Traill, The Life of Sir John Franklin.
Wallace, Hugh N. The Navy, the Company and Richard King: British Exploration in the Canadian Arctic, 1829-1860. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, [1980].
Woodward, Portrait of Jane.
Wright, Noel. Quest for Franklin. London: Heinemann, 1959.
CHAPTER FOUR
Unpublished Manuscripts
National Archives of Canada
MG24 H27 Sir Francis Leopold McClintock Papers
Scott Polar Research Institute
MS116 Penny Papers
MS 1503 Richardson-Voss Collection
MS248/112, 115, 161 Jane Franklin Journal
MS248/229 Sophia Cracroft Journal
MS248/247 Sophia Cracroft, letters to her mother and sisters
MS787/1 John Rae Autobiography
Newspapers
Athenaeum 11 Jan., 11 Feb., 15 Mar. 1845
Illustrated London News, 1847-1859
The Times, 1847-1859
Published Sources
Bellot, Joseph-René. Memoirs.… London: Hurst and Blackett, 1855.
Cooke, Alan. “The Autobiography of Dr. John Rae (1813-1893): A Preliminary Note,” Polar Record 14, No. 89, 1968.
—— and Holland, “Chronological List of Expeditions and Historical Events in Northern Canada.”
Corner, George. Doctor Kane of the Arctic Seas. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1972.
Cyriax, “Arctic Sledge Travelling by Officers of the Royal Navy.”
——, Sir John Franklin’s Last Expedition.
Dodge, The Polar Rosses.
Elder, William. Biography of Elisha Kent Kane. Philadelphia: Childs & Peterson, 1858.
Goodsir, Robert Anstruther. An Arctic Voyage to Baffin’s Bay and Lancaster Sound in Search of Friends with Sir John Franklin.… London: John Van Voorst, 1850.
Hodgson, Maurice. “Bellot and Kennedy: A Contrast in Personalities,” Beaver, Outfit 305, No. 1, 1974.
Holland, Clive. “The Arctic Committee of 1851: A Background Study, Part 1,” Polar Record 20, No. 124, 1980.
——. “The Arctic Committee of 1851: A Background Study, Part 2,” Polar Record 20, No. 125, 1980.
Johnson, Sir John Richardson.
Kane, Elisha Kent. The U.S. Grinnell Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin: A Personal Narrative. New York: Harper & Bros., 1854.
Kennedy, Mary. “Lt. Joseph-René Bellot,” Beaver, Outfit 269, No. 1, 1938.
Kennedy, William. A Short Narrative of the Second Voyage of the Prince Albert in Search of Sir John Franklin. London: W.H. Dalton, 1853.
King, The Franklin Expedition from First to Last.
M’Dougall, George F. The Eventful Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ship ‘Resolute’ to the Arctic Regions.… London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans & Roberts, 1857.
Neatby, The Search for Franklin.
Osborn, Sherard (ed.). The Discovery of the North-West Passage.… Edmonton: Hurtig, 1969 (reprint; originally published 1856).
——. Stray Leaves from an Arctic Journal.… New York: George P. Putnam, 1852.
Owen, The Fate of Franklin.
Pullen, W.J.S. “Pullen in Search of Franklin, Part 1,” Beaver, Outfit 277, March, 1947.
——. “Pullen in Search of Franklin, Part 2,” Beaver, Outfit 278, June, 1947.
Rae, John. Narrative of an Expedition to the Shores of the Arctic Sea in 1846 and 1847. Toronto: Canadiana House, 1970 (reprint).
Rich, E.E. John Rae’s Correspondence with the Hudson’s Bay Company on Arctic Exploration, 1844-1855. London: Hudson’s Bay Record Society, 1953.
Richards, Robert L. Dr. John Rae. Whitby: Caedmon, 1985.
Richardson, John. Arctic Searching Expedition: Journal of a Boat Voyage through Rupert’s Land and the Arctic Sea in Search of the Discovery Ships under the Command of Sir John Franklin. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1851.
Ross, John, Rear-Admiral Sir John Franklin.
Savours, “Sir James Clark Ross.”
Shaw, Edward. “Captain William Kennedy,” Historical and Scientific Society of Manitoba Papers, Ser. Ill, No. 27, 1970-71.
Snow, William Parker. Voyage of the Prince Albert in Search of Sir John Franklin. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1851.
