Jacobson, Joe, views on: air force training in Canada, 35–36, 37, 40, 51, 52–55, 57–59, 66, 76–77; American entry into war, 276, 280–81, 298–99; American neutrality and war preparation, 23–24, 66–67, 268–69; anti-Semitism, 21–22, 232; Bomber Command aircraft, compared with other national air forces, 65–66, 247–48; Bomber Command hierarchy and personnel, 243–44, 251–53; British, American, and German war capabilities, 142–43; British press, 145, 268; Canadian army, 24, 37, 95; Canada’s war preparedness, 23; commissions, 132, 251; conduct of bombing operations, 218, 238, 247–52; England and the English, 120, 141–44, 146–48, 151–52, 168–69, 239, 271–72, 281; enlistment, 15–16, 22–24, 26–27, 30–31; first sorties, 192–96; flying risks, 79–80, 165–66, 195, 197, 220, 250, 312; Germany’s war capabilities, 57–58, 142–43, 227, 248–49; his Canadian and Empire identity, 169, 272, 275; Jewish identity of, 231–32, 262, 276; Jewish obligation to enlist, 22, 27, 31, 38, 39–40, 230–32; Kostoris family, 153–54, 157; life on operations, 192, 194–97, 216–17, 247, 249–52, 254–55, 259–60, 287–90, 296–97; London, 110–12, 166–67, 233–34; marriage and relationships with women, 18, 44–45, 159, 169, 283, 288, 296; morale in Bomber Command, 247, 288; night bombing, 248; operational training in England, 125, 131, 134–37, 138–40, 165; qualities of and relations among Canadian, British, and other Dominion air forces and airmen, 65, 93, 119, 147–49, 195–96, 227, 252, 272, 298; pacifism, 125, 275; Percy’s expectations of him, 22, 92, 228; personal situation and prospects, 69, 125, 202–3, 219–20, 227, 228–29; 243, 263, 267, 269, 270, 276–77, 288–89; politics, 143, 144, 151–52, 252, 260, 268–75; Pony Club, 124–25; Preston, 19–20; prospects for tour completion, 219, 244, 259–61, 277; prospects for victory, 202, 268, 272; religion and faith, 230–31; sense of purpose, 70, 202, 239, 250, 260, 282, 309–10, 360; separation from RCAF, 113–14, 119, 122; war situation, ix, 23–24, 26–27, 135, 143–33, 147, 271, 280, 297; western Canada, 51, 53, 70–71
Jacobson, May, xiv, 5, 6, 12, 87–88, 125, 332, 356; visits to Lichtenvoorde, 350–51, 351
Jacobson, Percy, xiv, 11; as author and dramatist, 6; business activities, 6; communications with Canadian government following Joe’s death, 330–32, 336; death, 351, 356; diaries, x–xii, 293; as diarist, 3; early life, 5–6; fears for Joe, 87, 222, 246, 258; grieving for Joe, 329–32; visit to Lichtenvoorde, 350, 351
Jacobson, Percy: views on: bombing in war, 222; Canadian war situation, 5, 22, 307; end of war, 355; England, 5; European war situation, 3, 25, 33, 258; inter-ethnic relations in Montreal, 292, 355; Jewish situation, 4, 72; Joe’s courage, 60, 93, 336–37; Joe’s diaries, 372–75; Joe’s embarkation, 85–88; Joe’s enlistment, 3–4, 5; Joe’s future, 10, 33, 72, 86–87, 293; Joe’s personal qualities, 93, 292–93; Joe’s political views, 307; Joe in Preston, 17, 20; Joe’s sense of purpose, 337; Joe’s state of mind, 140, 220, 246; Joe in training, 47, 71–72; May, 33, 72, 87, 88, 245–46, 324–25, 326, 331; Pony Club, 245; reaction to Joe reported missing, 323–35; reaction to Joe reported killed, 326–27; youth in war, 4, 32, 86, 88, 222
Jacobson, Peter: 5, 8, 11, 87, 125, 330–34, 336
Jacobson family: family life, 6, 85–87; takes in children from England, 32
Japan: and Pacific War, 276, 280
Jews: in air force, 42–43, in England, 156; situation of in Canada, 4, 10, 39–40; situation of in Montreal, 6, 9–10
Johnson, Hewlitt (The Socialist Sixth of the World), 268, 274
Jones, Toby, 133, 135–36
