11/Queen’s, 10/Royal West Kents, 23/Middlesex, 20/Durham Light Infantry
124th Brigade
10/Queen’s, 26/Royal Fusiliers, 32/Royal Fusiliers, 21/King’s Royal Rifle Corps
Pioneers:
19/Middlesex
46th (North Midland) Division (T.F.)
137th Brigade
1/5th South Staffordshires, 1/6th South Staffordshires, 1/5th North Staffordshires, 1/6th North Staffordshires
138th Brigade
1/4th Lincolns, 1/5th Lincolns, 1/4th Leicesters, 1/5th Leicesters
139th Brigade
1/5th Sherwood Foresters, 1/6th Sherwood Foresters, 1/7th Sherwood Foresters, 1/8th Sherwood Foresters
Pioneers:
1/Monmouths
47th (1/2nd London) Division (T.F.)
140th Brigade
1/6th Londons (City of London), 1/7th Londons (City of London), 1/8th Londons (Post Office Rifles), 1/15th Londons (Civil Service Rifles)
141st Brigade
1/17th Londons (Poplar and Stepney Rifles), 1/18th Londons (London Irish Rifles), 1/19th Londons (St Pancras), 1/20th Londons (Blackheath and Woolwich)
142nd Brigade
1/21st Londons (1st Surrey Rifles), 1/22nd Londons (The Queen’s), 1/23rd Londons, 1/24th Londons (The Queen’s)
Pioneers:
1/4th Royal Welch Fusiliers
48th Division (South Midland) Division (T.F.)
143rd Brigade
1/5th Royal Warwicks, 1/16th Royal Warwicks, 1/7th Royal Warwicks, 1/8th Royal Warwicks
144th Brigade
1/4th Glosters, 1/6th Glosters, 1/7th Worcestershires, 1/8th Worcestershires
145th Brigade
1/5th Glosters, 1/4th Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, 1/1st Buckinghamshires, 1/4th Royal Berkshires
Pioneers:
1/5th Sussex
49th (West Riding) Division (T.F.)
146th Brigade
1/5th West Yorkshires, 1/6th West Yorkshires, 1/7th West Yorkshires, 1/8th West Yorkshires
147th Brigade
1/4th Duke of Wellington’s Regiment, 1/4th Duke of Wellington’s Regiment, 1/6th Duke of Wellington’s Regiment, 1/7th Duke of Wellington’s Regiment
148th Brigade
1/4th King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, 1/4th King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, 1/4th York and Lancaster, 1/4th York and Lancaster
Pioneers:
3/Monmouth (Replaced by 19/Lancashire Fusiliers 6th August)
50th (Northumberland) Division (T.F.)
149th Brigade
1/4th Northumberland Fusiliers, 1/5th Northumberland Fusiliers, 1/6th Northumberland Fusiliers, 1/7th Northumberland Fusiliers
150th Brigade
1/4th East Yorkshires, 1/4th Green Howards, 1/4th Green Howards, 1/4th Durham Light Infantry
151st Brigade
1/4th Border Regiment, 1/6th Durham Light Infantry, 1/8th Durham Light Infantry, 1/9th Durham Light Infantry
Pioneers:
1/7th Durham Light Infantry
51st (Highland) Division (T.F.)
152nd Brigade
1/5th Seaforths, 1/6th Seaforths, 1/6th Gordons, 1/8th Argyll and Sutherlands
153rd Brigade
1/6th Black Watch, 1/7th Black Watch, 1/5th Gordons, 1/7th Gordons
154th Brigade
1/9th Royal Scots, 1/4th Seaforths, 1/4th Gordons, 1/7th Argyll and Sutherlands
Pioneers:
1/8th Royal Scots
55th (West Lancashire) Division (T.F.)
164th Brigade
1/4th King’s Own, 1/8th King’s, 2/5th Lancashire Fusiliers, 1/4th Loyal North Lancashires
165th Brigade
1/5th King’s, 1/6th King’s, 1/7th King’s, 1/9th King’s
166th Brigade
1/5th King’s Own, 1/10th King’s, 1/5th South Lancashires, 1/5th Loyal North Lancashires
Pioneers:
1/4th South Lancashires
56th (1st London) Division (T.F.)