Stefansson, Vilhjalmur. “Rae’s Arctic Correspondence,” Beaver, Outfit 284, March, 1954.
Sutherland, Peter. Journal of a Voyage in Baffin’s Bay and Barrow Straits in the Years 1850-51.… London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1852.
Wallace, H.N., The Navy, the Company and Richard King.
Wallace, R.C. “Rae of the Arctic,” Beaver, Outfit 284, March, 1954.
Woodward, Frances J. “The Franklin Search in 1850,” Polar Record 5, No. 40, 1950.
——. “Joseph-René Bellot, 1826-53,” Polar Record 5, No. 39, 1950.
——, Portrait of Jane.
Wright, Noel, Quest for Franklin.
CHAPTER FIVE
Unpublished Manuscripts
National Archives of Canada
MG24 H30 McClure Papers
National Maritime Museum
JOD/102 Henry Piers Journal
Newspapers
Illustrated London News, 1847-1859
The Times, 1847-1859
Published Sources
Armstrong, Alexander. A Personal Narrative of the Discovery of the North-West Passage.… London: Hurst and Blackett, 1857.
Bellot, Memoirs.
Kennedy, Mary, “Lt. Joseph-René Bellot.”
Kennedy, William, A Short Narrative.
Jones, A.G.E. “Captain Robert Martin: A Peterhead Whaling Master in the 19th Century,” Scottish Geographical Magazine 85, No. 3, 1969.
Neatby, L.H. (ed.). Frozen Ships: The Arctic Diary of Johann Miertsching, 1850-54. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1967.
——, The Search for Franklin.
Nelson, J.H. “The Last Voyage of H.M.S. Investigator, 1850-53 and the Discovery of the North West Passage,” Polar Record 13, No. 87, 1967.
Osborn, The Discovery of the North-West Passage.
——, Stray Leaves from an Arctic Journal.
Owen, The Fate of Franklin.
Shaw, “Captain William Kennedy.”
Sutherland, Patricia, The Franklin Era in Canadian Arctic History.
Woodward, “Joseph-René Bellot.”
——, Portrait of Jane.
Wright, Noel, Quest for Franklin.
CHAPTER SIX
Unpublished Manuscripts
Historical Society of Pennsylvania
Dreer Collection: Elisha Kent Kane Journal
National Archives of Canada
MG24 H27 Sir Francis Leopold McClintock Papers
MG24H31 W. May Papers
Scott Polar Research Institute
MS116 Penny Papers
Stanford University Libraries, Dept. of Special Collections
Elisha Kent Kane Journal
United States National Archives
RG401 John Wall Wilson Journal
Government Documents
House of Commons, Sessional Papers, Reports from Committees, Vol. 7, session 12, Dec. 1854-14 Aug. 1855.
Newspapers
Illustrated London News, 1847-1859
The Times, 1847-1859
Published Sources
Belcher, Edward. The Last of the Arctic Voyages.… London: Lovell Reeve, 1855.
Burns, Flora Hamilton. “H.M.S. Herald in Search of Franklin,” Beaver, Outfit 294, Autumn, 1963.
Corner, Doctor Kane of the Arctic Seas.
Cullum, George W. “Doctor Isaac I. Hayes,” American Geographical Society Bulletin, Vol. 13, 1881.
Elder, Biography of Elisha Kent Kane.
[Fox, Margaret]. The Love-Life of Dr. Kane, Containing the Correspondence and a History of the Acquaintance, Engagement and Secret Marriage between Elisha Kent Kane and Margaret Fox. New York: Carleton, 1865.
Godfrey, William C. Godfrey’s Narrative of the Last
Grinnell Arctic Exploring Expedition.… Philadelphia: J.T. Lloyd & Co., 1857.
[Hans Hendrik]. Memoirs of Hans Hendrik, the Arctic Traveller Serving under Kane, Hayes, Hall and Nares … 1853-1876. London: Trubner & Co., 1876.
Hayes, Isaac Israel. An Arctic Boat-Journey in the Autumn of 1854. London: Richard Bentley, 1860.
Inglefield, E. A. A Summer Search for Sir John Franklin.… London: Thomas Harrison, 1853.
Kane, Elisha Kent. Arctic Explorations: The Second Grinnell Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin, 1853, ’54, ’55. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Childs & Peterson, 1856.
Kennedy, Mary, “Lt. Joseph-René Bellot.”