Jupp, Les, 61, 68, 91n1, 282, 282n3, 358
Kammhuber Line, 204, 206, 209, 211, 235, 257, 317, 345
Kennedy, Ed, 166, 166n2, 197, 301
Keswick, MacLaren, 51n1, 61, 83, 91n1, 97, 109, 225, 225n1, 301, 304, 357
King, Mackenzie, 28–29, 114
Knowles, Les, 135, 191
Kostoris, Dan and Henriette, 153–58, 161, 162, 197–98, 232, 234–35, 262, 295, 305, 334n5, 358
Kostoris, Liliane and Yvette, 32, 54, 155, 358
Leemreize, Hendrik, 350–51, 352, 353–54, 353n9
Lettice, Clara, 185–86, 187, 226, 235, 263, 288, 303, 303n6, 304, 306, 328, 334
Lichtenvoorde (NL): funeral in, ix, xv, 346, 348–49, 347–48; General Cemetery, 336, 338, 352; Jacobsons’ visit to, 350, 352, 356; Memorial Day in, 354; putative events in, 351–52; resistance to occupation in, 351–54. See also aircraft, Royal Air Force: Hampden AT122, fate of
Lincoln, Abraham, 321, 328
Littlefield, Everett, 233–34, 233n1, 261
London: arrival of Canadians in, 109–10; blitz in, 110–13; wartime conditions in, 109–13, 167, 197
Lord Moran (Charles Wilson), 1, 265, 363
Lord Haw Haw (William Joyce), 227, 227n3
Lorenz (blind landing aid), 248
Ludlow-Hewitt, Air Chief Marshal Sir Edgar, 177
Luftwaffe, 111, 144, 178, 345, 357; capabilities and tactics, 58, 81, 170, 183, 300. See also German air defences
MacMillan, Jim, 166n2
map reading, 52, 76, 129–30, 170, 192, 194, 216
Matkin, Fred, 218, 218n5, 226
McGill University, 4, 5, 51, 56, 76, 115, 197, 333, 336; football team, ix, 3, 7, 17, 18, 77n2, 78, 78n3, 115, 261n6, 328, 357; Joe at, 7–9; May Jacobson at, 5; Pony Club at, 9; RCAF at, 123
McIntyre, Jack, 120, 121, 135, 136, 136n9, 188, 197, 199, 216, 218, 225–26, 225n2, 231, 260, 261, 301, 305
McIver, Doug, 188, 218, 226, 236, 257, 257n2, 260–61
McLean, G.P. (Jeep), 83, 91n1, 109, 197, 22n5, 138–39, 156–57, 160, 238, 357
Michaels, Alfred, Denise, and Rebecca, 32, 154
Michaels, Dorothy, 88, 88n1
Michaels, John, 108, 108n8
Miller, Hugh (Pop), 83, 97, 138, 138n13, 185, 218, 226, 259, 282, 301, 301n5
mines and mine-laying, 203, 204, 253, 380n2 (ch. 26), 381n1, 382n10
Mitchell, Robert George, 138, 138n12
Monk, Arthur, 306, 306n10
Montreal: attitudes in, 31, 98, 110; inter-ethnic relations in, 292; Jewish community in, 6, 7, 9; at outbreak of war, 3
Montreal Gazette, 234n2, 339, 356
Montreal Star, 61
Moose Jaw (Sask.), 63, 64, 68, 70–71, 288
Mossbank (Sask.), 63–64. See also British Commonwealth Air Training Plan: Bombing and Gunnery School
National Resources Mobilization Act, 29
navigation: aids to, 215, 248; errors of, 52, 180, 213–14; methods of, 52; Navigation Bulletin, 213, 215, 236, 253–54; pre-war status in RAF, 52, 178; procedures, 190; problems of, 179–80, 214–16, 253–54; training for, 52–54, 57–59, 75–78, 80. See also astro-navigation; observers
Netherlands. See Holland
Netherlands War Graves Committee, 350
New York City, 9, 78, 98, 167, 281, 299, 358
night bombing: necessity of, 178–81; problems of, 80, 178–81, 211, 213–16, 217, 236, 248; progress of, in 1940, 178–82. See also strategic bombing
night fighters. See German air defences
Norway, 25, 115, 143, 178, 257, 257n2, 260
observers: British trained, 130, Canadian trained, in RAF, 130; Canadians in 106 squadron, 217–18; Canadian casualties, 238, 358; in 106 Squadron, 188, 226; personal background of, in Canada, 44; position in aircraft, 128–30, 132, 201; procedures on operations, 189–91; purpose and duties of, 42–43, 51–52, 128–30, 136; status in Bomber Command, 130, 285–86; training of, 52–54, 76–78, 80, 134–36
operational training: problems of, 127–28, 170–71; purpose and organization, 117, 127–28; training in, 130–39