167th Brigade
1/1st London Royal Fusiliers, 1/3rd London Royal Fusiliers, 1/7th Middlesex, 1/8th Middlesex
168th Brigade
1/4th London Royal Fusiliers, 1/12th London Rangers, 1/13th London (Kensington), 1/14th London (London Scottish)
169th Brigade
1/2nd Royal Fusiliers, 1/4th London Rifle Brigade, 1/9th London Queen’s Victoria’s Rifles, 1/16th London Queen’s Westminster Rifles
Pioneers:
1/5th Cheshire
63rd (Royal Naval) Division
188th Brigade
Anson Battalion, Howe Battalion, 1/Royal Marine Battalion, 2/Royal Marine Battalion
189th Brigade
Hood Batttalion, Nelson Battalion, Hawke Battalion, Drake Battalion
190th Brigade
1/Honourable Artillery Company, 7/Royal Fusiliers, 4/Befords, 10/Royal Dublin Fusiliers
14/Worcestershires
1st Australian Division
1(New South Wales) Brigade
1st Battalion, 2nd Battalion, 3rd Battalion, 4th Battalion
2nd (Victoria) Brigade
5th Battalion, 6th Battalion, 7th Battalion, 8th Battalion
3rd Brigade
9th (Queensland) Battalion, 10th (S. Australia) Battalion, 11th (W. Australia) Battalion,
12th (S. and W. Australia, Tas.) Battalion
Pioneers:
1st Australian Pioneer Battalion
2nd Australian Division
5th (New South Wales) Brigade
17th Battalion, 18th Battalion, 19th Battalion, 20th Battalion
6th (Victoria) Brigade
21st Battalion, 22nd Battalion, 23rd Battalion, 24th Battalion
7th Brigade
25th (Queensland) Battalion, 26th (Q’land, Tas.) Battalion, 27th (S. Australia) Battalion, 28th (W. Australia) Battalion
Pioneers:
2nd Australian Pioneer Battalion
4th Australian Division
4th Brigade
13th (New South Wales) Battalion, 14th (Victoria) Battalion, 15th (Q’land, Tas.) Battalion,
16th (S. and W. Australia) Battalion
12th Brigade
45th (New South Wales) Battalion, 46th (Victoria) Battalion, 47th (Q’land, Tas) Battalion, 48th (S. and W. Australia) Battalion
13th Brigade
49th (Queensland) Battalion, 50th (S. Australia Tas.) Battalion, 51st (W. Australia) Battalion, 52nd (S. and W. Australia, Tas.) Battalion
Pioneers:
4th Australian Pioneer Battalion
5th Australian Division
8th Brigade
29th (Victoria) Battalion, 30th (New South Wales) Battalion, 31st (Q’land, Vic) Battalion,
32nd (S. & W. Australian) Battalion
14th (New South Wales) Brigade
53rd Battalion, 54th Battalion, 55th Battalion, 56th Battalion
15th (Victoria) Brigade
57th Battalion, 58th Battalion, 59th Battalion, 60th Battalion
Pioneers:
5th Australian Pioneer Battalion
1st Canadian Division
1st Brigade
1st (Ontario) Battalion, 2nd (East Ontario) Battalion, 3rd (Toronto Regiment) Battalion, 4th Battlion
2nd Brigade
5th (Western Cavalry) Battalion, 7th Battalion (1st British Columbia), 8th Battalion (90th Rifles), 10th Battalion
3rd Brigade
13th Battalion (Royal Highlanders), 14th Battalion (R. Montreal Regt), 15th Battalion (48th Highlanders), 16th Battalion (Canadian Scottish)
Pioneers:
1st Canadian Pioneer Battalion
2nd Canadian Division
4th Brigade
18th (W. Ontario) Battalion, 19th (Central Ontario) Battalion, 20th (Central Ontario) Battalion,
21st (Eastern Ontario) Battalion
5th Brigade
22nd (Canadian Francais) Battalion, 24th Battalion (Victoria Rifles), 25th Battalion (Nova Scotia Rifles
), 26th (New Brunswick) Battalion
6th Brigade
27th (City of Winnipeg) Battalion, 28th (North-West) Battalion, 29th (Vancouver) Battalion,
31st (Alberta) Battalion
Pioneers:
2nd Canadian Pioneers Battalion
3rd Canadian Division
7th Brigade
Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry, Royal Canadian Regiment, 42 Battalion (Royal Highlanders), 49th (Edmonton) Battalion
8th Brigade
1st Canadian Mounted Regiment, 2nd Canadian Mounted Regiment, 4th Canadian Mounted Regiment, 5th Canadian Mounted Regeiment
9th Brigade
43rd Battalion (Cameron Highlanders), 52nd (New Ontario) Battalion, 58th Battalion, 60th Battalion (Victoria Rifles)
Pioneers:
3rd Canadian Pioneer Battalion
4th Canadian Division
10th Brigade
44th Battalion, 46th (S. Saskatchewan) Battalion, 47th (British Columbia) Battalion, 50th (Calgary) Battalion