Kerr, Howard. Mediums and Spirit-rappers and Roaring Radicals: Spiritualism in American Literature, 1850-1900. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1972.
——, and Crow, Charles (eds.). The Occult in America: New Historical Perspectives. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1983.
L’Estrange, Lady Belcher and Her Friends.
Markham, Sir Clements R. “Admiral Sir Leopold M’Clintock, K.C.B.,” Geographical Journal 31, No. 1, 1908.
——. The Life of Sir Leopold McClintock. London: John Murray, 1909.
M’Dougall, Eventful Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ship ‘Resolute.’
Neatby, Leslie. Conquest of the Last Frontier. Toronto: Longmans Canada, 1966.
——, Frozen Ships.
——, The Search for Franklin.
Nelson, “The Last Voyage of H.M.S. Investigator.”
Osborn, The Discovery of the North-West Passage.
Owen, The Fate of Franklin.
Rich, John Rae’s Correspondence with the Hudson’s Bay Company.
Richards, Dr. John Rae.
Stefansson, “Rae’s Arctic Correspondence.”
——, Unsolved Mysteries of the Arctic.
Sutherland, Patricia, The Franklin Era.
Traili, The Life of Sir John Franklin.
Villarejo, Oscar (ed.). Dr. Kane’s Voyage to the Polar Lands. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1965.
Wallace, Hugh, The Navy, the Company and Richard King.
Wallace, R.C., “Rae of the Arctic.”
Woodward, Frances J. “Edward Augustus Inglefield,” Polar Record 5, Nos. 35/36, Jan.-July, 1948.
——, Portrait of Jane.
Wright, Noel, Quest for Franklin.
CHAPTER SEVEN
Unpublished Manuscripts
Historical Society of Pennsylvania
Dreer Collection: Kane Journal
National Maritime Museum (London)
Philip Sharpe Papers
Scott Polar Research Institute
MS1161 Private journal of Francis T. Skead
Stanford University Libraries, Dept. of Special Collections
Elisha Kent Kane Journal
United States National Archives
RG401 John Wall Wilson Journal
Newspapers
Illustrated London News, 1847-1859
The Times, 1847-1859
Published Sources
Collinson, Richard. Journal of H.M.S. Enterprise, on the Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin’s Ships by Behring Strait, 1850-55 (ed. Thomas Collinson). London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1889.
Corner, Doctor Kane of the Arctic Seas.
Cullum, “Doctor Isaac I. Hayes.”
Elder, Biography of Elisha Kent Kane.
[Fox], The Love-Life of Dr. Kane.
Godfrey, Godfrey’s Narrative of the Last Grinnell Arctic Exploring Expedition. [Hans Hendrik], Memoirs.
Hayes, An Arctic Boat-Journey.
Kane, Arctic Explorations.
Neat by, Conquest of the Last Frontier.
——, The Search for Franklin.
Sutherland, Patricia, The Franklin Era.
Villarejo, Dr. Kane’s Voyage.
Wright, Noel, Quest for Franklin.
CHAPTER EIGHT
Unpublished Manuscripts
National Maritime Museum
Philip Sharpe Papers
National Archives of Canada
MG24 H27 McClintock Papers
Newspapers
Illustrated London News, 1847-1859
The Times, 1847-1859
Published Sources
Amy, Bhatnagar, Damkjar, and Beattie, “The Last Franklin Expedition.”
Anderson, James. “Extracts from Chief Factor James Anderson’s Arctic Journal,” Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, Vol. 27.
Beattie, “A Report on Newly Discovered Human Skeletal Remains.”
——. and Geiger, Frozen in Time.
—— and Savelle, “Discovery of Human Remains from Franklin’s Last Expedition.”
Corner, Doctor Kane of the Arctic Seas.
Cyriax, Sir John Franklin’s Last Arctic Expedition.
——, “The Two Franklin Expedition Records.”
Elder, Biography of Elisha Kent Kane.
Galaburri, “The Franklin Records.”
Gibson, “Sir John Franklin’s Last Voyage.”
——, “Some Further Traces of the Franklin Retreat.”
Markham, “Admiral Sir Leopold McClintock.”
M’Clintock, Capt. F.L. The Voyage of the Fox in the Arctic Seas: A Narrative of the Fate of Sir John Franklin and His Companions. Edmonton: Hurtig, 1972 (reprint).
Neatby, The Search for Franklin.
Notman, Anderson, Beattie, and Amy, “Arctic Paleoradiology.”