Operational Training Units: No. 3, 377n2; No. 11, 376n10; No. 16, 121, 127, 367, 370, 375n5, 376n11, 376n12; No. 21, 377n2 (ch. 16), 378n1 (ch. 22); No. 25, 113, 118, 127, 134, 367, 376n9, 381n1. See Royal Air Force: Finningley; Royal Air Force: Upper Heyford
Operations, Bomber Command: anti-shipping, 176; Berlin, 218–19, 225n1, 226, 257–60, 349n5; Bremen, 237–39, 314, 381;
Brest, 188, 216, 221, 225, 279n1, 286, 306n10, 316; cloud cover (sneakers), 287–88, 287n7, 288n8, 296–97; Cologne, 357; daylight, 177–78, 188, 192, 195, 249, 279n1, 286–87, 296, 316, Duisberg, 199–200; Dusseldorf, 193–94; Essen, 191, 235, 237, 257; Frankfurt, 191, 229; Hamburg, 138n12, 225, 225n2, 239–42, 259, 264, 287n7, 299–302, 314, 360; Hanover, 192–93, 208, 314; Huls, 216–17, 226, 236–37, 248–49, 290, 292, 314; Kiel, 185, 191, 194, 203–4, 217–18, 221, 238–40, 241, 248, 253; low-level, 235, 240, 249, 257, 287, 300–302, 306; Ludwigshaven, 189–90; Mannheim, 189–90, 199n1; mine-laying, 203–4; Münster, 314–18; Norway, 257, 257n2; Ostende, 284–85, 315; procedures on, 189–91; Rostock, 221, 226, Schiphol, 240–41; Wilhelmshaven, 178
Orwell, George: The Lion and the Unicorn, 152
Ottawa, 114, 219, 243
Paine, Thomas, 271, Rights of Man purchased by Joe, 277, 303, 312; Joe’s copy found in aircraft wreck, ix, 343
parachutes, 53, 56, 157, 165, 170, 319, 351; on sea-mines, 203–4, 290, 292
Patrick, Alexander, 315, 315n
Peirse, Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard, 214, 258, 286
Poland, Poles, 3, 19, 25, 111, 344
Pony Club: 56, 236, 311; beginning of, 9; correspondence, 9–10, 107n7, 119n2; enlistment debate, 36–39; members, 276, 357; reunions, 67–68, 78, 85; 95–96; status of, 96, 124–25, 230, 242. See also Berger, Monty
Popay, H.I., 240, 240n9, 309n1
Portal, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles, 214
postal censorship, 107, 118, 145–46, 329; system of, 149
Power, Charles, 1
Preston (Ont.), 16; perception of Jews in, 17, 20–21; social life in, 18–19
Preston Furniture Company, 16–17, 19
Preston Riversides (hockey team), 18–19
pigeons, 190
radio direction finding (radar), 52, 122–24, 124n7, 130, 177, 190, 209–10, 215, 230, 345, 357
radio navigation aids, 58, 81, 128, 170, 177–80, 214–15, 254, 261
Red Cross, 3, 19, 180, 295, 325, 329–30
Regina (Sask.), 49; social life in, 55–56, 68. See also British Commonwealth Air Training Plan: Air Observer School
Rivers (Man.). See British Commonwealth Air Training Plan: No. 1 Air Navigation School
Roberts, Gerry, 189–92, 194, 216, 218, 224, 253, 257, 264, 285, 300, 305, 317
Roosevelt, Franklin, 66, 98, 99, 293
Rosenstein (Ross), Herb, 9, 37–39, 85, 95, 96, 124–25, 242, 281, 298–99, 357
Rousseau, Roger: application for commission, 305, 312, 357; on leave in London with Joe, 166, 197, 233; at Midfield with Joe, 158, 163; billeted in Woodhall Spa with Joe, 185, 186, 187, 329; missing on operations, 301–2, 313n2, 334; in operational training, 113, 121, 137, 139, 165; posted to 106 Squadron with Joe, 166; prisoner of war in Germany, 330, 357; returns to Canada, 335, 357; as observer in 106 Squadron, 188, 192, 199, 205, 217–18, 219–21, 225–27, 235–36, 239, 242, 255, 257, 257n2, 259–60, 262, 263, 267, 270, 279–80, 282, 290; in training in Canada, 83, 91n1
Rousseau, Réal, 166, 311, 313n2, 335
Royal Air Force: Canadians in, 113–15; Canadian squadrons in, 114; pay and conditions in, 114, 118–19; pre-war preparations, 175–77; social structure and hierarchy, 134, 188–89
Royal Air Force Stations: Cardington, 304; Cranwell, 267; Uxbridge (No. 3 Personnel Reception Centre), 109