11th Brigade
54th (Kootenay) Battalion, 75th (Mississauga) Battalion, 87th Battalion (Canadian Grenadier Gds), 102nd Battalion
12th Brigade
38th (Ottawa) Battalion, 72nd Battalion (Seaforth Highlanders), 73rd Battalion (Royal Highlanders), 78th Battalion (Winnipeg Grenadiers)
Pioneers:
67th Canadian Pioneer Battalion
New Zealand Division
1st New Zealand Brigade
1/Auckland, 1/Canterbury, 1/Otago, 1/Wellington
2nd New Zealand Brigade
2/Auckland, 2/Canterbury, 2/Otago, 2/Wellington
3rd New Zealand Rifle Brigade
1/New Zealand Rifle Brigade, 2/New Zealand Rifle Brigade, 3/New Zealand Rifle Brigade,
4/New Zealand Rifle Brigade
Pioneers:
New Zealand Pioneer Battalion
1 With 23rd Division until 15th July, in exchange for 70th Brigade
2 Exchanged with 110th Brigade of 37th Division, 7July
3 With 8th Division until 15th July in exchange for 24th Brigade
4 Replaced by 5th/6th Royal Scots, 29 July
5 Replaced by 12/L.N. Lanes., 19 October
6 Attached to 37th Division 7 July–21 August. Replaced by 111th Brigade
7 Attached to 37th Division 7 July–21 August. Replaced by 112th Brigade
8 Attached to 37th Division 7 July–21 August. Replaced by 9/North Staffordshire
9 Exchanged with 63rd Brigade, 21st Division, 7 July
10 Attached 7 July–21 August to 34th Division
11 Attached 7 July–21 August to 34th Division
12 Attached 7 July–21 August to 34th Division
APPENDIX C
German Order of Battle The Somme 1916
2nd Army—General von Below
3rd Guard Division
Guards Fusiliers, Lehr Regiment, Grenadier Regiment No. 9
4th Guard Division
5th Guards Foot, 3th Guards Grenadiers, Reserve Regiment No. 93
5th Division
Grenadier Regiments Nos. 8 and 12, Regiment No. 52
6th Division
Regiments Nos. 20, 24 and 64
7th Division
Regiments Nos. 26, 271 and 165
8th Division
Regiments Nos. 72, 93 and 153
12th Division
Regiments Nos. 23, 62 and 63
16th Division
Regiments Nos. 28, 29, 68 and 69
24th Division
Regiments Nos. 133, 139 and 179
26th Division
Grenadier Regiment No. 119, Regiments Nos. 121 and 125
27th Division
Regiments No. 120, Grenadier Regiment No. 123, Regiment No. 124 and 127
38th Division
Regiments Nos. 94, 95 and 96
40th Division
Regiments Nos. 104, 134 and 181
52nd Division
Regiments Nos. 66, 161 and 170
56th Division
Fusilier Regiment No. 35, Regiment Nos. 88 and 118
58th Division
Regiment Nos. 106 and 107, Reserve Regiment No. 120
111th Division
Fusilier Regiment No. 73, Regiments Nos. 76 and 164
117th Division
Regiment No. 157, Reserve Regiments Nos. 11 and 22
183rd Division
Regiments Nos. 183 and 184, Reserve Regiment No. 122
185th Division2
Regiments Nos. 185, 186 and 190
208th Division
Regiments Nos. 25 and 185, Reserve Regiment No. 65
222nd Division
Regiments Nos. 193 and 397, Reserve Regiment No. 81
223rd Division
Regiment Nos. 144 and 173, Ersatz Regiment No. 29
1st Guard Reserve Division
Guards Reserve Regiments Nos. 1 and 2, Reserve Regiment No. 64
2nd Guard Reserve Division
Reserve Regiments Nos. 15, 55, 77 and 91
7th Reserve Division
Reserve Regiments Nos. 36, 66 and 72
12th Reserve Division
Reserve Regiments Nos. 23, 38 and 51
17th Reserve Division
Regiments Nos. 162 and 163, Reserve Regiments Nos. 753 and 76
18th Reserve Division
Reserve Regiments Nos. 31, 84 and 86
19th Reserve Division
Reserve Regiments Nos. 73, 78, 79 and 92
23rd Reserve Division
Reserve Grenadier Regiment No. 101, Reserve Regiments Nos. 101 and 102, Regiment No. 392
24th Reserve Division
Reserve Regiments Nos. 101, 107 and 133
26th Reserve Division
Reserve Regiments Nos. 99, 119, 121, Regiment No. 180
28th Reserve Division
Reserve Regiments Nos. 109, 110 and 111
45th Reserve Division
Reserve Regiments Nos. 210, 211 and 212
50th Reserve Division
Reserve Regiments Nos. 229, 230 and 231
51st Reserve Division
Reserve Regiments Nos. 233, 234, 235 and 236
52nd Reserve Division
Reserve Regiments Nos. 238, 239 and 240
4th Ersatz Division
Regiments Nos. 359, 360, 361 and 362
