΐακιδάν, and άρετάν aiτο πασαν. In the second declension, the genitive singular ends in -ου or (less often) in -010. The accusative plural has the Doric ending in -oç in some old MSS in six passages: — κακαγόρος (O. i. 53), εσλος (N. i. 24; iii 29), vâtroç (O. ii 71), υπέροχος (Ν. iii 24), ημενος (Ν. x 62). In the third declension, the dative plural in -εσσι is preferred, e g. ελαννόντεσσιν (for iαύνονσιν).
In personal pronouns we almost always find the * forms in μμ, as αμμες, αμμι (ήμΐν), άμμε, νμμες, νμμι, νμμε. For the second person singular we have nom. τυ, gen. σεο, σεν, σεθεν, dat. TOI, τίν, (σοί?). Among possessive pronouns we have άμος for εμάς, τεοç for σοç.
In verbs, the third person plural never ends in -ουσι but either in the Doric -οντι or the Aeolic -οισιν. The infinitive oftener ends in the Doric -μεν than in the Attic -eiν, e g. σταμεν, θίμεν, δόxev, ΐμεν, θανίμΐ,ν, Ιμμεν (and ΐμμεναι). There is manuscript authority for -ev in γapvev (O. i 3), 7ropevev (O. iii 25), âyayév (P. iv 56), and τράφιν (P. iv 115). The feminine participle present and second aorist active ends in the Aeolic -οισα, and the first aorist active in -αις, -αισα.
Among the prepositions -n-cha is used for μετά, ποτι is found as well as ττρός, and the final vowel of ποτi and πεpi may be elided, êvç Avas the original form of eis and es, and ev with the accusative is used for eίς in P. ii llj 86, and iv 258.
The language of the different odes has an Aeolic or a Doric colouring which varies with the rhythms in which they were composed.
V. MANUSCRIPTS
The 142 extant MSS of Pindar fall into two classes (1) the ancient MSS, and (2) the interpolated MSS. The ancient MSS belong to two recensions (a) the Ambrosian, best represented by a MS in the Ambrosian Library in Milan, and (b) the Vatican, at the head of which is the MS in the Vatican Library, in Rome. The following is a conspectus of the principal MSS belonging to these two recensions, with the portions of the Odes which they contain: —
(2) The interpolated mss represent the editorial activity of three Byzantine scholars of century xiv: — Thomas Magister, Moschopulus, and Triclinius. Fifteen mss show the influence of the first of these scholars; forty-two that of the second, and twenty-eight that of the third.
The Delphi Classics Catalogue
We are proud to present a listing of our complete catalogue of English titles, with new titles being added every month. Buying direct from our website means you can make great savings and take advantage of our instant Updates service. You can even purchase an entire series (Super Set) at a special discounted price.
Only from our website can readers purchase the special Parts Edition of our Complete Works titles. When you buy a Parts Edition, you will receive a folder of your chosen author’s works, with each novel, play, poetry collection, non-fiction book and more divided into its own special volume. This allows you to read individual novels etc. and to know precisely where you are in an eBook. For more information, please visit our Parts Edition page.
Series One
Anton Chekhov
Charles Dickens
D.H. Lawrence
Dickensiana Volume I
Edgar Allan Poe
Elizabeth Gaskell
Fyodor Dostoyevsky
George Eliot
H. G. Wells
Henry James
Ivan Turgenev
Jack London
James Joyce
Jane Austen
Joseph Conrad
Leo Tolstoy
Louisa May Alcott
Mark Twain
Oscar Wilde
Robert Louis Stevenson
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Sir Walter Scott
The Brontës
Thomas Hardy
Virginia Woolf
Wilkie Collins
William Makepeace Thackeray
Series Two
Alexander Pushkin
Alexandre Dumas (English)
Andrew Lang
Anthony Trollope
Bram Stoker
Christopher Marlowe
Daniel Defoe
Edith Wharton
F. Scott Fitzgerald
G. K. Chesterton
Gustave Flaubert (English)
H. Rider Haggard
Herman Melville
Honoré de Balzac (English)
J. W. von Goethe (English)
Jules Verne
L. Frank Baum
Lewis Carroll
Marcel Proust (English)
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nikolai Gogol
O. Henry
Rudyard Kipling
Tobias Smollett
Victor Hugo
William Shakespeare
Series Three
Ambrose Bierce
Ann Radcliffe
Ben Jonson
Charles Lever
Émile Zola
Ford Madox Ford
Geoffrey Chaucer
George Gissing
George Orwell
Guy de Maupassant
H. P. Lovecraft
Henry David Thoreau
Henry Fielding
J. M. Barrie
James Fenimore Cooper
John Buchan
John Galsworthy
Jonathan Swift
Kate Chopin
Katherine Mansfield