– Coningsby: aircraft accident at, 286; billeting at, 186, 299; commissioning process at, 305; location, 206; operational directives to, 189, 299, 314; organization of, 187–88; return to and debriefing at, 191; visit of Berger and Kostoris to, 325; visit of RCAF officers to, 305. See also Bomber Command squadrons: 106 Squadron
– Finningley: aircraft accidents at, 137, 165; Hampden at, 132; Joe’s arrival at, 113; life at, 131; operational training at, 118, 131–32, 165–66, 170, 226, 302; Rossington Hall, 118, 121; Spitfire at, 135
– Upper Heyford: flying accidents at, 138n11, 166; Joe’s visit to, 121–22
Royal Canadian Air Force: aircrew in Britain, xiii (see also Royal Air Force: Canadians in); as colonial air force, 28–29, 114–15; commissions in, 29–30, 79, 81, 95; embarkation depot (Debert), 91, 93–95, 97; in England, 114; French Canadians in, 44, 302, 313; Jews in, 42–43; London headquarters, 118, 149; No. 1 Manning Depot (Toronto), 35–37; organization, 77; pay and conditions in, 64, 118–19; recruitment, 28–30; relations with RAF, 114–15, 118–19, 358
Royal Canadian Navy, enlistment in, 17, 24
Ruhr, 183, 189, 205, 214, 216, 236, 244, 248, 257, 259, 267, 314, 343
Russia (Soviet Union), x, 144, 151, 154, 200, 227, 255, 260, 268, 271, 274–75, 281, 297, 298–99, 307, 344, 357
Samuel, Cecily, 45, 46, 83, 85, 91, 111, 158–59, 166, 169, 283, 358
Sandwell, B.K., 166, 166n3, 233–34
Saturday Night (magazine), 15, 17, 166n3, 268, 270
Savard, Adjutor, 166, 166n2, 234, 303–4, 306, 320, 334
Savard, Ernest, 166, 166n2
Selfe, Robin, 284, 290, 291, 314, 315, 317–18, 329, 343, 349–50, 354
Selfe, Winifred, 329
Shapiro, Lionel, 234, 234n
ships, German Navy: Gneisenau, 188, 216, 221, 297; Prinz Eugen, 216; Scharnhorst, 216, 221, 297
ships, Royal Navy: Georgic, 102, 107; Hood, 106, 139; Laconia, 97, 101, 102, 104, 107; Montclare, 102, 107n6; Nerissa, 108; Rajputana, 102, 104n4, 107, 108; Royal Sovereign, 103, Thunderbolt, 104; Ulsterman, 106, Wolfe, 102, 105n5
Silcox, Claris, 15
Silver, Arthur, 89
Silver, Harris, 328
Silver, Leonard, 295
Silver, Lionel (Ray), xiv, 37, 76, 86, 107, 317n6, 335, 357
Slessor, Air Vice-Marshal John, 221, 257n1, 285–86
Smart, H.W., 306
Smith, Gerald, 9, 38, 85, 87, 95, 124, 230, 333–34, 335, 357
Stevenson, Air Commodore L.F., 118, 149
Stevenson, Stevie, 113, 303
strategic air offensive against Germany, xii–xiii; controversy over, xiii, 359–60; hiatus in, 258–59, 267; initiation of, 183–84; problems with, 252; success of, 359; sustainability of, 184, 259. See also night bombing; strategic bombing
strategic bombing: doctrines of, 175–76; effectiveness of, 180; effects on civilian morale, 176, 182–83, 252; pre-war preparation for, 176; public perceptions of, 175, 275, 359–60; tested in strategic air offensive against Germany
Swingler, Stephen: Outline of Political Thought since the French Revolution, 273–74
target finding, 165, 177, 179–80, 184, 207, 214–15, 254
target marking, 250, 292, 300
Target for Tonight (film), 167–68, 172, 258
Timoshenko, Marshal Semyon, 232
Trenchard, Air Marshal Lord Hugh, 173, 175, 183–84
Twin Lakes (summer camp), 12
Tyson, Stanley, 166, 166n2
United Kingdom. See Britain
United States, 38, 80, 98, 142, 144, 200, 268, 273, 298, 357, 358
Usher, Moe, 41, 306, 306n11
veterans’ memoirs, xiii–xiv
war situation: May 1940, 25–26; May–July 1941, 111–13, 141–44
weather, as flying hazard, 207–9, 245, 248
Westermann, Albert, 348, 350
Westmount High School, 7, 8
Westmount (Que.), 7, 16, 85, 199
Williams, John, 166, 166n2
wind-finding, 179–80, 181, 215
Yearsley, Ron, 287n7