5th Ersatz Division
Landwehr Regiments Nos. 73, 74, Reserve Ersatz Regiment No. 3
2nd Bavarian Division
Bavarian Regiments Nos. 12, 15 and 20
3rd Bavarian Division
Bavarian Regiments Nos. 17, 18 and 23
4th Bavarian Division
Bavarian Regiments Nos. 5 and 9, Bavarian Reserve Regiment No. 5
5th Bavarian Division
Bavarian Regiments Nos. 7, 14, 19 and 21
6th Bavarian Division
Bavarian Regiments Nos. 6, 10, 11 and 13
10th Bavarian Division
Bavarian Regiment No. 16, Bavarian Reserve Regiments Nos. 6 and 8
6th Bavarian Reserve Division
Bavarian Reserve Regiments Nos. 16, 17, 20 and 21
Bavarian Ersatz Division
Bavarian Reserve Regiments Nos. 14 and 15, Ersatz Regiment No. 28
89th Reserve Brigade
Reserve Regiments Nos. 209 and 213
Marine Brigade
Marine Regiments Nos. 1, 2 and 3
Replaced by Regiment No. 393 for second tour
Reorganised for second tour, composition being Regiments Nos. 65, 161 and Reserve Regiment No. 28
Left division before second tour
Notes to the Text
1 The Rocky Road
1. O. Von Bismarck, Letter, 9/7/1866
2. H. Rawlinson, quoted in R. Prior & T. Wilson, Command on the Western Front (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992), p. 25
3. Ibid., p. 78
4. D.Haig, The Man I Knew (London: Moray Press, 1936), p. viii
5. D. Haig, quoted in W. S. Churchill, World Crisis, 191
6–1918 (London: Thornton Butterworth), Part II, p. 445
6. J. Charteris, At G.H.Q. (London: Cassell & Co, 1931), p. 129
7. J. Charteris, Field Marshal Earl Haig (London: Cassell & Co, 1929), pp. 205–6
8. J. Charteris, At G.H.Q, p. 164
9. D. Haig, diary entry 18/1/1916 quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18 (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, forthcoming)
10. J. Charteris, At G.H. & p. 134
11. D. Haig, diary entry 1/1/1916, edited by R. Blake, The Private Papers of Douglas Haig, 1914–1919 (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1952), p. 122
12. J. Charteris, At G.H.Q, P. 129
13. J. Joffre, quoted in J. E. Edmonds, History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916 (Woking: Shearer Publications, 1986), pp. 26–7
14. D. Haig, diary entry 29/3/1916, edited by R. Blake, The Private Papers of Douglas Haig, 1914–1919, p. 137
15. D. Haig, diary entry 26/5/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds), Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
16. D. Haig, letter to Viscount Bertie of Thame 5/6/1916, quoted in G. Sheffield & J. Bourne (eds) Douglas Haig: War Diaries and Letters 1914–18
2 Armies and Weapons
1. IWM SOUND: H. Hayward, AC 9422
2. A. Dalby, quoted in L. Milner, Leeds Pals: A History of the 15th (Service) Battalion, West Yorkshire Regiment, 1914–1918 (Barnsley: Leo Cooper, 1993), pp. 22 & 25
3. M. Fleming, ibid., pp. 23 & 25–6
4. Anon. Reporter, Manchester Guardian 22/3/1915, quoted in M. Stedman, Salford Pals: 15th, 16th, 19th and 20th Battalions Lancashire Fusiliers (Barnsley: Leo Cooper, 1993), p. 53
5. IWM DOCS: W. T. Colyer, Manuscript account, ‘War Impressions’, pp. 200–201
6. IWM SOUND: B. Farrer, AC 9552, Reel 13
7. IWM DOCS: W. T. Colyer, Manuscript account, ‘War Impressions’
8. National Army Museum: F. A. M. Maxwell, Manuscript copies of letters, 23/6/1916
9. IWM DOCS: D. N. Menaud-Lissenburg, Typescript memoir, p. 175
10. IWM SOUND: G. Cole, AC 9535, Reel 6
11. IWM SOUND: M. S. Cleeve, AC 7310, Reel 2
12. IWM SOUND: L. G. Ounsworth, AC 332, Reel 4
13. IWM DOCS: A. F. D. Darlington, Typescript account
14. Ibid.
15. IWM DOCS: E. B. Lord, Typescript account, pp. 13–14
16. F. C. Stanley, The History of the 89th Brigade, 1914–1918 (Liverpool: Daily Post, 1919), p. 119
17. Ibid., pp. 119–120
18. IWM DOCS: S. W. Appleyard, Transcript diary, pp. 56–7
19. IWM DOCS: W. T. Colyer, Manuscript account, ‘War Impressions’, pp. 200–201
20. IWM SOUND: P. Neame, AC 48, Reel 4
3 Moving On Up
1. IWM SOUND: R. Miller, AC 11961, Reel 4
2. IWM DOCS: A. L. Atkins, Typescript letter, p. 22