Owen, The Fate of Franklin.
Skewes, Sir John Franklin.
Stefansson, Unsolved Mysteries of the Arctic.
Traili, The Life of Sir John Franklin.
Wallace, Hugh, The Navy, the Company and Richard King.
Woodward, Portrait of Jane.
Wright, Noel, Quest for Franklin.
CHAPTER NINE
Unpublished Manuscripts
United States National Archives
RG401/33 Tyson Papers: expedition notes and diaries, fair copy 1872-73, nos. 1-6
RG45-D136 Noah Hayes Journal
Government Documents
43rd Congress, 1st session, executive document 1, part 3. Report of the Secretary of the Navy, transcript of the Board of Inquiry into the Polaris.
Newspapers
New York Herald, September/October, 1873.
New York Times, 1860-1873
The Times, 1873
Published Sources
Anon. “Report of the Reception by the American Geographical Society of Captain Hall and His Officers Previous to Their Departure for the Arctic Regions, Held 26th June 1871,” Journal of the American Geographical Society, 1870-71.
Blake, Euphemia Vale (ed.). Arctic Experiences, Containing Capt. George E. Tyson’s Wonderful Drift on the Ice Floe.… New York: Harper Bros., 1874.
Burgess, Helen. “Tookoolito of Cumberland Sound,” North 15, No. 1, 1968.
Cullum, “Doctor Isaac I. Hayes.”
Cyriax, Richard J. “Captain Hall and the So-called Survivors of the Franklin Expedition,” Polar Record 4, No. 28, 1944.
Davis, Rear-Admiral C.H. Narrative of the North Polar Expedition U.S. Ship Polaris.… Washington: Government Printing Office, 1876.
Hall, Charles Francis. Life with the Esquimaux.… Edmonton: Hurtig, 1970 (reprint).
[Hans Hendrik], Memoirs.
Hayes, Isaac Israel. The Open Polar Sea: A Narrative of a Voyage of Discovery towards the North Pole. New York: Hurd & Houghton, 1867.
Loomis, Chauncey, and Wilson, M.A. “The Polaris Expedition, 1871-73: A Newly Found Graphic Record,” Prologue, Journal of the National Archives, Spring, 1970.
——. Weird and Tragic Shores: The Story of Charles Francis Hall, Explorer.
New York: Alfred Knopf, 1971.
Neatby, Conquest of the Last Frontier.
——. “Joe and Hannah,” Beaver, Autumn, 1969.
Nourse, J.E. (ed.). Narrative of the Second Arctic
Expedition Made by Charles F. Hall.… Washington: Government Printing Office, 1879.
Ross, W. Gillies. Arctic Whalers, Icy Seas: Narratives of the Davis Strait Whale Fishery. Toronto: Irwin Publishing, 1985.
CHAPTER TEN
Unpublished Manuscripts
National Archives of Canada
MG29 B12 George Strong Nares Papers
National Maritime Museum
Wm. May Papers MAY 11/2; MAY 13
Albert Markham Papers, MRK13, MRK45, pts. 2 and 3
Government Documents
House of Commons, Parliamentary Papers:
1875, Vol. XLV, p. 523. Papers and correspondence as to equipment and fitting out of expedition of 1875, including report of Admiralty Arctic Committee.
1876, Vol. XLV, p. 463. Further Papers and Correspondence.
1877, Vol. LVI, p. 1. Journals and Proceedings of Expedition 1875-76, under command of Captain Sir George Nares.
1877, Vol. LVI, p. 1137. Letter addressed by Admiralty to Sir George S. Nares on outbreak of scurvy.
1878, Vol. LII, p. 791. Medical report on Eskimo dog disease by fleet surgeon Belgrave Ninnis, M.D.
Newspapers
The Graphic, 1875-1876
Illustrated London News, 1875-1876
The Spectator, 4 Nov. 1876
The Times, 1874-1877
Published Sources
Caswell, John. “The RGS and the British Arctic Expedition, 1875-76,” Geographical Journal 143, Pt. 2, 1977.
Chick, Harriette; Hume, E. Margaret; Skelton, Ruth F.; Smith, Alice Henderson. “The Relative Content of Antiscorbutic Principle in Limes and Lemons,” Lancet, 30 November 1918.
Deacon, Margaret, and Savours, Ann. “Sir George Strong Nares (1831-1915),” Polar Record 18, No. 113, 1976.