L. M. Montgomery
Laurence Sterne
Mary Shelley
Sheridan Le Fanu
Washington Irving
Series Four
Arnold Bennett
Arthur Machen
Beatrix Potter
Bret Harte
&
nbsp; Captain Frederick Marryat
Charles Kingsley
Charles Reade
G. A. Henty
Edgar Rice Burroughs
Edgar Wallace
E. M. Forster
E. Nesbit
George Meredith
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Jerome K. Jerome
John Ruskin
Maria Edgeworth
M. E. Braddon
Miguel de Cervantes
M. R. James
R. M. Ballantyne
Robert E. Howard
Samuel Johnson
Stendhal
Stephen Crane
Zane Grey
Series Five
Algernon Blackwood
Anatole France
Beaumont and Fletcher
Charles Darwin
Edward Bulwer-Lytton
Edward Gibbon
E. F. Benson
Frances Hodgson Burnett
Friedrich Nietzsche
George Bernard Shaw
George MacDonald
Hilaire Belloc
John Bunyan
John Webster
Margaret Oliphant
Maxim Gorky
Oliver Goldsmith
Radclyffe Hall
Robert W. Chambers
Samuel Butler
Samuel Richardson
Sir Thomas Malory
Thomas Carlyle
William Harrison Ainsworth
William Dean Howells
William Morris
Series Six
Anthony Hope
Aphra Behn
Arthur Morrison
Baroness Emma Orczy
Captain Mayne Reid
Charlotte M. Yonge
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
E. W. Hornung
Ellen Wood
Frances Burney
Frank Norris
Frank R. Stockton
Hall Caine
Horace Walpole
One Thousand and One Nights
R. Austin Freeman
Rafael Sabatini
Saki
Samuel Pepys
Sir Issac Newton
Stanley J. Weyman
Thomas De Quincey
Thomas Middleton
Voltaire
William Hazlitt
William Hope Hodgson
Ancient Classics
Aeschylus
Apuleius
Apollonius of Rhodes
Aristophanes
Aristotle
Arrian
Bede
Cassius Dio
Catullus
Cicero
Demosthenes
Diodorus Siculus
Diogenes Laërtius
Euripides
Frontius
Herodotus
Hesiod
Hippocrates
Homer
Horace
Josephus
Julius Caesar
Juvenal
Livy
Longus
Lucan
Lucretius
Marcus Aurelius
Martial
Nonnus
Ovid
Pausanias
Petronius
Pindar
Plato
Pliny the Elder
Pliny the Younger
Plotinus
Plutarch
Polybius
Propertius
Quintus Smyrnaeus
Sallust
Sappho
Seneca the Younger
Sophocles
Statius
Suetonius
Tacitus
Terence
Theocritus
Thucydides
Tibullus
Virgil
Xenophon
Delphi Poets Series
A. E. Housman
Alexander Pope
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Algernon Charles Swinburne
Andrew Marvell
Beowulf
Charlotte Smith
Christina Rossetti
D. H Lawrence (poetry)
Dante Alighieri (English)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Delphi Poetry Anthology
Edgar Allan Poe (poetry)
Edmund Spenser
Edward Lear
Edward Thomas
Edwin Arlington Robinson
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Emily Dickinson
Ezra Pound
Friedrich Schiller (English)
George Herbert
Gerard Manley Hopkins
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Isaac Rosenberg
Johan Ludvig Runeberg
John Clare
John Donne
John Dryden
John Keats
John Milton
John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester
Lord Byron
Ludovico Ariosto
Luís de Camões
Matthew Arnold
Michael Drayton
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Robert Browning
Robert Burns
Robert Frost
Robert Southey
Rumi
Rupert Brooke
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Sir Philip Sidney
Sir Thomas Wyatt
Sir Walter Raleigh
Thomas Chatterton
Thomas Gray
Thomas Hardy (poetry)
Thomas Hood
T. S. Eliot
W. B. Yeats
Walt Whitman
Wilfred Owen
William Blake
William Cowper
William Wordsworth
Masters of Art
Caravaggio
Claude Monet
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Diego Velázquez
Eugène Delacroix
Gustav Klimt
J. M. W. Turner
Johannes Vermeer
John Constable
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Paul Cézanne
Paul Klee
Peter Paul Rubens
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Sandro Botticelli
Raphael
Rembrandt van Rijn
Titian
Vincent van Gogh
Wassily Kandinsky
www.delphiclassics.com
Is there an author or artist you would like to see in a series? Contact us at sales@delphiclassics.com (or via the social network links below) and let us know!
Be the first to learn of new releases and special offers:
Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/delphiebooks
Follow our Tweets: https://twitter.com/delphiclassics
Explore our exciting boards at Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/delphiclassics/
Ancient ruins of Argos in the Peloponnese. Pindar lived to about eighty years of age, dying c. 440 BC, while attending a festival at Argos. His ashes were taken back home to Thebes by his musically-gifted daughters, Eumetis and Protomache.